Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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try v — пытаться, пробо вать battery-operated p.p. — работающий на батареях Text 9А Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: В каких странах ведутся работы по созданию погружаемых аппаратов? Каковы особенности погружаемых аппаратов нового типа? Descending to New Ocean Depths We know little about the ocean yet. The dream of exploring un der the waves is almost as old as seagoing. Legend says that Alexan der the Great submerged himself in a round glass container, and Leonardo da Vinci designed a submersible vehicle in his notebooks centuries before Jules Verne wrote «Twenty Thousand Leagues Un der the Sea». If their dreams had been realized ai^d such a craft had been constructed, mankind would have known ajbout the secrets of Ocean much earlier. However, already during tjhe Swiss National Fair in 1964 a submersible vehicle took thousands of people deep into Lake Geneva. i Not long ago, the crafts that penetrated the ocean depths were almost as primitive as the marine life they watiched around them. However, non-military deep sea ships, so-cklled submersibles, were progressing rapidly. Russian, French, Japanese and American scientists are developing crafts that can submerge deeper, stay lon ger and find out more than earlier apparatuses. Soon, one of the most advanced crafts, a one passenger sub merging ship, will be tested. It may be able to take explorers and technicians deeper than ever before (up to 3,300 feet) and perform difficult underwater tasks with extreme precision. This new submersible is essentially a spherical transparent plastic hull9 mounted on a metal platform. It looks like an underwater heli copter and can manoeuvre itself in its water environment with some of the versatility2 of a helicopter due to the use of a cycloid rotor3 instead of conventional marine-propeller screws4. It is expected that this apparatus will move around the ocean like a sports car. However, the breakthrough5 that will make this particular craft quite different from other manned submersibles is a mechanical hand called the sensory manipulator system6. Miniature video cameras on the «wrist» of the manipulator provide it with vision and microphones enable the submersible to «hear». This manipula tor system is designed to lift up to 120 pounds and will also be able to perform such accurate scientific work as collecting samples of ocean-floor minerals and marine life. When demonstrated, it lifted crystal glasses, drew pictures and wrote with a pen. Some scientists are trying to develop the world’s deepest manned submersible. When completed, it will be capable of sub merging to the depths of 21,000 feet. Its crew will be in a pres sure-resistant titanium-alloy cabin. This craft will be driven by a battery-operated electric motor and will work for up to nine hours. It will record images with colour television and stereo cameras and will collect samples by manipulating two robotic arms. If such crafts are constructed on a large scale, we shall be able not only to spend our holidays enjoying the underwater life, but also grow and cultivate sea plants, fish and pearls. It will be possible provided scientists, designers and politicians from all over the world join their efforts and solve the most important problems in this field.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 9. Просмотрите текст 9А и ответьте на вопросы. 1. What is the text about? 2. What is a submersible? 3. Who was the first to think of a submersible vehicle? 4.What writer wrote about a submersible? 5. What special systems will be used on a new submersible? 6. What are the characteristics of the manipulator system? 7. What kind of submersible is being designed at present?
Упражнение 10. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию текста 9А. Исправьте неправильные. 1. We know very little about the ocean yet. 2. The dream of ex ploring the underwater life is very old. 3. It was Jules Verne who was the first to write about a submersible vehicle. 4. Only Japanese scientists are developing deep water submersible crafts. 5. A new submersible craft looks and moves like an underwater helicopter.
Упражнение 11. Найдите в тексте 9А условные придаточные предложе ния; сделайте, где возможно, их бессоюзными. Упражнение 12. Найдите условные придаточные предложения, выра жающие нереальные действия. Переведите. you would notice the difference with that available at present. 3. If there is a pressure change in the tires, a transmitter signals to adjust the pressure. 4. If we were to make a journey in a plane to the nearest star, we should have to travel for several thousand centuries. 5. Were traffic controlled by computers, cars could travel with safety and speed. 6. Had submersibles been developed since the time of Alex ander the Great, mankind would have used natural resources from the ocean floor and cultivated plants and fish there. 7. Had all sub mersibles had autonomous principle of operation, they would have become much more useful. 8. If fire-arms had not been invented, the secret of Damascus steel would not have been lost. 9. If we could make a non-stop flight around the sun in an airplane at a speed about 300 km per hour, it would require 565 days to encircle it at the equator. 10. If the satellite speed is less than necessary, it will go down from the orbit and enter the atmosphere. Упражнение 13. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различ ные значения слов provide, if (whether). 1. Specialists reported that a miniature video camera provided the latest submersible with vision. 2. The speed of a satellite would be less provided it moved at a greater distance from the Earth. 3. Drivers don’t know yet whether radars will be mounted on the next car models. 4. If the weather is too bad for flying, passenger airplanes don’t leave airports. 5. It was very important to find out if electricity could be used for long distance communication. 6. Dur ing the entire flight, the pilot is provided with all the necessary in formation about weather conditions. 7. Modern submersibles can remain at the depth of 20,000 feet for eight hours or, if needed, as long as two or three days. 8. A new system for motor cars can be provided with infrared sensors that can detect a human figure at night. 9. If underwater tourism continued to develop at the present rate, the number of passengers could grow up to millions in only a few years. Упражнение 14. Переведите предложения с союзом unless и запомните особенности его перевода. been impossible to send satellites into orbit unless Newton’s laws of motion had been studied. 7. With heat generated by friction of the air on aircraft surface, the temperature inside the cabin would in crease to almost 1,000 °C unless it were cooled by mechanical means. УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ Упражнение 15. Образуйте от следующих слов: а) глаголы usage, subdivision, indication, complication, difference, large, systematisation, appearance, changeable, measurable; |