Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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Exercise 3. Read and learn. Hiking in the Mountains Mike: My steps become lighter because I hear the music of running water. Let’s stand and look at the stream. Jane: Why only look? I’m thirsty (хочу пить) and nothing tastes so good as cool mountain water. М.: But passing the same water through the pores of the skin does the body fifteen times as much good as it does when you drink it. Put your hands and arms into the deepest place and keep them for a while and you’ll feel so wonderful. J.: I can’t stop drinking. Look at the clear, smooth surface of the stream. Water is beautiful. М.: And perhaps, the most beautiful thing about it is its use. It helps all living things in one way or another. J.: I know that my own body is eighty-five per cent water. М.: Yes, and this water keeps you going in spite of the weather. J.: How does it do this? М.: By circulation it keeps your body at the same temperature all the time. J.: I’ve read that water has the most interesting properties of all liquids. It is the slowest to cool and the slowest to heat. М.: In winter the water in your body keeps you warm by circulat ing evenly to all parts. In the heat of summer it passes off through the million of pores of your skin. This keeps you cool and takes away toxic material at the same time. J.: I think the great supply of water in the body is one of the na ture’s great provisions. М.: Sure, especially taking into consideration (принимать во внимание) that the human being can live only within the nar row range (диапазон) in body temperature of a very few de grees Fahrenheit. Have you had enough water? J.: Yes, I have. Usually I drink at least six glassfuls of water daily. Exercise 4. Speak about:
Use exercises 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic: to realize a dream, underwater exploration, to penetrate, a submersible vehi cle, to descend to a depth up to, to perform tasks, collecting samples of minerals and marine life, to work for nine hours, to join efforts. Exercise 5. Comment on the following statement. Scientists cannot afford (позволить себе) to be interested in things not connected with their subject. One point of view: There is no alternative to narrow (узкий) specialization, ev erybody has a limited amount of time, it is unrealistic to expect a scientist to be in terested in other fields than his own, a person who is interested in many things is sure to become a dilettante. A contrary point of view : It is impossible to understand a particular science in complete isolation, the scientist should not be treated as a machine for solving spe cialized problems, a narrow specialist may tend to become a narrow -minded per son, really great scientists have always had wide interests. What do you think about it? Why? Exercise 6. A. Read and say what you think about tea and what it does for you. Tea The English know how to make tea and what it does for you. Seven cups of it wake you up in the morning; nine cups will put you to sleep at night. If you are hot, tea will cool you off, and if you are cold, it will warm you up. If you take it in the middle of the morning, it will stimulate you for further work; if you drink it in the afternoon, it will relax you for further thought. Then, of course, you drink lots of it in off hours (свободное время). The test of good tea is simple. If a spoon stands in it, then it is strong enough. В. Use the following phrases.
Exercise 7. Read and smile. A Fable from Aesop ['i:sop] While sitting together one time, a group of animals was discuss ing the popularity of the elephant. They all agreed that the elephant was the most popular animal in the forest, but none of them could give a satisfactory explanation of this fact. Yet they all had certain comments to offer. The giraffe [d5i'ra:f] said, «If the elephant had a long neck like mine, then it would be easy to understand his popularity. He would be the tallest animal in the forest». The peacock (павлин) said, «If he possessed my beautiful tail, it would be easy to understand. He would be the most beautiful creature in the forest». The rabbit said, «If he could run as fast as I, it would be easy to understand. He would be the fastest animal in the forest». The bear said, «If he was as strong as I, it would be easy to un derstand. He would be the strongest animal in the forest». Suddenly the elephant himself appeared. He was larger and stronger than any of the other animals, and he was also superior in many ways. But he was always quiet and modest about his many accomplishments. This, after all, was the real explanation for his popularity. An American lady got into a smoking carriage (вагон) where an Englishman was smoking a pipe. She began doing everything to show him she objected to his smoking. At last, seeing that the man paid no attention, she said, «If you were a gentleman, you would stop smoking when a lady got into the carriage». «If you were a lady», replied the Englishman, «you would not get into a smoking carriage». «If you were my husband», said the American lady angrily, «I would give you poison (яд)». «Well,» said the Englishman at last, «if I were your husband, I would take it». Text 9B Прочитайте текст и озаглавьте его. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: Какую новую информацию вы нашли в тексте? За счет чего можно устранить недостатки в существующих погружаемых аппаратах? Now most submersibles are connected with a support ship on the surface. This connection is an armoured cable measuring an inch or two in diameter and weighing up to 10 tons and it transmits power and navigational commands to the submersible, as well as sends sensor data and television images back to the support ship. Cables allow submersibles to transmit data at a great speed, but they limit the range of territory studied and have many disadvan tages in operation. Autonomous underwater submersibles can move freely. Con trolled by on-board microprocessors or by acoustic signals trans mitted by a ship on the surface, battery-operated submersibles can cover much greater areas. They can operate under ice and in very deep water. Such three-ton unmanned crafts can submerge to the depth of almost 20,000 feet and stay there for up to seven hours. High quality images of the ocean bottom can be transmitted to the support ship in three to four seconds (because of the slow speed — about 5,000 feet per second through water — acoustic data trans mission is much less quick than signals sent via cable which travel at the speed of light). But even these most advanced submersibles have definite disad vantages: batteries are heavy, data transmission is slow and com puter programs are primitive. Future submersibles may overcome those difficulties. Some may be propelled by nuclear power or by fuel cells (топливные элементы) that use oxygen from the sea water. Many of them will rely on signal-compression techniques to speed up acoustic data links. Computerized systems will enable some submersibles to repair damaged telephone cables or oil plat forms. If research work in this field continues to expand at its present rate, the number of radically different kind of more effi cient crafts will appear very soon. Text 9C Прочитайте текст. Назовите особенности современного спасательного средства на воде и принцип его действия. Lifeboats Even though we now have ships of a kind unknown in earlier centuries, we are still very far from mastering the sea. The Greek sailor who was shipwrecked (терпеть кораблекрушение) on his way home from Troy and the sailor of tomorrow whose nuclear- powered cargo ship might be on fire both face the same dangers. They may drown (тонуть), and so they need to keep afloat. They may die, and so they need to keep themselves covered and dry. Rescuers (спасатель) may never find them, and so they need to send signals. The Greek sailor at the time of the Trojan war had only a small chance of survival (спасение). The sailor of tomorrow has a greater chance, especially if the ship has one of the new rescue crafts on board. One such lifeboat looks more like a flying saucer (тарелка) than a boat. Sailors on board a ship which is in trouble can get into the capsule, close the water-tight doors and operate the controls which drop the capsule automatically into the sea. Made of glass fibre (стекловолокно) the capsule will float on the sea and will not be dragged down by the sinking ship. It will protect the men inside from explosions, fire and extreme cold. It has a thirty-kilowatt diesel engine and so can carry survivors to the coast. To help rescue ship and aircraft to find it, the upper part of the capsule is covered with a special orange paint which can be detected by radar. Each capsule is large enough for twenty eight men. Text 9D |