Учебнометодическое пособие Под редакцией к ю. н профессора И. А. Горшеневой Москва Мосу мвд россии 2009 содержание
 Скачать 260.52 Kb.
|
|
Получить полный текст Упр. 12. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Объединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии – развитое промышленное государство. 2. Столица Англии – Лондон. 3. Глава правительства Великобритании – премьер-министр. 4. Объединенное Королевство – это конституционная монархия. 5. Парламент Англии – двухпалатный. 6. Канада, Австралия и Новая Зеландия – члены Британского Содружества Наций. 7. Основные политические партии Великобритании – Консервативная и Лейбористская. МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ САМОСОЯТЕЛЬНОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ Прочитайте тексты и выполните упражнения к ним ТЕКСТ A Упр. 1. Прочитайте текст без словаря, стараясь определить значение подчеркнутых слов. Изложите краткое содержание текста HOW THE UNITED KINGDOM WAS FORMED The UK is a union of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. But long ago it was not so. Each part was a separate (отдельное) state with its own history, government and traditions. Wales and England were united in 1535. Scotland was united with England and Wales in 1707. Now three countries, England, Wales and Scotland are collectively called Great Britain. Northern Ireland joined Great Britain in 1920 under the Act of Parliament. England England is the largest (самая большая) part of the UK. It occupies a territory of 131,800 square kilometres with the population of 46 million people. England is divided into 49 administrative parts called counties (графства). Wales Wales occupies an area of 20,800 sq. km. Its population is about 3 mln. people. The Welsh (валлийцы, уэльсцы) speak their own language (язык), but English is spoken in towns too. Wales consists of 8 counties. The capital is Cardiff. Northern Ireland Northern Ireland occupies the north-eastern part of the island (острова) of Ireland. It occupies an area of 14,100 sq. km. with the population of 1,5 mln. people. Northern Ireland consists of 6 counties. The capital is Belfast. Two thirds of the population are protestants – descendants (потомки) of the English and Scots - and the rest are catholics who want (хотят) to separate from the UK and join the Irish Republic. Scotland Scotland is the most northern part of the UK. It occupies an area of 78,800 sq. kms. with the population of about 5 mln. people. Scotland is divided into 33 counties. The capital is Edinburgh. ТЕКСТ B Упр. 2. При переводе текста В найдите в нем следующие предложения 1. Шотландцы не любят, когда их называют англичанами. 2. В Шотландии есть особый вид национальной одежды - килт. 3. Только мужчины носят килт. 4. В Шотландии есть свой музыкальный инструмент – волынка. 5. Многие знаменитые люди родились в Шотландии. 6. В. Скотт известен как автор исторических романов. 7. Р. Стивенсон известен такими книгами как «Остров сокровищ», «Мистер Джекил и Хайд». 8. А. Флеминг открыл пенициллин. THE SCOTS AND SCOTLAND People who live (жить) in Scotland are called Scots or Scotsmen. They don't like if you call them Englishmen. Scotland has its own national drink called «Scotch». It also has a special national dress called the kilt. It's a skirt (юбка). Only men wear the kilt. Men in the north of Scotland wear kilts every day. Scotland has its own typical musical instrument the pipe (sometimes called a bagpipe), its own national dancing, its own songs, poetry, language, and traditions. Many famous men of literature and science (наука) were born in Scotland: Robert Burns was a famous Scottish national poet. Walter Scott was known as a writer of historical novels. Robert Louis Stevenson is famous for his books of adventure such as « The Treasure Island», «Kidnapped», «Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde». Alexander Fleming is a scientist who discovered penicillin. TЕКСТ C Упр. 3. Подберите русские эквиваленты следующих английских слов Albion, Londinium, the City, mile, bank, company, corporation, police, Lord, Mayor Упр. 4. Почитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы, в конце текста FROM THE HISTORY OF LONDON The Romans conquered (завоевали) the British Isles 2,000 years ago. They saw (видели) the white cliffs (скалы) enveloped in fog and named this northern land Albion. The Romans ruled (правили) in Britain for nearly 400 years. They founded (основали) a town on the river Thames and called it Londinium. London is nearly 2,000 years old. The City of London stands on the territory of Roman Londinium so the City is the oldest part of today's London. The City has a territory of one square mile. The City is often called «one square mile». Nearly 2,000 banks, companies and corporations are situated there. The City has its own police force. It has its own Lord Mayor. 1. When did Romans conquer the British Isles? 2. Why did they call this land Albion? 3. How long did Romans rule in Britain? 4. What part of London is the oldest? 5. What is the City famous for? УРОК 3 ТЕКСТ, ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упр. 1. Прочитайте вслух следующие слова, обращая внимание на чтение буквосочетания «aw» law, lawyer, lawful, lawless, unlawful. Упр. 2. Подберите русские эквиваленты данных интерна-циональных слов federal, republic, national, democratic, president, congress, basis, legal, local, colony, popularly, to symbolize, declaration, municipality. Упр. 3. Перепишите, переведите на русский язык и запомните следующие слова to adopt, blue, to comprise, county, custom (s), district, equal, field, glory, independence, legal, local, to modify, municipality, number, old, nowaday, original, to originate, own, to proclaim, star, stripe, today, war, white. Упр. 4. В тексте 3 говорится о Соединенных Штатах Америки. Прочитайте текст, дайте общую характеристику США, расскажите об истории возникновения этого государства и каким образом она отражена в государственном флаге страны. ТЕКСТ 3 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The United States of America (the U. S.A. or the U. S.) is a federal republic comprising 50 states, and the District of Columbia (D. C.). The national capital is Washington, D. C., situated on the Potomac river. The main political parties of the country are the Republican and Democratic parties. The Government of the U. S.A. consists of the President and Cabinet, Congress and a judicial system. The basis of the legal system is the modified British law and local customs. Each state has its own government and its own capital. All states consist of counties and municipalities. The U. S.A. originated in 1776 when on the 4-th of July, 13 American colonies, fighting a war against England, adopted the Declaration of Independence. The flag of the U. S.A., popularly called «The Stars and Stripes and Old Glory», consists of 13 red and white stripes equal to the number of original states, and a blue field with 50 white stars symbolizing 50 nowaday states. The red stripes proclaim courage (мужество), the white stripes proclaim liberty (свобода), the field of the blue stands for loyalty (верность). Упр. 5. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту 1. What kind of state is the U. S.A.? 2. What does the Government of the U. S.A. consist of? 3. What is the basis of the U. S. legal system? 4. What are the main political parties of the U. S.A.? 5. When did the U. S.A. originate? 6. How many colonies did the state consist of at that time? 7. In what way does the national flag reflect the history of the U. S.A.? Упр. 6. Составьте словосочетания из прилагательных (А) и существительных (В) A B federal party national state political government judicial system legal local Упр. 7. Переведите следующие предложные словосочетания the basis of the legal system; under the British law; a war against Britain; about the Declaration of Independence; in the articles (статьи) of the Declaration of Independence; from the District of Columbia; on the Potomac river; the War of Independence; by the President and his Cabinet Упр. 8. Переведите сочетания существительного с причастием. a) a state comprising 50 states; the Cabinet consisting of 20 ministers; the colonies fighting against England; the flag consisting of stars and stripes; the stars symbolizing 50 states; the developing countries; b) the United States; the United Kingdom; the United Nations; the developed states; the underdeveloped states; the modified legal system; the adopted Declaration; the elected President; colonies governed by Britain; the state originated in 1776. Упр. 9. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод сказуемого 1. The United States consists of 50 states. 2. The governments of the 50 states have structures parallel to the structure of the federal government. 3. Washington doesn't belong (принадлежать) to any state. 4. The Vice-President of the United States presides in the Senate. 5. By the Declaration of Independence the American colonies declared their independence from Britain. 6. In the U. S.A. July 4th is Independence Day. 7. Each of the fifty states of the U. S.A. has its own legal system and its own constitution. Упр. 10. Подберите к началу предложения из колонки А окончание из колонки В А В 1. The USA originated 1. states. 2. In the beginning America consisted of… 2. a federal republic. 3. Today the USA comprises… 3. in 1776. 4. The American flag consists of… 4. colonies. 5. The United States is… 5. stars and stripes. Упр. 11. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. 1. Вашингтон находится в округе Колумбия. 2. Декларация Независимости является основой конституции США. 3. Американский президент возглавляет исполнительную (executive) власть. 4. Глава каждого американского штата – губернатор (governor). 5. Символ Республиканской партии – слон (elephant), а символ Демократической партии – осел (donkey). МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ Прочитайте тексты и выполните упражнения к ним. ТЕКСТ А Упр. 1. При переводе текста А выпишите английские эквиваленты, соответствующие следующим русским словосочетаниям 1. структура федеральных органов власти; 2. губернатор; 3. глава штата; 4. судебная система; 5. система органов власти штатов; 6. область деятельности; 7. сельское хозяйство; 8. общественная безопасность; 9. система исправительных учреждений; 10. хорошая административная организация. THE STATE GOVERNMENTS The structures of the American states repeat (повторять) the structure of the federal government. All states have the governor as the head of the state, a legislative (законодательный) body, and the judicial system. All legislative bodies except (кроме) Nebraska have two houses. Nebraska's legislative body is unicameral. State governments have a wide field of functions: agriculture, highway and motor car supervision (наблюдение), public safety (безопасность), correction system, professional licensing, regulation of interstate business and industry, and some aspects of education (образование), public health and welfare (здравоохранение и благосостояние). These activities require (требовать) a good administrative organization, headed by the governor. ТЕКСТ B Упр. 2. Читая текст B, найдите в нем ответы на вопросы: 1. How many districts does New York consist of? 2. What are they? 3. How old is New York? 4. Who bought Manhattan from the Indians? 5. How much did the Dutch pay for this island? 6. What was the name of New York at that time? 7. When was New Amsterdam renamed? 8. How long was New York the capital of the U. S.? 9. What are the main sights of New York? 10. What other sights of New York do you know? NEW YORK Greater New York consists of five districts. These regions are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan and Staten Island. New York is not a very old city. The first written record of Manhattan goes back to 1524. The Dutch (голландцы) who came to America bought (купили) the island of Manhattan from the Indians for some trinkets (безделушки) to the value of 24 dollars. The Dutch named their colony New Amsterdam. In 1664 an English fleet under the command of Duke of York captured (захватил) the city and renamed it New York. From 1785 to 1790 New York was the capital of the United States. The main sights (достопримечательности) in New York are the Statue of Liberty, a present from France for America's centennial (1886), about 200 museums, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Art Museum, one of the largest (самый большой) philharmonic halls in the world - Carnegie Hall, famous skyscrapers (небоскреб) - the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building, the famous Times Square, and so on. ТЕКСТ С Упр. 3. Читая текст С, догадайтесь о значении подчеркнутых слов. STREETS OF NEW YORK New York is the city which grows (растет) upwards. The result is tall (высокие) buildings called skyscrapers. The tallest building in New York is the Empire State Building. The plan of the city is very simple (простой). All avenues go north (север) and south (юг) and they are wider (шире) than the streets. All the streets except Broadway run north and south, east and west. There are eleven avenues and about three hundred streets in New York. The streets are much narrower (уже) than the avenues. Broadway and the Fifth Avenue are the most famous streets in New York. Americans do not give (дают) the names of their famous people to the streets of the city. They call them by numbers, for example (например) – Second Street, First Avenue and so on. All the streets to the east or west of the Fifth Avenue have the name «East» or «West» before the number, for example, East 41st Street, West 53rd Street an so on. УРОК 4 ТЕКСТ, ЛКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упр. 1. Прочитайте вслух следующие слова, обращая внимание на чтение суффикса -tion (-sion) constitution, organization, protection, convention, federation, nation, situation adoption, definition, decision. Упр. 2. Подберите русские эквиваленты данных интерна-циональных слов basic, organ, organization, principle, to formulate, personal, act, assembly, common, convention, preamble, federal, national, individual, structure, army. Упр. 3. Перепишите, переведите на русский язык и запомните следующие слова act, activity, amendment, article, basic, bill, to belong, certain, to change, citizen, common, to decide, to define, duty, to establish, etc, executive, freedom, judge, legislative, liberty, life, new, to obey, to pass, past, to pay, to protect, to serve, such, tax, thing, usual, to write. Упр. 4. Прочитайте текст и расскажите об особенностях английской и американской конституций. ТЕКСТ 4 THE CONSTITUTIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE USA A constitution is the basic law of a state. This document defines the system of power (legislative, executive, judicial), the principles of its organization and activity. A constitution also formulates the citizens' basic rights such as the right to life, personal liberty, freedom of assembly, the right to the protection of the law, etc. Under the constitution the citizens also have certain duties to the state such as to obey laws, to serve in the army, to pay taxes and many more. Great Britain has an unusual constitution. It is unwritten and consists of: a) the laws passed in Parliament (Acts of Parliament); b) Common Law – decisions made by judges in the past; c) unwritten conventions. All these things can be changed by new Acts of Parliament, by the judges, and by new conventions. The US Constitution was adopted in 1788. It consists of the Preamble and seven articles. The Federal Constitution defines the structure of the national government, its powers and activities. All other powers belong to the states, the counties and cities which have their own governments. The US Constitution has 27 amendments. The first 10, called the «Bill of Rights», establish certain individual liberties. Упр. 5. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту 1. What is a constitution? 2. What does it define? 3. What are the fundamental rights of the citizens? 4. What are the basic duties of the citizens? 5. What does the British Constitution consist of? 6. When was the American Constitution adopted? 7. How many amendments are there in the American Constitution? 8. How are the first ten amendments of the American Constitution called? Упр. 6. Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на значение слов с отрицательными приставками -un, -in, -il a developed state - an undeveloped child; a written constitution – an unwritten law (Common Law); a usual day routine – an unusual decision; a popular song – unpopular ideas; equal partners – unequal rights; Constitutional Law – an unconstitutional law; an official symbol – an unofficial visit; a dependent country – an independent state. Упр. 7. Переведите на русский язык данные сочетания, обращая внимание на различные варианты перевода глаголов 1) to make a decision, to make a law, to make a plan, to make a living, to make friends; 2) to give information, to give a medal, to give a title, to give a lecture, to give fight, to give instructions; 3) to pass a law, to pass a bill, to pass a decision; 4) to adopt a resolution, to adopt certain tactics, to adopt a child; 5) to change the address, to change the name, to change dollars into rubles; 6) to establish a state, to establish an international organization, to establish the facts of a crime, to establish the name of a person, to establish contacts; 7) to define the position of a person, to define the duties of police, to define the powers of a judge, to define the powers by law. Упр. 8. Переведите следующие предложные сочетания a) by a judge, by a new convention, by legislature, by the government, by Common Law; b) судебными органами, исполнительной властью, актом парламента, государством, высшим законодательным органом, правительством. Упр. 9. Переведите на русский язык представленные группы слов и определите, к какой части речи относится каждое из них acceptance – to accept –accepted – accepting; adoption – to adopt – adopted – adopting; amendment – to amend – amended – amending; definition – to define – defined – defining; decision – to decide – decided – deciding; establishmen – to establish – established – establishing; protection – to protect – protected – protecting. Упр. 10. Определите права и обязанности граждан 1) right / duty to serve in the army; 2) right /duty to pay taxes; 3) right / duty to personal liberty; 4) right / duty to register a child's birth; 5) right / duty to freedom of religion; 6) right / duty to be protected from criminals; 7) right / duty to life; 8) right / duty to demonstrate; 9) right / duty to obey the laws; 10) right / duty to serve on a jury. Упр. 11. Переведите следующие предложения 1. The state power is divided between three main branches: the legislature, the executive and the judicature. 2. A constitution can be changed by a special procedure. 3. The British unwritten Constitution has been developing for over 700 years. 4. The first three Articles of the U. S. Constitution establish three main branches of power: legislative, executive, judicial. 5. The principle of separation of powers was developed by the French political philosopher Montesquieu in the 18th century. 6. The constitution defines the state flag, hymn, and coat of arms. 7. Under the constitution individual citizens have duties to the State and the State has certain duties to protect the human rights of the citizens. 8. Under the British unwritten Constitution there is no separation of power (that is, of the legislature and the executive). The British legislature and the executive mix together. Ministers sit and answer for their policy in both Houses of Parliament. МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ Прочитайте тексты и выполните упражнения к ним ТЕКСТ А Упр. 1. Прочитайте текст без словаря. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Constitutional Law is the law that defines the governmental organization of a state, establishes its powers, and limits the use (применение) of these powers. The subjects of the Constitutional Law are: 1) the definition of the structure of the government, including (включая) the qualification, duties and privileges of people holding (занимать) government offices; 2) the definition of the powers of the government, including the distribution (распределение) of legislative, executive, and judicial functions among separate (отдельный) organs; 3) the creation (создание) of a sphere of individual liberty (in a bill of rights); 4) provision (положение) for a legal method of making changes in the constitution. It is common (общепринято) to include in Constitutional Law certain provisions relating (относиться) to education (образование), patents, copyrights (авторское право), the Armed Forces (силы), rules (правила) of judicial procedure, official salaries (оклад), taxation, and administration. Упр. 2. Подберите к представленным в колонке А словосочетаниям английские эквиваленты из колонки В А В 1. вооруженные силы 1. to hold government offices 2. свободы личности 2. the distribution of powers 3. судопроизводство 3. individual liberties 4. занимать государственные должности 4. to make changes 5. некоторые положения конституции 5. copyright 6. распределение власти 6. the Armed Forces 7. вносить изменения 7. judicial procedure 8. авторское право 8. certain provisions of the Constitution ТЕКСТ B Упр. 3. Переведите текст с помощью словаря. THE BILL OF RIGHTS (1791) The first 10 amendments to the U. S. Constitution First Amendment proclaims the rights of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, and freedom to petition government. Second Amendment declares «a well regulated militia» as necessary to the security of a free state, and the right of the people to keep and bear arms. Third Amendment protects from using private homes as quarters for soldiers during peacetime without the consent of the owners. Упр. 4. Выберите правильный вариант данных предложений. 1. The Bill of Rights consists of (8/10/12) amendments. 2. Military units may not be quartered in homes in time of (war/peace). 3. A person (can/cannot) petition the government. 4. Citizens (may have/may not have) arms. Упр. 5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык и запомните их 1. the right of freedom of religion 6.the security of a state 2. freedom of speech 7. to keep and bear arms 3. freedom of assembly 8. to protect private houses 4. freedom of petition the government 9. during peacetime 5. a well regulated militia 10. the consent of the owners ТЕКСТ С Упр. 6. Прочитайте со словарем продолжение текста «Билль о правах» THE BILL OF RIGHTS (continued) Fourth Amendment protects against searches, arrests, and seizures of property without a specific warrant. Fifth Amendment establishes trial for a serious crime after indictment by a Grand Jury, protects against double jeopardy (repeated trials), defines that an accused person may not testify against himself, prohibits government from taking private property without just compensation. Sixth Amendment guarantees a speedy public trial for criminal offence, guarantees the right to legal counsel for the accused. It also guarantees that the accused may have witnesses to attend the trial and testify in the presence of the accused. Seventh Amendment establishes trial by jury in civil cases. Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail or fines, and unusual punishment. Ninth Amendment declares that the list of individual rights in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights is not comprehensive. Tenth Amendment proclaims that powers delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people. Упр. 7. Выпишите из текста С и выучите английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и понятий 1) обыск; 9) судебный процесс; 2) конфискация; 10) защита (правовая в суде); 3) ордер; 11) свидетель; 4) судебный процесс; 12) гражданские дела; 5) обвиняемый; 13) залог, поручительство; 6) давать показания; 14) штраф; 7) запрещать; 15) наказание. 8) частная собственность; УРОК 5 ТЕКСТ, ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упр. 1. Прочитайте вслух следующие слова, обращая внимание на чтение буквы «y», находящейся в различных положениях в слове a) body, only, every, party, majority, officially, necessary; b) by, my, try, spy; c) yes, you, your, year. Упр. 2. Подберите русские эквиваленты данных интерна-циональных слов monarch, absolute, lord, peer, political, opposition, leader, majority, to examine. Упр. 3. Перепишите, переведите на русский язык и запомните следующие слова to approve, to become, body, to examine, to exist, to get, house, life, to lead, majority, to make, necessary, only, the only, to propose, to read, representative, to restrict, seat, to sign, source, to suggest, supreme, upper, wide, world. Упр. 4. Часто о значении слов при чтении можно догадаться из контекста. Прочитайте предложения. Догадайтесь, какие русские слова пропущены. Используйте способ догадки при чтении всех английских текстов 1.Исполнительная власть в США…президенту. 2. Только высший орган государственной власти может…законы. 3. США…из 50 штатов. 4. В Англии…писаной конституции. 5. США…с 1776 года. 6. В работе президенту… кабинет, состоящий…10–12 членов. 7. В американскую конституцию было… 27 поправок. 8. …США составляет 3,316,122 квадратные мили. Упр. 5. Прочитайте текст. Расскажите о парламенте Англии, его палатах, выборах в Палату Общин, порядке принятия законов ТЕКСТ 5 PARLIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN Officially the head of the United Kingdom is the Monarch. The power of the Monarch is not absolute but constitutional and is restricted by Parliament. Parliament in Britain exists since 1265. It is one of the oldest parliaments in the world. Parliament is the supreme legislative body. Only Parliament has the right to make or unmake any law. The British Parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is a nation wide representative body. It is the main source of the law. People are elected to the House of Commons during a General Election held every five years. There are 646 Members of Parliament (MPs). The House of Lords, or the Upper House, consists of Peers. The members of the House of Lords must examine the law proposed by the House of Commons and suggest amendments to it if it is necessary. Of the two great political British parties-Conservative and Labour – the party which gets the majority of seats in the House of Commons is called the Government, and the other the Opposition. The leader of the majority party becomes the Prime Minister. Any member of the House of Commons may introduce a Bill. After three readings in the House of Commons it must be approved by the House of Lords. After that the Monarch signs the Bill and it becomes an Act of Parliament. Упр. 6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту 1. What is the supreme legislative body of Great Britain? 2. What are the Houses of Parliament? 3. How often is a General Election to the House of Commons held? 4. How many MPs are there in the House of Commons? 5. What are the duties of the Peers? 6. Who becomes the Prime Minister? 7. How does a Bill become an Act of Parliament? Упр. 7. Выпишите в отдельные (а, в, с,) колонки: a) существительные; b) прилагательные; c) наречия. Переведитеихнарусскийязык constitutional, legislative, restriction, officially, conservative, government, representation, majority, governmental, widely, constitution, introduction, existence, official, only, amendment, lawyer. Упр. 8. Переведите следующие предложные словосочетания 1. in Parliament, by Parliament, to Parliament, from Parliament; 2. by a representative body, to the nation representative body, from a legislative body, in the supreme legislative body; 3. the head of the state, the power of the Monarch, the House of Commons, a Member of Parliament, the source of law, the majority of Parliament seats, the leader of the majority party, an Act of Parliament. Упр. 9. Подберите к словам в колонке А окончания предложений из колонки В А В 1. The House of Lords is made up of… Parliament. 2. The head of the state in the UK is… 2. every five years. 3. The British Parliament has … 3. a Bill. 4. The House of Commons is elected… 4. the Monarch. 5. The power of the Monarch is restricted… 5. two Houses. 6. Any Member of Parliament may introduce… 6. Peers. Упр. 10. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов. 1. The House of Lords may introduce amendments to a Bill. 2. Once in five years Parliament must be dissolved and a General Election must be held. 3. Parliament is the only body which can enact, alter or reverse a law. 4. «Peers» who are members of the House of Lords cannot become MPs. 5. Parliament has two main duties: it must make laws and debate matters of great importance to the state. 6. The Speaker is a Member of Parliament who must keep order in the House of Commons. 7. The House of Lords cannot delay any laws which relate to finance and taxation. МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ Прочитайте тексты и выполните упражнения к ним ТЕКСТ А Упр. 1. Прочитайте текст без словаря THE GENERAL ELECTION The United Kingdom is divided into 646 constituencies (избирательный округ). People who live in a constituency and who are over 18 are entitled (давать право) to take part (участвовать) in the General Election and vote (голосовать) for their Member of Parliament. This takes place every 5 years. People who want (хотеть) to be elected to Parliament are called candidates. A candidate who gets the most (большинство) votes in his constituency becomes an MP. Every MP belongs to one of the two main political parties - Conservative or Labour. The party which gets the majority of votes during the General Election becomes the Government. Упр. 2. Выберите предложения, соответствующие содержанию текста. Дайте правильный вариант предложений с искаженной информацией. 1. The abbreviation «MP» means a Member of Police. 2. There are six hundred forty six constituencies in Great Britain. 3. The British can vote to Parliament since sixteen years of age. 4. The General Election takes place every five years. 5. If the Conservatives get the most votes during the General Election they form the Government. ТЕКСТ В Упр. 3. Переведите текст без словаря VOTING IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS The main duty of every Member of Parliament is to defend (защищать) the interests of all the people of his or her constituency, and to pass laws. They do it by voting in Parliament for every new law. In many countries Parliament members vote by raising (поднятие) of hands (рука) or by standing up (вставать). In Russia and Sweden an electronic system of voting is used (применять). In the House of Commons during voting the MPs must leave (покидать) their seats and go out in two corridors, called Lobbies. As they go out they are counted (подсчитывать) by four persons, two on each side (сторона). The process lasts (длиться) from ten to fifteen minutes before the figures (цифры) are announced. In Britain this method of voting is considered (считать) to be preferable (предпочтительный). The separation (разделение) of MPs into two groups, as they go out into Lobbies to vote gives time for passions (страсти) to cool down (остыть) and for tempers (вспыльчивость) to become calm (успокоиться). Упр. 4. Подберите окончание (а, в, с) к каждому из предложений 1. For voting in the House of Commons the MPs must: a) use an electronic system; b) raise their hands; c) go out into Lobbies. 2. As the MPs go out into Lobbies they are counted by: a) one person; b) three persons; c) four persons. 3. The British method of voting in Parliament is preferable because: a) it gives the MPs privileges; b) it calms down the MPs' passions; c) it takes only two or three minutes to announce the results. ТЕКСТ С Упр. 5. Переведите текст без словаря. THE HOUSE OF LORDS The House of Lords consists of Peers: Lords Spiritual (Духовные Лорды), Hereditary (наследственный) Peers, Life Peers, and Law Lords. |