Учебное пособие по английскому языку для факультета Международной журналистики Евроуровень B2 москва 2012 Учебное пособие Пособие по английскому языку для факультета Международной журналистики
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Exercise 1. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. a) The government spokesperson denied/refused that there was a crisis. b) Jane said me/told me there was nothing the matter. c) Peter persuaded me/insisted me to stay to dinner. d) The director of studies advised me/suggested me to spend more time in the library. e) Sheila explained me/warned me not to leave the heater on all night. f) The chairperson mentioned us/reminded us that time was extremely short. g) Bill answered them/replied them with a detailed description of his plans. h) Michael and Sarah announced/reported that they were going to get married, i) Paul accepted/expected that he had made a mistake, and apologised, j) The manager confirmed/reassured that our room had been reserved. Exercise 2. Rewrite each sentence in reported speech, using the verbs given in the appropriate verb form. Some may be negative. a) 'I think I'll take the brown pair/ said the customer. (decide) (decide) + (will) (say) + (will) b) 'Me? No, I didn't take Sue's calculator.' said Bob. (deny) c) 'Don't forget to buy some milk, Andy,' said Clare. (remind) (say) + (should) (remind) + (need) d) 'I'm sorry I couldn't come on Saturday,' said David. (say) + (could) (say) + (be able to) (apologise for) e) 'Why don't you go back to Singapore, Brian?' I said. (ask) + (do) (suggest) + (should) (suggest) f) 'Make sure you don't take the A20, Tim,' said Jack. (say) + (should) (warn) Exercise 3. Underline the most suitable word to complete each sentence. a) I thought Jim would say something about his new job. But he didn't mention/state/declare it. b) Sorry, I wasn't being insulting. I simply offered/reassured/remarked that you seem to have put on rather a lot of weight recently. c) The police requested/estimated/advised that the crowd was under 50,000, although the organisers of the march put it at nearer 100,000. d) The children complained/threatened/persuaded that their parents were always checking up on them. e) It has been objected/hoped/predicted that by the year 2050 some capital cities will be almost uninhabitable because of the effects of air pollution. f) During the months before Smith's transfer from City, it had been rumoured/doubted/threatened that he and the manager had come to blows in the dressing-room, though this was denied by the club. g) Brown forbade/recommended/claimed that the arresting officers had treated him roughly, and that one of them had punched him in the eye. h) An army spokesman stressed that all troops patrolling the streets had been denied/ordered/announced to issue clear warnings before firing any shots. i) Although he didn't say so directly, the Prime Minister told/ordered/suggested that an agreement between the two sides was within reach. j) The witness suggested/insisted/gave her name and address to the court before the cross-examination began. Exercise4. Complete the text with one word in each space. The case of the break-in at a Cambridge home entered its third day today. The accused's defence was based on the fact that he (1) not have entered the house at 6.30. He claimed (2) have been playing football at the time, and stated that several witnesses could confirm this. At this point, the prosecution (3) him of changing his story, as he had previously stated that he had been at home at the (4) of the break-in. The defendant agreed that his memory (5) not in the best of shape, as he had been (6) from bouts of depression. The judge stepped in, reminding the defendant that he (7) taken an oath to tell the truth, and warning (8) of the severe consequences of lying in court. The defendant said that he had simply forgotten (9) the football match, and insisted (10) he was not changing his story. Exercise 5. Using the information in the e-mail as a guide, complete each space in the letter with a verb. The first letters of the verbs have been given. TO: Roberts.hifi.co.uk FROM: Dave@electricalsupplies.com We are sorry that our computer ordering system went on the blink last week. Don't worry, the system is now up and running again, but we think goods will arrive 2 or 3 days late. I'd guess the goods you've just ordered should arrive round about Thursday. Thanks a lot for telling us about the problem with the ZP200. You'll be pleased to know the problem's been put right now. Re the exhibition you're organising, it seems you want to return any goods you don't sell. We're certainly interested, yes, but could I ask for more details before I let you know. Finally, just to tell you, as of 1st May our warehouse is now open 24 hours a day! Dear Mrs Henderson, We would like to (1) a… for the failure of our computer ordering system last week. Please (2) b… reassured that the system is now fully functional again. It is (3) a… that the goods ordered will be delayed by two or three working days. The (4) e… arrival time for your latest order is Thursday. We are grateful to you for (5) r… the defect in the ZP200 model. We are happy to (6) a… that the defect has now been remedied. You (7) m… the possibility of taking goods from us 'on sale or return' at an exhibition you are organising. We can certainly (8) c… our interest, but we would like to (9) r… further information before we commit ourselves to a decision. Please be (10) a… that as of 1 May our warehouse is now open 24 hours a day. Yours sincerely, David Smith. Unit 12. Technology. 12.1 Basic Vocabulary - see V1, V2 p.156 Additional Vocabulary Ex. P. – household appliances, a cash machine, labour-saving devices, clever gadgets (also: smart gadgets), a breathing apparatus. Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences, using active vocabulary. 1. На твоем месте я покупал бы только самые современные приборы, поскольку они удобные и долго служат. 2. Если бы ты вчера не нашел банкомат, мы бы сейчас были без наличных. 3. Если бы "умные" приборы и современные устройства заменили все устаревшую домашнюю технику, выполнение работы по дому занимало бы меньше времени. 4. Если бы дыхательный аппарат не был изобретен, дайвинг никогда бы не стал таким популярным. 5. Если бы современные "зеленые" технологии не были удобными для потребителей и не служили долго, люди до сих бы пользовались устаревшими приборами и устройствами. 6. Если бы не было банкоматов, нам бы не пришлось остерегаться беспринципных мошенников. 7. Если бы домашняя техника в прошлом веке была такая, как сейчас, домашние обязанности не были бы таким тяжким бременем. 8. Если бы современные экономящие труд устройства продавались по разумной цене, их производители получали бы гораздо большую выгоду. 9. Если бы ученые не совершили технологический прорыв, экономящие труд устройства и "умные" приборы не были бы такими долговечными и удобными для потребителей. 10. Если бы технические достижения прошлого века не проложили дорогу для самых современных технологий, многих "умных" приборов, экономящих труд устройств и домашней техники могло бы сейчас не существовать. 12.2, 12.3 Basic Vocabulary - see V3 p.156 Additional Vocabulary Ex.3 p. 124 self-sufficiency, close-knit community Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences, using active vocabulary. 1. Технофобам давно пора перестать относиться к современной технологиям с недоверием. 2. Если неравенство между большинством населения и маргинальными группами не будет ликвидировано, чувства вражды и изоляции будут сохраняться в обществе. 3. Хотел бы я, чтобы все неэффективные меры, принятые в результате плохого руководства, были отменены (start with I wish/If only). 4. Если бы не современные практичные экономящие труд устройства, было бы очень неудобно вести хозяйство. 5. Вчера ты вел себя так, как будто ты бесчувственный и эгоистичный. 6. Мой режим работы неудобный, хотел бы я иметь более гибкое расписание (I wish/if only). 7. Совету директоров пора положить конец неподобающему поведению некоторых менеджеров на работе. 8. Если бы не неточные прогнозы и плохое управление, мы бы не потеряли столько прибыли. 9. Хотелось бы мне, чтобы ты не проявлял свою враждебность и недоверие на переговорах (start with I'd rather). 10. Нам пора сменить свою устаревшую домашнюю технику на современную и износостойкую. 11. Если бы не самодостаточность нашего тесно сплоченного сообщества, мы бы чувствовали себя разочарованными и изолированными в этом враждебном мире. 12. Мотор у твоей машины никак не работает как следует. Хотел бы я, чтобы ты хоть раз послушал меня и отвез ее на ремонт (I wish). 13. Если бы современное компьютерное оборудование не было таким дорогим, больше людей могли бы позволить себе купить его. 14. Ты смотришь на него с таким недоверием и неприязнью, как будто он когда-то издевался над тобой, хотя он не такой бесчувственный, чтобы так поступать. Grammar Additional Explanations (Variations) • If only This adds emphasis to hypothetical situations. With past events it adds a sense of regret. The second part of the sentence is often left out. If only I had enough time! If only I hadn't drunk too much, this wouldn't have happened! • Unless and other alternatives to if Unless means only if not. I'll go ahead and get the tickets unless you call me this afternoon. (This means if you call me this afternoon, I won't get the tickets.) This means if one situation depends on another, if can be replaced by as/so long as, provided or only if. I'll do what you say provided the police are not informed. Even if describes how something will happen whatever the condition. Even if it rains, we'll still go for a picnic. • Should After if, this makes the possibility of an event seem unlikely. If you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (This implies that I do not expect you to see Ann.) • Were to This also makes an event seem more hypothetical. If I were to ask you to marry me, what would you say? • Happen to This emphasises chance possibilities. It is often used with should. If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? If you should happen to be passing, drop in for a cup of tea. • If it were not for/if it hadn 't been for/but for This describes how one event depends on another and must be followed by a noun form. If it weren't for Jim, this company would be in a mess. If it hadn't been for their goalkeeper, United would have lost. But for your help, we would have been in trouble. • Supposing, otherwise Supposing or suppose can replace if, mainly in everyday speech. Supposing you won the football pools, what would you do? Otherwise means 'or if not'. It can go at the beginning or end of the sentence. If you hadn't given us directions, we wouldn't have found the house. Thanks for your directions to the house. We wouldn't have found it otherwise. • It's time, it's high time These are followed by past simple or continuous, though the time referred to is unreal. It's time we left. It's high time I was going. • Wish Notice the past verb forms after wish. These are wishes where you want to change a present/future state. I wish I had a motorbike. (I don't have one now.) I wish you weren't leaving. (You are leaving.) I wish I was going on holiday with you next week. (I am not going.) Would after wish is used when the speaker wants somebody or something else to change. I wish he would change his mind and marry Jane. I wish it would stop raining. The use with would is often used to describe an annoying habit. I wish you wouldn't make such a mess. As with present wishes, the verb form after wish is one stage further back in the past. These are wishes referring to a past event, which cannot be changed. I wish I hadn't eaten so much. This use of wish is common after if only to express regrets. • I'd rather I'd rather is followed by past verb forms in the same way as wishes about the present. It expresses preference about actions. I'd rather you didn't smoke in here. Both I'd rather and I'd sooner are used with normal verb forms when comparing nouns or phrases. I'd rather be a sailor than a soldier, (present) I'd rather have lived in Ancient Greece than Ancient Rome, (past) • I'd prefer I'd prefer can be used in the same way, but note that prefer in this type of sentence has an object it. I'd prefer it if you didn't go. However, I'd prefer is not followed by an unreal verb form in other situations. I'd prefer tea to coffee. I'd prefer you to go swimming (rather than go jogging). • As if, as though Real and unreal The verb form here depends on whether the situation is true or unreal. You look as if you're having second thoughts. (True. He is having second thoughts.) He acts as if he were in charge. (Unreal. He isn't in charge.) I feel as if an express train had hit me. (It didn't hit me.) Note however, that the more colloquial like does not require this verb form change. Compare: You look like you've just seen a ghost You look as if you'd just seen a ghost. Exercise 1. Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate verb form. a) Now we're lost! If you (write down) Mary’s directions, this (not/happen). b) Why don't we emigrate? If we (live) in Australia, at least the weather (be) better! c) I'm afraid that Smith is a hardened criminal. If we (not/punish) him this time, he (only/commit) more crimes. d) Thanks to Dr Jones, I'm still alive! If it (not/be) for her, I (be) dead for certain. e) I'm sorry I can't lend you any money. You know that if I (have) it, I (lend) it to you. f) Don't be afraid. If you (touch) the dog, it (not/bite). g) In those days, if you (have) a job, you (be) lucky. h) It's always the same! If I (decide) to leave the office early, my boss (call) me after I've left! i) What a terrible thing to happen! Just think, if we (not/miss) the plane, we (kill) in the crash. j) Did you enjoy your meal? If you (finish) eating, I (clear away) the plates. |