В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник
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Прочитайте текст и определите, что составляет основные части автоматической системы. Даются ли в тексте функции каждого элемента системы? Озаглавьте текст. TEXT В We now use the term automation for specific techniques combined to operate automatically in a complete system. These techniques are possible because of electronic devices, most of which have come into use in the last thirty years. They include program, action, sensing or feedback, decision, and control elements as components of a complete system. The program elements determine what the system does and the step- by-step manner in which it works to produce the desired result. A program is a step-by-step sequence that breaks a task into its individual parts. Some steps in an industrial automation program direct other parts of the system when and how to carry out their jobs. The action elements are those which do the actual work. They may carry or convey materials to specific places at specific times or they may perform operations on the materials. The term mechanical handling device is also used for the action elements. Perhaps the most important part of an automated system is sensing or feedback. Sensing devices automatically check on parts of the manufacturing process such as the thickness of a sheet of steel or paper. This is called feedback because the instruments return or feed back this information to the central system control. The decision element is used to compare what is going on in the system with what should be going on, it receives information from the sensing devices and makes decisions necessary to maintain the system correctly. If some action is necessary the decision element can give instructions or commands to the system. The control element consists of devices to carry out the commands of the decision element. There may be many kinds of devices: valves that open or close, switches that control the flow of electricity, or regulators that change the voltage in various machines; they make the necessary corrections or adjustments to keep the system in conformity with its program. An industrial engineer working with automated systems is part of a team. Many components of the system, such as computers, are electronic devices so electronic engineers and technicians are also involved. Many of the industries in which automation has proved particularly suitable — chemicals, papermaking, metal processing — involve chemical processes, so there may be chemical engineers at work too. An industrial engineer with expertise in all these fields may become a systems engineer for automation projects thereby coordinating the activities of all the members of the team. DISCUSSION • Определите, какая из схем точнее отражает основное содержание текста.   Назовите функции каждого элемента автоматической системы по-русски. Ответьте на следующие вопросы. 1 .What are some elements of an automated system? What makes them possible? 2. What is a program? What does it do in an automated system? 3. Name two terms used to describe the elements which do the actual work. What are some jobs these elements may do? 4. What are some of the things sensing devices do? 5. How do sensing devices act on the information they receive? Why is the process sometimes called feedback? 6. What is the function of the decision element? What can it do? 7. What does the control element consist of? What can these devices do? What is their purpose? Логическая схема Ориентируясь на основные блоки схемы, составьте план сообщения по теме “Engineering”. Сделайте краткое сообщение на английском языке, ориентируясь на «подблоки» схемы. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING robots  flexible industries automation / \ raising reliability automatic transfer lines extending the service life compres sors automatic design systems strengthening treatment trends engines
^^•productSy^^ turbines reinforcing parts TEST Отметьте правильные вопросы к данному предложению. We shall graduate from the university in five years. V/hat did you graduate from? When will you graduate from the university? Are you graduating from the university? What will you graduate from in five years? Will you graduate from the university in five years? Выберите нужную форму глагола. All the achievements of modern science ... in modern production processes now. (will be used, are being used, will use, were used) When I came in he ... an article on internal combustion engines. (read, reads, was read, was reading) Scientific information... very rapidly at present, (will grow, is growing, is being grown) Выберите вариант, соответствующий выделенному слову в предложении. Что ты здесь делаешь? (do, were doing, are doing, did) Он пришел в лабораторию, когда испытывался новый тип карбюратора. (was tested, tested, was being tested, is being tested) В последнее время этот вопрос широко обсуждался в литературе, а сейчас готовится научная программа экспериментальных исследований, (prepares, is prepared, is preparing, is being prepared) Выберите нужный эквивалент для предложения. Modern factories of the machine-building industry have been recently constructed in this area. В этом районе были построены за последнее время современные заводы машиностроительной промышленности. Этот район за последнее время построил современные заводы машиностроительной промышленности. В этом районе за последнее время строятся современные заводы машиностроительной промышленности. Выберите нужную форму глагола. ... you ever... cars? 1. did ... test; 2. have ... tested; 3. will... test; 4. are ... tested. He a new experiment now. 1. has conducted; 2. is conducted; 3. is conducting; 4. will conduct ... the research already? 1. had ... been completed; 2. will ... be completed; 3. has... been completed; 4. is ... being completed At present great progress... in technical reequipment of automobile industry. 1. makes; 2. is making; 3. has made; 4. is being made Какой из английских эквивалентов будет соответствовать выделенной русской конструкции? Эта подвеска совсем не такая тяжелая, как та. (not so heavy as, as heavy as, not so quite heavy as) Топливное оборудование автомобиля такое же сложное, как электрооборудование, (not so complicated as, as complicated as, almost as complicated as) Отметьте английские предложения, эквивалентные данному русскому предложению. Наша лаборатория в два раза больше вашей. Our laboratory is two times larger than yours. Our laboratory is 15 years older than yours. Our laboratory is twice as large as yours. Our laboratory is not so large as yours. Выберите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола. All means of production ... been recently expanded in our country. (were, will, had, have) By 1998 he ... graduated from the Institute, (was, has, have, had) The University of Birmingham... founded in the 19th century, (had, has, was) Заполните пропуски в следующем тексте, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Mechanical Engineering and Machine-building Mechanical engineering is concerned with mechanisms, ... (gases, machines, air) and energy conversions and covers all manners of energy utilization with minimum pollution of the environment. It covers transport, machines and ... (bridge, manufacturing, engine) processes and the efficient use of mechanisms without excessive vibration and stresses. It covers materials and measurement and the processes of... (robot, welding, strengthening) treatment, and ... (reinforcing, tracing, raising) of the machine parts. All these aspects are connected with design, automation and ... (automation, motor, advanced) technology. The main branches of industry in Nizhny Novgorod are machine- building and metal ... (performing, processing, identifying) followed by chemical and oil refining industry. Machine-tool building and metal working industries are focused on metalware and tool products for machine-building industries as well as on production of consumer goods and tools. The leading part in the machine-building belongs to the plant ... (increasing, producing, moving) milling machines equipped with microprocessors. The policy of machine-building industry is aimed at raising ... (reliability, workpiece, monotony) of the production, extending the service... (work, development, life) of parts, increasing... (productivity, machine-tool, control). UNIT 5 ENGINEERING MATERIALS Step 1. A. Text A. Engineering Materials Active Vocabulary B. Text B. The Plastic Age Step 2. A. Text A. New Steels Meet Changing Needs Grammar Revision: 1. Причастие 2. Причастные обороты Active Vocabulary B. Text B. Non-Ferrous Metals Step 3. A. Text A. Plastics Grammar Revision: 1. Герундий 2. Сложный герундиальный оборот 3. Сопоставление причастия 1 и герундия Active Vocabulary В. Text В. Fibers Test Step 1 A |