В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник
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а) Сгруппируйте предложения в зависимости от употребления герундия. б) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Casting is a process of forming metal objects. 2. The open-hearth process is one of the most important methods of making steel. 3. Numerous methods have been developed for producing metal castings. The test needed increasing the temperature of the molten metal. 5. There are some ways of obtaining high quality alloys. 6. After pouring, the molten metal is allowed to solidify in a mold. 7. Aluminium has a melting point of 658,7°C. Переведите группы слов и предложения. Обратите внимание на употребление предлогов перед герундием: in — при; on, upon — по, после, при; by — путем, посредством, при помощи; without — без in building, in melting; on heating, on completing, on melting; by introducing; without employing, without machining In building new metallurgical works, engineers have to solve many different problems. 2. In melting steel, foundrymen use electric furnaces, crucible furnaces and converters. 3. Liquids and gases expand on heating. On completing the construction, the cupola was tested in operation. 5. Casting is a process of forming metal objects by melting metal and pouring it into molds. 6. By introducing new foundry methods the engineers improve the quality of castings and the speed of manufacture. 7. High- grade castings cannot be produced without employing electric furnaces. Most castings cannot be employed as parts of complex mechanisms without machining and finishing. Сложный герундиальный оборот Сравните: insist on his doing the work. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы он сделал эту работу. insist on Mr Black’s doing the work. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы мистер Блэк сделал эту работу. insist on his firm doing the work. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы его фирма сделала эту работу. Предложения с герундиальными оборотами образуются из простых предложений, одно из которых становится как бы матричным предложением, а второе сворачивается в герундиальный оборот и вставляется в матричное предложение. Учебник 1 CONTENTS 3 UNIT 1 12 TEXT A. SCHOOLS IN BRITAIN 13 DISCUSSION 21 В 22 TEXT В. HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN 23 DISCUSSION 24 TEXT A. BRITISH UNIVERSITIES 25 DISCUSSION 33 В 33 TEXT В. THE OPEN UNIVERSITY 34 DISCUSSION 34 TEXT A. THE BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY 35 В 43 TEXT В. THE UNIVERSITY OF WOLVERHAMPTON 44 DISCUSSION 44 UNIT 2 INVENTORS OF THE WORLD 48 Step 1 A 49 TEXT Л. HERO OF ALEXANDRIA 49 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 49 DISCUSSION 57 TEXT В. JAMES WATT 58 DISCUSSION 59 Step 2 А 59 TEXT A. FARADAY PUTS ELECTRICITY ТО WORK 59 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS LANGUAGE STUDY 60 В 62 TEXT В. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR 63 DISCUSSION 63 A 63 TEXT A. THE PIONEERS 64 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 64 DISCUSSION 67 В 68 TEXT В. HENRY FORD (1863-1947) 69 DISCUSSION 69 UNIT3 THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION 72 TEXT A. MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 73 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 73 DISCUSSION 79 В 80 TEXT В. EDUCATING TOMORROW’S ENGINEERS 80 DISCUSSION 81 A 81 TEXT A. THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION 82 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS LANGUAGE STUDY 83 DISCUSSION 87 В 88 DISCUSSION 90 TEXT Л. THE ESSENTIAL TRIANGLE 90 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 91 В 96 TEXT В. THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN MANUFACTURE 96 MACHINE-BUILDING 100 TEXT A. ENGINEERING 100 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 101 В 106 TEXT В. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 107 DISCUSSION 107 TEXT A. TRENDS IN THE MODERN MACHINE- BUILDING INDUSTRY 108 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 109 DISCUSSION 116 TEXT В. RELIABILITY 117 DISCUSSION 125 в 128 UNIT 5 ENGINEERING MATERIALS 132 Step 1 A 132 TEXT A. ENGINEERING MATERIALS 133 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS LANGUAGE STUDY 133 в 138 TEXT В. THE PLASTIC AGE 138 DISCUSSION 139 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 141 DISCUSSION 149 в 150 TEXT В. NON-FERROUS METALS 150 DISCUSSION 151 TEXT Л. PLASTICS 154 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 154 I V 156 DISCUSSION 166 UNIT 6 MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 172 Step 1 A 172 TEXT A. CHANGES IN MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 172 TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS 173 Your working at the plant helps you to know technical subjects better. To, что вы работаете на заводе, помогает вам лучше знать технические дисциплины. Найдите герундиальные обороты и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. We know of Newton’s having developed principles of mechanics. Mankind is interested in atomic energy being used only for peaceful purposes. 3. We know of Russian metallurgical industry having made a great progress. 4. We speak about cupolas being used for melting cast iron. Great attention is paid to the metal being heated to the proper temperature. 6. That sand molds are the oldest method for producing metal castings is a well-known fact. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Назовите формы герундия и его функции в предложении. 1. Melting may be done in cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces, etc. 2. Some metals require treatment before being placed in the melting furnace. 3. Carrying molten metal is usually performed in crane ladles. The most favourable characteristic of a sand casting is its retaining good strength at moderately elevated temperature. 5. Melting is very important in the production of high-quality castings. 6. We know of electric furnaces being used for the production of high-grade castings. A foundry cannot operate without employing proper foundry materials. Преобразуйте простые предложения в предложения с причастным оборотом, следуя модели. Model: Plastics are a large group of materials. This group consists of a combination of * different elements. Plastics are a large group of materials consisting of г. combination of different elements. Plastics are a group of new materials. These materials replace natural products. 2. Plastics achieve high toughness, lightness and strength. These properties win many significant applications for these materials. 3. A successful design in plastics is a compromise among highest performance, attractive appearance, efficient production and lowest cost. This compromise needs satisfying the mechanical requirement of the part, utilizing the most economical resin and meeting other requirements. 3. Сопоставление причастия I и герундия
10. Изучите таблицы и переведите предложения на русский язык. Скажите, являются ли ш£-формы причастием или герундием. 1. Heating the gas increases the speed of the molecules. 2. Having made the experiment, the research engineer recorded the data. 3. Translating from one language to another we can use electronic computers. 4. Translating from one language to another has been accomplished by an automatic computer. 5. The failure was due to the operator’s having been careless in using the instrument. 6. The cupola is the most generally used melting process for cast iron, the fuel economy being highest and ease of manipulation greatest. 7. The Bessemer converter is used in steelmaking. Cupola melting is continuous. 9. All non-ferrous alloys having a lower melting temperature than iron alloys are melted in crucible furnaces, open- flame furnaces and electric furnaces. 11. Найдите в тексте слова на -irtg и распределите их в таблицу.
Определите, какие из высказываний соответствуют содержанию текста. a) Plastics evolved as replacements for natural products, b) Plastics have evolved as replacements for natural products. a) Those people who considered plastics unreliable did not keep up with the developments in polymer technology in the past, b) Those people who consider plastics unreliable have not kept up with the developments in polymer technology for the past ten years. a) Plastics properties won many applications for these materials in the past, b) Plastics properties have won many applications for these materials. |