Аракин, 2 курс, решебник. Учебнику Практический курс английского языка
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Ex. XVI b), p. 116 Лондон утром В то утро, как это порой бывает, дым и поднимающийся над долиной Темзы туман решили сотворить для своего род ного Лондона, и особенно для старейшей его части. Сити, не сколько чудес. В такое утро Сити кажется волшебным местом. Все в нем окутано чуть светящейся дымкой, то серебристой, то тускло-золотой. Здания сохраняют свою форму, их можно пощупать — но они становятся невесомыми; они парят в воз духе подобно дворцам из сказок «Тысячи и одной ночи»; ка жется, что можно опрокинуть купол собора Св. Павла одним прикосновением указательного пальца, подвинуть назад ре зиденцию лорд-мэра, подбросить в небо колонну, воздвигну тую в память о пожаре 1666 г. В такое утро старинные церкви невозможно сосчитать: их становится больше, чем когда-либо было. Транспорта на улицах не меньше обычного: алый поток 40 Essential Course  двухэтажных автобусов все так же катится по древним, узким улочкам; тротуары по-прежнему заполнены толпой банковс ких курьеров, мальчишек-посыльных, полицейских, клерков, машинисток, швейцаров, членов правления компаний, секре тарш, жуликов, сплетников и сплетниц и просто праздноша тающихся. Но в такое утро все эти автобусы, такси, автофур гоны, грузовики, а также все пешеходы становятся как бы не вполне осязаемыми; они движутся словно под покровом тон чайшего газа и все одеты в бархат; их голоса звучат приглу шенно, а движутся они точно в замедленной съемке. Все че ресчур новое, вульгарное и глупое неким таинственным обра зом растворяется в особенно густых клубах тумана. А все, что сохранилось от былой древней красоты, остается, причем в идеальном освещении и в идеальной оправе. Стоит завернуть за угол, как кто-нибудь прошепчет вам одну-две строки из Чосера. Если посмотреть в такое утро на Темзу, то глазам от крывается и вовсе фантастическое зрелище: географии здесь больше нет, а есть одна лишь чистая поэзия; вода исчезает, и смутные силуэты из какого-то полного приключений сна скользят прямо по воздуху, мерцающему золотом и серебром. Вот каким бывает Сити в такое утро — это город из готичес кой сказки, видение или мираж. unit four Ex. I, p. 120 Pattern 1:1. Our mother is hardly ever able to go to the theatre./Our mother hardly ever goes to the theatre. 2. Our students are hardly ever able to listen to native English speech. 3. She is hardly ever able to get herself a new dress. 4. They are hardly able to spend their holiday at the seaside. 5. He is hardly ever able to refuse helping his friends. Pattern 3: 1. It will never do to stare at people. 2. The teacher said it would never do to hand in homework written carelessly./The teacher said that handing in work written carelessly would never do. 3. "I say, Turner, it will never do to treat your comrades/friends like that." 4. My mother said that it с) build — rebuild — 1. строить заново, восстанавливать; 2. перестраивать tell — retell — пересказывать construct — reconstruct — 1. реконструировать, перестра ивать; 2. восстанавливать, воссоздавать arm — rearm — перевооружать produce — reproduce — воспроизводить Ex. VIII, p. Ill Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police of London. For most people its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal. Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben. The name "Scotland Yard" originates from the plot of land adjoining Whitehall Palace where since about the 14th century the royalty and nobility of Scotland stayed when visiting the English Court. The popular nickname of the London policeman "bobby" is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel who introduced the police force in 1829 and whose Christian name attached itself to members of the force. Ex.X,p. 112 1. In the very centre of the City opposite the Bank of England is the statue of Wellington, the famous English general and statesman of the 19th century. Under his command the British troops and their allies defeated Napoleon's army at Waterloo in 1815. Waterloo Bridge, one of the most beautiful bridges across/j over the Thames was so named/named so in memory of thisj victory. 2. The Mall is a broad avenue, lined with trees/a broad, tree-lined avenue leading from Trafalgar Square to Buckingham] Palace, the Royal residence. Opposite the Palace (there) stands a huge monument with a statue of Victory at its top. This mo-j nument was erected/set up in memory/in honour of Queen Victoria whose sixty-four-year reign (1837—1901) was thi longest in history. 3. The Highgate Cemetery is famous for th< grave of Karl Marx who was buried there. In 1956 a monumen to Marx was erected/set up there funded/financed with thi donations/contributions that had been sent by workers from all over the world. would never do to let her do all the work alone. 5. It will never do to hurt animals. 6. "You have come unprepared again. It will never do," said the teacher./"Coming unprepared will never do," said the teacher. Ex. II, p. 120 1. She worked very little during the term and we all told her that she might fail at her examination. 2. It was hardly possible to let the boy stay at home alone because we all knew that he might make trouble if he did. 3. She worked too hard and her friends were afraid that she might fall ill. 4. The mother thought the boy might become a great pianist, and so she made him practise day and night. 5. We wanted to go and see our sick friend, but the doctor didn't allow that saying that we might catch the disease. Ex. Ill, p. 121 1. It is dangerous to keep the windows open during a thunderstorm. 2. She kept the door closed and didn't let anyone in. 3. Put the lemonade in the refrigerator to keep it cold. 4. The epidemic was at its height, and all the doctors of the town were kept busy. 5. Lput the tulips in the water to keep them fresh. 6. Keep your eyes open and your mouth shut. 7. This fur coat is sure to keep you warm in any frost. 8. What is the teacher to do to keep his pupils interested? Ex. IV, p. 121 1. It will never do to hurt those who are younger than you. 2. We are hardly ever able to go to the country on our days of f/at weekends. 3.1 told you that you might fall ill if you got your feet wet. 4. Keep the patient awake until the doctor comes. 5. It will never do to use the phone for silly jokes. 6. Keep the children busy and don't let them make noise while I am talking on the phone. 7. On such a hot day the windows should be kept open.
Ex. I, p. 130 A. 3. In reported speech one should say the mother, the father or his (her, etc.) mother, father, depending on the context, e. g. Jane said that her father was a lawyer. But: "The story/The author says that at the end of the day there were tears in the mother's eyes." On the other hand if it is the members of one family who are talking, a brother can say to a sister, "Father says that Mother isn't going to cook dinner today." В. 1. One can decorate
To trim is to decorate, especially round the edges. One can trim
2. The preposition on is used before the names of days and the parts of day when they are used with descriptive attributes. N.B. You can say both on that day (morning, etc.) and that day (morning, etc.), and on Saturday (Sunday, etc.) night and Saturday (Sunday, etc.) night. Ex. Ill, p. 131 1. Отцу пришло в голову/Отца осенило, что взять маму на рыбалку будет даже лучше, чем повезти ее кататься на маши не/чем прокатить ее на машине: ведь когда едешь на рыбал ку, у тебя есть четкая цель, так что удовольствие становится еще больше. 2. Отец попросил не обращать на него внимания и сказал, что он может преотлично остаться дома и пусть нас не смущает тот факт, что у него уже три года как не было на стоящего отпуска. Ex. Va)— b),p. 131
forming the Past Indefinite, the Past Participle and the Presenl Participle if г follows one vowel letter. Ex. VIII a), p. 132 1. to get smb. to do smth.; 2. to get. smth. arranged; 3. to get over a disease; 4. to get up and down; 5. to look away; 6. to occur to smb.; 7. to turn up; 8. a treat; 9. in the end; 10. to be able to afford smth./todosmth./doing smth.; 11. to keep on doing smth.; 12. to keep smb. from doing smth.; 13. to keep smth. back;
Ex. X, p. 133 1. What a treat it is to listen to her singing! 2. After the concert the children were treated to tea and cakes. 3. Turn off the radio, this music is getting on my nerves. 4. I turned the corner and ran into my old friend. 5. Why tu rn everything upside down to find some trifle? 6. The boy was treated for measles, but it turned out that he had scarlet fever. 7. The girl liked to be treated like an adult/a grown-up. 8. She couldn't keep the boy from pranks. 9. We had a very good time on the beach. It was great fun. 10. It didn't occur to David that he was keeping everybody waiting. 11. Children should be taught to treat animals kindly. 12. Who would have thought that she would become a talented actress? 13. Ah, so that's how you keep your word! 14. "Your friend is so full of fun." — "Oh, is he?/Oh, really? You know/Just fancy, it has never occurred to me before." 15. It occurred many years ago. She must have forgotten all about it./ She must have already forgotten everything. 16. What fun it is to play this game! 17. Robert's schoolmates made fun of his green suit. 18. What a funny hat! Ex. XII a), p. 133 1. Мы могли бы с тем же успехом потанцевать и сейчас. 2. Я бы предпочел взять такси. Я очень устал. 3. Недопусти мо/Нельзя наказывать ребенка за то, чего он не совершал. ■1. Если это в его силах, он никогда не заставляет себя ждать. 5. Мы должны помешать ему наломать дров/заварить кашу, в. Возьми мои перчатки, в них твои руки не замерзнут. 7. Что толку украшать эту старую шляпку, все равно она не станет выглядеть лучше. 8. К девяти часам у нас уже все было готово для поездки. 9. Мы сумели сделать так, что она поверила на шему рассказу. 10. Боюсь, что я весь день буду занята приго товлениями к вечеринке. 11. Нельзя оставлять детей на ули- i це после наступления темноты. 12. Если не хотите, чтобы вас оштрафовали, сохраняйте/не выбрасывайте билет до конца поездки. Ex. XIV, р. 134 1. The dress is just wonderful. It is very becoming to you. 2.1 haven't seen you for ages. How are you getting on? 3.1 liked the cake you treated me to. How do you make it? 4. Turn the page/ Turn over the page and do Exercise 3. 5. He turned out a very good story-teller. I enjoyed his stories immensely. 6. We shall discuss the matter on our way home. 7. I'm sure you'll get over all the difficulties in the end. 8. Pete didn't want to take his younger brother fishing, he was afraid that he would be in his way. 9. The students of Group 3 will help to decorate the hall with flowers and mottoes. 10. The father had promised to take the boys for a drive into the country on Sunday. But unfortunately the weather changed in the morning, and they had to stay (at) home. 11. Celia waved her hand to Lanny until the train was out of sight. 12. For such a big occasion all the children were dressed in their best. 13. When all the things were packed in a suit-case, it turned out that the ticket had somehow got there too, and I had to turn everything upside down in search of it. 14. The children were allowed to stay home from school as the mother's birthday was a great occasion for all the family. Ex. XV, p. 135 1. I'm so busy/I have so much work (to do)/I'm so snowed; under, that I just can't afford to waste/wasting (lose/losing) time. 2. Here's the hat I told you about. I'm sure it will be very becoming to you/it will become you very much. 3.1 can't imagine how you will manage to get over/to cope with aU these difficulties. 4.1 couldn't afford such an expensive present./I couldn't afford to buy/buying such an expensive present. 5.1 hope we will be able to get to the underground/subway station before it is closed. 6.1 have got a letter from him today. He writes that he has a lot of work to do and he is hardly ever able even to treat himself to going to the cinema. 7. You are getting up and down, coming in and going out all the time. It will never do to work like that. 8. We are having a party tomorrow, and I want to dress in my (very) best for the occasion. 9. Something has dropped out of my handbag (US purse), probably a pen. 10. He must have got everything arranged for the departure/for leaving. 11. Who would have thought that he had said it in/for fun? 12. Can't you get the child to go to bed in time? 13. The whole family had a great time in the country although the heroine of the day had to stay at home and cook dinner. 14. This colour is very becoming to you/becomes you very much. Ex. XVIII a), p. 135 Мне всегда казалось, что суть хорошего юмора в том, что бы он не колол и не жал ил/что главное в юморе — это его без вредность и беззлобность. Я готов признать, что всем нам в какой-то мере свойственно то поистине бесовское/то сатанин ское чувство юмора — оно же злорадство, — которым отлича лись наши предки и от которого так же невозможно избавить ся, как от первородного греха (то древнее, поистине бесовское чувство юмора, которым отличались наши предки, некая склонность радоваться чужим несчастьям, от которой так же невозможно избавиться, как от первородного греха). Вообще-то нам не должно быть смешно, когда человек — особенно если он толстый и важный — падает, поскользнувшись на банано вой кожуре. Но мы тем не менее потешаемся. Когда кто-ни будь катается по скованному льдом пруду, выписывая изящ ные круги и красуясь перед толпой зевак, и вдруг — раз! — проваливается в воду, все собравшиеся начинают вопить от восторга. Наш далекий пращур-дикарь находил происшествие особенно забавным, если поскользнувшийся ломал себе шею, а провалившийся под лед тонул. Могу себе представить, как группа пещерных людей стоит вокруг полыньи и надрывает ся от хохота. Если бы в те времена существовала такая вещь, как газета, то заметка об этом происшествии вышла бы под заголовком «Забавный случай. Неизвестный джентльмен про валивается под лед и тонет». Но под влиянием цивилизации наше чувство юмора при тупилось и такие происшествия стали смешить нас меньше. Ex. I, р. 144 a) breakfast['brekfast] porridge [' pDrid3] cornflakes [' к о: n П e i к s ] bacon ['beikan] toast [taust] (uncountable) fruit jelly [/rir.t' d3eli] juice [d3u:s] sufficient [s э' f i/(э) n t ] pudding [' pud in] stewed fruit [,stju:d ' fru:t] — компот substantial [sab'stasnfta)!] roast beef [,raust 'bi:f] omelet(te) ['nmlit] sausages [' so:sad3az] biscuit [' biskit] — печенье
fry — fried, fried, frying — жарить (насковороде) roast — roasted, roasted, roasting — жарить (наогне, вду ховкеит. п.) accompany — accompanied, accompanied, accompanying fill - filled, filled, filling bring — brought, brought, bringing
a sociable time — a time of friendly intercourse/socializing a housekeeping budget — the amount of money set aside to pay for food and other things needed in the home to go under various names — to be known under (many) different names social standing — position in society Ex. Ill a), p. 144 delicious (about food) — very tasty layer-cake — a cake consisting of several layers of dough separated by cream, jam, etc. oven [лу(э)п] — a closed box used for cooking napkin — a usually square piece of cloth or paper used for protecting one's clothes and for cleaning one's hands and lips during a meal a big eater — a person who eats a lot done to a turn — perfectly cooked, cooked neither too much nor too little seconds — 1. the second course of a meal; 2. another serving of the same food after you have eaten your first serving Ex. VI, p. 145 1. Take another helping of salad. 2.1 think I'll trouble you for another cup of tea. 3. Will you please pass on the sugar? 4. She is going to make some fish soup for dinner. 5. Marmalade is made from orange peel. 6. The egg is eaten with a small spoon. 7. Their meal consisted of two courses. 8. What can you recommend for the first course? 9. The meat is done to a turn. 10. No sugar for me, thank you. 11. At midday people have their meals at home or at/in the canteen. 12. Custard is made of eggs and milk. 13. The fish is just to my liking. 14. The evening meal goes under/by various names in England. 15. I don't take milk with my tea. 16. Help yourself to some pastry. 17. Broth is made hy boiling chicken. 18. Will you please hand over the salt-cellar? 19. What do you usually order for dessert? 20. The way to refuse a dish is by saying "No, thank you." 21. You may ask for a second helping. ^t |