английский язык. УМК_1 курс_неяз.спец. Unit getting acquainted. Text Rules of introduction. Grammar The verb To be
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Grammar: Pronouns.We use pronouns instead of nouns. Pronouns fall under the following groups: Personal: I, he, she, it, we, you, they. Personal pronouns have two cases. We do not have singular and plural forms of you. We can say “You are right” to someone we do not know at all or we know very well, to a child or to an adult. We use it for thing, to refer to animals, a baby of a child. We use he, she, who when we refer to pets, ships, cars, motorbikes, a country, if a reference is “affectionate”. Reflexive: myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourself (yourselves), themselves. We often use reflexive pronouns with the verbs: amuse, blame, cut, dry, enjoy, hurt, introduce. We can use reflexive pronouns after prepositions. Demonstrative: this (these), that (those), such, the same. Both this and that can be applied to persons or things. The pronoun same is always used with the definite article. Interrogative: who, whose, what, which. They are used to form special questions Who refer to human beings, what is usually refers to things (it may be applied to people when inquiring about their occupation). Which has a selective meaning. It may refer to persons or things. Ex. 5. Fill in the blanks with a personal pronouns. I see a teacher. I see ... . Please, read the letter, read ... . I know the boy, I know ... . I am glad to meet both Tom and Ann, I am glad to meet ... . Give me the book, give ... to me. I do not like Ann's brother, I do not like ... . Ex. 6. Insert a reflexive pronoun where necessary. He shaves ... every day. Go and wash .. . She washed ... quickly and went to prepare breakfast. He likes his wife to dress ... well. Behave ... ! You can not behave ... . The child fell and hurt ... badly. Ex. 7. Translate into English. Чьи это брюки? - Это мои брюки. Я принес вам важные новости. Кто-то постучал в дверь. Вы помните его? Какой это был мужественный человек. У нее прекрасные волосы. Они длинные и волнистые. Кто там? - Откройте, это я. Какие это были чудесные цветы. Достаточно, можете прекратить работу. Ex. 8. Translate into English. Кто знает этого человека. Кто из вас разбил эту вазу? Кого из них вы спрашивали об этом? Кого вы ждете? Кому вы дали свой словарь? Какой это цвет? На каком этаже вы живете? Кто этот высокий человек? Unit 6DWELLING. Text: The American Home. Grammar: Adverbs. Практические цели: Ознакомление с лексическим материалом по теме “Dwelling”. Ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом, развитие навыков изучающего чтения и перевода на основе текста “The American home”, развитие умений и навыков аудирования, просмотрового чтения. The American Home. American apartments are usually described as one-bedroom (studio apartments), two-bedroom or three-bedroom apartments. Two- and three-bedroom apartments usually have a connecting living-room; frequently they have two bathrooms. Virtually all apartments have built-in closets with doors, which are used instead of wardrobes. Frequently apartments are without lights but have several outlets for tables or floor lamps. The walls are often painted rather than wall-papered. The entrance generally is directly into the living room area; halls are rarely in evidence. Floors are generally covered with wall-to-wall carpeting. Apartment buildings usually have laundry facilities on the ground floor. Almost all apartments have refrigerators, most people now use microwave ovens which provide very convenient and fast cooking. Most apartments and houses have central thermostat which regulate the temperature. There are two types of apartments: a rented apartment and a condominium, which an individual owns rather than rents. In addition there are town-houses which are joint houses or apartments in a compact planned group in a town. Town-houses can be purchased or rented. Rented apartments can range from a few hundred to thousands of dollars per month. The purchase price of condominiums and town-houses can range from thirty thousand to hundreds of thousands of dollars. In the US the historical preference since the 1950's has been for people to purchase their own houses in the suburbs rather than in central areas of the cities. Private houses are the most expensive. Real estate firms advertise lands, houses and apartments and provide a market for buyers and sellers. The cost of private houses has escalated sharply in recent years and consequently people have sought to buy town houses and condominiums which generally are cheaper. A mobile home is the cheapest form of housing that can be purchased. Mobile homes can be moved from place to place by trucks. Mobile homes are located in special mobile home parks, which are sometimes called mobile villages. They are usually on the outskirts of cities. Retired people and young people with low income reside in mobile homes which can be purchased or rented. Topical vocabulary. building здание, сооружение, дом dwelling жилище, дом dwelling house жилой дом house дом, жилище, здание lodgings жилище home жилище, дом, домашний очаг 6. residential area район жилых зданий в городе 7. counsel house жилой дом, принадлежащий городскому совету 8. property собственность частная, мэрии, объект собственности, недвижимость buy a property купить недвижимость 9. condominium кондоминиум (одни из видов кооперативной собственности) 10. residence местожительство, большой жилой дом registration регистрация (подобно "прописке". но выбирается человеком по желанию в любом месте story/story (floor) этаж top floor последний этаж 11. move (v) переезжать housewarming party новоселье 12. block квартал 13. inhabitant жилец, обитатель 14.owner собственник, владелец landlord (landlady) владелец (владелица) дама (помещения), сдаваемого внаем 15. tenant (lodger) жилец 16. tenement снимаемый дом. Квартира tenement house дешевый многоквартирный дом host (hostess) хозяин (хозяйка), принимающий гостей boarding house пансион ( rooming house) decorate (v) отделывать (квартиру) interior designer (decorator) художник по интерьеру, дизайнер furnish (v) smth. обставлять (мебелью) well furnished хорошо обставленная arrange(v) furniture расставлять мебель rearrange переставлять 20. set (v) smth. устанавливать что-либо Ex. 1. Read and translate the text. Ex. 2. Answer the questions. How can American apartments usually be described? What rooms do they usually have? What is the most typical decoration of the apartments? Where are laundry facilities installed? What do they use to regulate the temperature? What are the two types of apartments? Can town-houses be purchased or rented? What is the purchase price of condominiums? 9. What houses are the most expensive? 10. What can you say about mobile homes? Ex. 3. Find Russian equivalents to the following: a studio apartment; 8. to purchase; a closet; 9. to range; an outlet; 10. to escalate; a floor lamp; 11.a mobile home; facility; 12. outskirts; a condominium; 13. to reside; a town-house; 14. to locate. Ex. 4. Translate from Russian into English. -У меня замечательная новость. Мы живем в новой квартире. У нас последний этаж. -Вид прекрасный, не так ли? -Да. Перед домом газоны. Много цветов и деревьев. -Счастлива слышать это. Сколько у вас комнат? -У нас четырех комнатная квартира. Комнаты большие и солнечные. У нас есть спальня, кабинет, гостиная, столовая и кухня. -А вся мебель новая? -Наша мебель вся новая и очень элегантная. -А что у вас в кабинете? -Первое, что вы видите, когда входите в комнату, это книжный шкаф. Он стоит у стены. -А что у вас в кухне? -Кухня очень удобная. Моя жена ее очень любит. -Жена готовит там? -Да. Обычно мы там и едим. -У вас есть стиральная машина и пылесос? -Да. Время от времени я чищу ковры. -О, Пит, ты хороший муж! Твоей жене повезло! -Да, и мне тоже. У нас хорошая квартира. У нас дома очень уютно. Приезжайте к нам сегодня вечером. Grammar: Adverbs. Kinds of adverbs: Manner: bravely, fast, happily, hard, well Place: by, down, here, near, there, up Time: now, soon, still, then, today, yet Frequency: always, never, occasionally, often, twice Sentence: certainly, definitely, luckily, surely Degree: fairly, hardly, rather, quite, too, very Interrogative: when, where, why Relative: when, where, why Form and use. The formation of adverbs with -ly Many adverbs of manner and some adverbs of degree are formed by adding to the corresponding adjectives: final, finally slow, slowly note that the adverb of good is well. Adjectives ending in -ly daily, weekly, monthly, kindly and sometimes leisurely can be adjectives or adverbs, but most other adjectives ending in -ly, e.g. friendly, likely, lonely etc., cannot be used as adverbs and have no adverb form. To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase: likely (adjective) probably (adverb) friendly (adjective) in a friendly way (adverb phrase) Some adverbs have a narrower meaning that their corresponding adjectives or differ from them. Coldly, coolly, hotly, warmly are used mainly of feelings: We received them coldly. They defined the accusation hotly. Ex. 5. Say whether the word in italics type is an adjective or an adverb. 1. The task was so easy that we did not need time to get prepared. 2. I could do it easily if I had the time. 3. He spoke loudly. 4. We heard a loud noise in the street. 5. We went straight to the city without stopping anywhere. 6. He looked at us with a perfectly straight face. 7. You would play better if you had a better instrument. 8. They have very little space for the garden. 9. He works more and better than he used to. 10. She is singing worse than usual. Ex. 6. Form adverbs from the given adjectives and nouns and make up your own sentences. Sweet, careful, real, slow, usual, day, calm, stupid, heroic, firm, loud, happy, safe, dry, gradual, soft, brave, hour. Ex. 7. Change the italicized noun into a verb and the italicized adjective into an adverb. Example: His answer was very quick.- He answered very quickly. 1. They gave a beautiful performance. 2. She gave me a formal answer. 3. His was a heroic action. 4. He gave an accurate description of the incident. 5. We heard their happy laugh in the room. 6. The actors got a warm greeting from the audience. Ex. 8. Translate into English, paying your attention to the italicized words. Choose the right word in the brackets. 1. Вы часто пропускаете занятия в последнее время. Они поздно ложатся спать. В том году была поздняя весна. (late, lately) 2. Что-то было не так. Он набрал не тот номер телефона. Он дал неправильный ответ. Она неправильно с ним поступила. (wrong, wrongly) 3. Мы едва знаем друг друга. Они упорно работали. Она упорный работник. (hard, hardly) 4. Мы почти опаздали на поезд. Рядом с нашим домом есть небольшое озеро. Он всегда интересовался историей Ближнего Востока. (near, neraly) Unit 7. DWELLING (II). Grammar: The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Практические цели: Обобщение и закрепление лексического материала по теме “Dwelling”, закрепление навыков устной речи и изложения текста, ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом. A View of the Dunes' House The Dunes' House was sixteen miles outside of Burlington, a narrow road was the only access to the property. We took a bus to get there. The bus turned off the main road before we reached the road to the Dunes' home, so we had to walk the last two miles. We stopped at the gate to the private road leading up to the Dunes' home. We sat on the rock and surveyed the peaceful surroundings. This place was so quiet, so beautiful. We turned up the drive and slowly climbed what we hoped would be the last mile to the house. Soon we were out of the forest and came into a clearing, so we could see the house across a broad expanse of lawn. It was an unusual house for the area. Instead of being one story high and spread out across the lawn, this one was compact and rose like a tower on the hill. From the windows you must have a view of the entire valley. It was a two-storied building with an attic. Its brick walls were plastered and whitewashed. It had a red tile roof and a deep veranda which ran along its front. There was a graveled driveway to a two-car garage which Was to the right of the house. One could see a wonderful orchard with blossoming apple-trees and a small vegetable garden near the house. Nobody was in sight. So we climbed the low concrete steps and rang the entrance door bell. |