110302_мет._проф_2018.docx1. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере для студентов направления подготовки
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Ann: How did he decide to become a programmer? David: Well, after being involved in programming since 1968, he bought one of PCs just appeared on the market. Just for fun. Ann: Really? And what happened later? How did his hobby make him famous? David: As far as I remember in 1982 at the age of 39 he left his job in the aerospace industry and founded his own firm «Peter Norton Computing». Ann: What was his business? David: His firm began to supply utilities for IBM-compatible PC. Ann: Was his company large? David: You will laugh to hear that the personnel consisted of one and the only man – Peter Norton himself. Ann: So funny! And what software did the company produce? David: Let me think … The main product at that time was THE NORTON UTILITIES BATCH which allowed the users to recreate lost data. Very soon Norton’s name became known to millions and his products became a «brand-name». Ann: By the way, I know that he is a bachelor of mathematics from the famous Berkeley University. David: And at that time he became and still is the presiding genius in the PC industry. For more than 20 years Norton has been saving people from catastrophes with computers. He enables them to manipulate data easily, protect from viruses and provides data security. Task 4.What did you find out about Peter Norton according to the text? Задание 4. Используя информацию из диалога, расскажите, что Вы узнали о Питере Нортоне. Task 5.Read the text and make your own dialog. Задание 5.Прочитайте текст. На основании информации из текста составьте диалог. Richard Wilton Currently a fellow in the Medical Informatics program at the University of California, Los Angeles, Richard Wilton (born in 1953) earned a M.D. from UCLA and completed his residency in pediatrics at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. He has been programming computers since the late 1960s and has worked with IBM mainframes as well as with various microcomputers. Wilton has written about IBM PC and PS/2 programming for BYTE, Computer language, and The Seybold Outlook on Professional Computing. He is the author of Programmer's Guide to PC and PS/2 Video Systems, published by Microsoft Press. Task 6.Read and explain how you understand the meaning of this statement. Задание 6. Прочитайте цитату и объясните, как Вы поняли ее смысл. "The whole of the developments and operations of analysis are now capable of being executed by machinery. ... As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of science." By Ada Lovelace Task7.Ask questions to the underlined words. Задание 7. Задайте вопросы к подчеркнутым членам предложения. 1. KonradZuse (1910-1995) was a construction engineer for the Henschel Aircraft Company in Berlin, Germany at the beginning of WWII. 2. KonradZuse earned the semiofficial title of "inventor of the modern computer" for his series of automatic calculators, which he invented to help him with his engineering calculations. 3. KonradZuse realized that an automatic-calculator device would require three basic elements: a control, a memory, and a calculator for the arithmetic. 4. In 1936, Zuse made a mechanical calculator called the Z1, the first binary computer. Zuse's ideas succeeded more with each Z prototype. 5. In 1939, Zuse completed the Z2, the first fully functioning electro-mechanical computer. Task 8. Read translate and discuss the text. Задание 8. Прочитайте отрывок текста и сообщите, о каком программисте идет речь, что он изобрел и важно ли, с Вашей точки зрения, его изобретение. Steve Russell, nickname "Slug", said the following words: «If I hadn't done it, someone would have done something equally exciting if not better in the next six months. I just happened to get there first». It was in 1962 when a young computer programmer from MIT, Steve Russell led the team that created the first computer game. It took the team about 200 man-hours to write the first version of Spacewar. Spacewar was a two-player game involving warning spaceships firing torpedoes. Each player could manoeuver a spaceship and score by firing missiles at his opponent while avoiding the gravitational pull of the sun. It still holds today up as a great way to waste a few hours. Task9.Translate the text in written form. Задание 9.Письменно переведите следующий текст. Famous Scots - Charles Macintosh (1766-1843) Born on 29 December 1766 in Glasgow, the son of a well-known dyer, he took an early interest in science. In 1786 he started work in a chemical factory and in 1797 he opened the first alum works in Scotland. Together with Charles Tennant, he invented an easily carried bleaching powder which made a considerable fortune for the two men. He also invented a conversion process which used carbon gases to convert iron to steel which was much faster than the method used up until that time. Another invention was a hot blast process. But it was his researches in chemistry and as the inventor of waterproof clothing which added his name to the English dictionary. While trying to find uses for waste products generated by gasworks, he used naphtha, a by-product of the distillation of coal-tar, as a solvent for rubber. This was applied to two pieces of cloth which were then pressed together. Despite early problems with the strong smell of rubber, the patent he took out on the process in 1823 meant that by 1836 "Macintoshes" were much in demand. Although other forms of waterproof clothing have been developed since, his name is often used to describe them - including the "plastic mac". Macintosh was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1823 and he died on 25 July, 1843. Task 10. Write up a report about one of the famous inventors, programmers and discuss it in the group. Задание 10. Приготовьте доклад об одном из известных изобретателей, программистов и обсудите его в группе. Методическая литература 1. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык»: аннотирование и реферирование, для студентов вторых курсов технических специальностей. Ставрополь2015 г. 2.Учебное пособие. Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации для студентов института информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций. Ставрополь 2018 г. 3.Иностранный язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: методические рекомендации по организации самостоятельной работы студентов направления 11.03.02.Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи. Профиль подготовки - Сети связи и системы коммутации (английский) / сост. ; ФГАОУ ВО Сев.-Кав. федер. ун-т. - Ставрополь: СКФУ, 2017. - с., экземпляров неограниченно. http://catalog.ncfu.ru/catalog/ncfu Ресурсы информационно-телекоммуникационной сети «Интернет» http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/ глоссарий.содержащий более 950 лингвистических терминов с перекрестными ссылками и списком источников (SIL International). Ред. Е. Е. Loos, S.Anderson. D.H.Day Jr., P.C.Jourdan, J.D.Wingate. http:// biblioclub.ru – Университетская библиотека онлайн/ http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/ LinguisticDataConsortium: лингвистический сайт университета Пенсильвании; http://orlapubs.org/ORLAPTJBS-L/L81.html электронные учебные материалы по отдельным вопросам лингвистики и грамматики. http://www.cal.org/ericcll/faqs/RGOs/linguistics.html сайт Центра прикладной лингвистики (the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Lingu-stics, the Center for Applied Linguistics). Предоставляет материалы для изучающих иностранные языки и теорию языка. http://www.rsl.ru – Российская государственная библиотека. LESSON 5 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Task 1. Answer the following questions. Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы. ACOMPUTERQUIZ What computer system makes it possible to send letters very quickly? What system allows computer users around the world to send and to obtain information? What programs provide colourful pictures and sound? What is the name of a computer-created "world", which seems almost completely real? What is a special term, which means "to obtain stored information from a computer's memory"? What do we call a disk on which a large quantity of information can be stored? What do you call a sudden, unexpected computer failure? What is the term for the electrical or electronic components of a computer? What do we call a large collection of data that is stored in a computer system? What is the term for a set of instructions secretly put into a computer that destroys the information stored in it and stops it from working normally? Where on the Internet can you look for information about products and services offered by a company or organisation? What is WWW? What store of information can you easily put into your pocket? What do we call a set of computer programs to control the operation of a computer? What kind of computer can you use on the plane? Task 2. Read the text and explain what «hardware», «software» and «firmware» mean. Задание2. Прочитайте текст и объясните значение терминов «hardware», «software» and «firmware». HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE The UNITs that are visible in any computer are the physical components of a data processing system, or hardware. Thus, the input, storage, processing and control devices are hardware. Not visible is the software — the set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation that make possible the effective operation of the computer system. Software programs are of two types: systems software and applications software. Systems software is the programs designed to control the operation of a computer system. They do not solve specific problems. They are written to assist people in the use of the computer system by performing tasks, such as controlling all of the operations required, to move data into and out of a computer and all of the steps in executing an application program. The person who prepares systems software is referred to as a systems programmer. Systems programmers are highly trained specialists and important members of the architectural team. Applications software is the programs written to solve specific problems (applications), such as payroll, inventory control, and investment analysis. The word program usually refers to an application program, and the word programmer is usually a person who prepares applications software. Firmware is a term that is commonly used to describe certain programs that are stored in ROM. Firmware often refers to a sequence of instructions (software) that is substituted for hardware. For example, in an instance where cost is more important than performance, the computer system architect might decide not to use special electronic circuits (hardware) to multiply two numbers, but instead write instructions (software) to cause the machine to accomplish the same function by repeated use of circuits already designed to perform addition. Often programs, particularly systems software, are stored in an area of memory not used for applications software. These protected programs are stored in an area of memory called read-only memory (ROM), which can be read from but not written on. Task 3.Answer the following questions. Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы. 1.What is hardware? 2.Give the definition of software. 3.What are the types of software? 4.What are systems software? 5.What kind of tasks does systems software perform? 6.Who prepares systems software? 7.What are applications software? 8.What problems does applications software solve? 9.What is firmware? 10.How can a computer system architect use firmware? Task4.Find the meaning of these expressions in the text. Задание 4. Найдите в тексте перевод следующих словосочетаний. Видимые устройства; система обработки данных; аппаратное обеспечение; набор компьютерных программ; соответствующая документация; эффективная работа; системное программное обеспечение; прикладное программное обеспечение; системный программист; платежная ведомость; переучет; анализ инвестиций; прикладная программа; работающий только в режиме чтения; постоянное запоминающее устройство; последовательность команд; в случае; производительность; электронная цепь; умножать числа; заставить машину выполнять ту же функцию; выполнять сложение. Task 5. Translate these word combinations from English into Russian. Задание 5. Переведите следующие словосочетания с английского на русский язык. Architecture: communication architecture; computer architecture; disk architecture; microprocessor architecture; network architecture; security architecture; system architecture; virtual architecture. Software: system software; application software; database software; disk software; educational software; game software; management software; simulation software. Hardware: computer hardware; device hardware; display hardware; memory hardware; mouse hardware; network hardware; system hardware; video hardware. Procedure: accounting procedure; computational procedure; control procedure; data-processing procedure; decision procedure; error-correcting procedure; formatting procedure; installation procedure; management procedure; solution procedure. Protection: computer protection; data protection; device protection; display protection; error protection; hardware protection; software protection; resource protection; security protection; system protection; virus protection. Task 6.Find 8 words connected with «Computer Studies». Задание 6.Найдите 8 слов по теме «Computer Studies».
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