Учебнометодическое пособие по формированию грамматической компетенции (английский язык) для студентов второго образовательного уровня

Название	Учебнометодическое пособие по формированию грамматической компетенции (английский язык) для студентов второго образовательного уровня
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Reported Speech

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную в английском языке необходимо соблюдать следующие правила:

1. меняются по смыслу личные, указательные и притяжательные местоимения: She said: “I don’t know where my key is”. – She said she didn’t know where her key was.
2. применяется правило согласования времен, то есть все времена «сдвигаются» на один план назад:

Present Simple – Past Simple: writes - wrote

Present Continuous – Past Continuous: is writing - was writing

Present Perfect – Past Perfect: has written – had written

Past simple – Past Perfect: wrote - had written

will – would: will write – would write; can – could
3. изменяются обстоятельства времени:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
today	that day
here	there
yesterday	the day before
now	then
tomorrow	the next day
last year	the year before
ago	before
next	the following
this	that

4. Утвердительные предложения при переводе в косвенную речь вводятся словами said/told + that + замена времени + местоимение по смыслу + наречие: She said:” I saw this film”. – She said that she had seen that film.
5. Специальные вопросы вводятся словом asked + прямой порядок слов: She asked: “When do you go there?”. – She asked when I went there.
6. Общие вопросы вводятся словом asked + if +прямой порядок слов: She asked: “Have you seen this film?” – She asked if I had seen that film.
7. глагол, стоящий в повелительном наклонении в прямой речи, переводится в косвенную речь с помощью инфинитива:

She asked: “Open the door”. – She asked to open the door.

She said: “Don’t open the door, please”. – She asked not to open the door.
Не путайте глаголы say and tell!

Tell употребляется, если указан адресат сообщения (кому?):

E.g. He told me that he loved Mary.

Say непосредственно передает сообщение (что?):

E.g. She said that they were happy together.

8. Глаголы для перевода прямой речи в косвенную

1. Verb + object + infinitive .She asked me to come.

Other verbs with the same pattern are:

advise, beg, encourage, invite, order, persuade, remind, warn

2 Verb (+ that)+ clause

She says (that) she doesn't want to speak to you.

Other verbs with the same pattern are: say, claim, admit, explain, promise

3. Verb + object (+ that) + clause

He told us (that) he worked for a big international company.

Other verbs with the same pattern are: remind, warn

4. Verb + gerund

He admitted lying to the teacher.

Other verbs with the same pattern are: admit, deny, recommend, suggest

Note: verbs in groups 2, 3 and 4 can also be used with that + clause.

He admitted that he had lied.

5. Verb + preposition + gerund

She apologized for being so rude.

She discouraged me from taking up smoking.

Other verbs with the same pattern are:

accuse (of), apologize (for), blame (for), congratulate (on),discourage (from), insist (on)

6. Verb + infinitive

We agreed to meet again in September.

Other verbs with the same pattern are: agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse and threaten

Exercises
1. Finish the sentences using Reported speech.

Example:

Peter: "Don't clean the black shoes."

Peter told me not to clean the black shoes.

1. Karen: "Don't play football in the garden." Karen told me…..

2. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework." The teacher told me…..

3. Mark: "Don't shout at Peter." Mark told me…..

4. Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbor." Yvonne told me-…..

5. Denise: "Don't open this door." Denise told me…..

6. Marcel: "Don't sing that song." Marcel told me…..

7. Jana: "Don't go to the cinema." Jana told me…..

8. Dominique: "Don't ring Roomy on Sunday." Dominique told me…..

9. John: "Mandy is at home." John said that…..

10. Max: "I often read a book."Max told me that…..

11. Susan: "I'm watching TV." Susan said that…..

12. Simon: "David was ill." Simon said that…..

13. Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows." Stephen and Claire told me that…..

14. Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework."Charles remarked that…..

15. Mr. Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old." Mr. Jones told me that…..

16. Jean: "The boss must sign the letter. Jean said that…..

17. Emily: "My teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow. Emily said that…..

18. Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday." Helen told me that…..

19. Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert said that…..

20. Michael: "I'm going to read a book this week." Michael told me that…..

21. Jason: "I'll do my best in the exams tomorrow." Jason told me that…..

22. Andrew: "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew said to me that…...

23. Alice: "I spent all my pocket money last Monday." Alice complained that…

24. David: "John had already gone at six. David said that…..
2. Finish the sentences using Reported speech.

Example:

Peter: "Clean the black shoes."

Peter told me to clean the black shoes.

1. Teacher: "Do your homework." The teacher told me…..

2. Andrew: "Clean the blue bike." Andrew told me…..

3. Jessica: "Write a letter." Jessica told me…..

4. Nelly: "Help Peter's sister." Nelly told me…..

5. Anna: "Open the window."Anna told me…..

6. Ben: "Come home at 8." Ben told me…..

7. Tom: "Dance with me."Tom told me…..

8. Sabine: "Meet Sandy at the station." Sabine told me…..

1. Karen: "Don't play football in the garden." Karen told me…..

2. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework." The teacher told me…..

3. Mark: "Don't shout at Peter." Mark told me…..

4. Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbor." Yvonne told me…..

5. Denise: "Don't open this door." Denise told me…..

6. Marcel: "Don't sing that song." Marcel told me…..

7. Jana: "Don't go to the cinema." Jana told me…..

8. Dominique: "Don't ring Roomy on Sunday." Dominique told me…..
3. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes not necessary.

Example:

Peter: "I clean the black shoes."

Peter told me that he cleaned the black shoes.

1. Christopher: "Do you want to dance?"   Christopher asked me…..

2. Betty: "When did you come?"   Betty asked me…..

3. Mark: "Has John arrived?" Mark asked me…..

4. Ronald: "Where does Maria park her car?"  Ronald asked me…..

5. Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"   Elisabeth asked me…..

6. Mandy: "Can I help you?"   Mandy asked me…..

7. Andrew: "Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?"   Andrew asked me…..

8. Justin: "What are you doing?"   Justin asked me…..

9. Mandy: "Are you reading that book now?" Yesterday Mandy asked me…..

10. Jason: "Who gave you the book yesterday?" Yesterday Jason asked me…..

11. Robert: "Are you leaving next Friday?" Yesterday Robert asked me…...

12. Daniel: "Do you think it will rain tomorrow?" Yesterday Daniel asked me…

13. Jennifer: "Where do you play football today?" Yesterday Jennifer asked me

14. Nancy: "Why didn't you go to New York last summer?" Yesterday Nancy asked me…

15. Barbara: "Must I do the homework this week?" Yesterday Barbara asked me

16. Linda: "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?" Yesterday Linda asked me
4. Report the following statements using one of the reporting verbs.

1. “I'm so sorry that I was late.”

2. “Don't touch that chair. It's just been painted!”

3. “I will do my homework after the film, honestly!”

4. ”Why don't we go to the beach for a swim?”

5. “I'm not going to the party.”

6. “You stole that money.”

7. “Don't forget to get Paula a birthday present.”

8. “I'll take you to the airport if you like.”

9. “Yes, it's true. I did lie about my age.”

10. “I'll tell a teacher if you don't put it back.”

11. “Please can you translate this sentence for me?'”Maria said to Mark.

12. “Don't forget to send Aunt Maud a birthday card,” Mary said to her son.

13. “Sign on the dotted line,” the postman said to me.

14. “Please, please, please marry me. I can't live without you,” John said to Moira.

15. “Please come to our wedding, ” John said to his boss.

16. ''I’ll pay for the next round,' Mark said.

17. 'Don't run round the edge of the swimming pool or you'll fall in,' Mary said to her children.

18. “I won't go to bed!” Bobby said.

19. “You should talk to your solicitor,' ”Ben said to Bill.

20. “Take that chewing gum out of your mouth immediately!”the teacher said to Jo.

5. Transform the sentences.

Example:

Where are you studying?

Susan asked where I was studying.

Did you go to the airport last week?

The porter wanted to know if I had gone to the airport the week before.

Have you ever been to Tokyo?
How is your nephew now?
Haven't you finished reading the novel yet?
Has Bob got good marks at school?
Why don't you believe me?
Why didn't you get up earlier?
Can you tell me what the time is?
He didn't say anything about it.
Did it give you much trouble?

Who came to see me?
Do you have your meals at home?
Is she truly happy with him?
Doesn't the roast veal smell good?
Is there any space left in your trunk?
Who has not finished yet?
Do you think it will rain tomorrow?
How do you like my new hat?
How far is it from London to Coventry?
Have you anything else to tell me?
What is it?
Who can explain that to me?
Will this boat be safe enough?
Was she able to do it?
Why is she so angry?
How long will you be away?

6. Transform according to the model.

Example:

1) He asked, "Shall we need more bricks tomorrow? “

He wonderedif they would need more bricks the following day.
2) He asked, "Shall I learn the words?”

He asked if he shouldlearn the words.

He asked if he was tolearn the words.

He asked, "Shall we have some cake on Sunday?”
She asked, "Shall I put the new dress on?”
She asked, "Shall we travel by air or by sea?”
Mary asked, "Shall I marry George?”
Fred asked, "Shall we be coming back soon?”
He asked, "Shall I take part in the meeting next Monday?”
Susan asked, "Shall I help you pack your luggage?”
The Frenchman asked, "Shall we have time to visit the Houses of Parliament?"
Paul asked Fred, "Shall we buy your sister-in-law a birthday present?”

He asked, "Shall we know her answer tomorrow?”
George asked his father, "Shall I leave my case in the left luggage office?”
She asked, "Shall I go there alone?".
Mary asked Doris, "Shall I show you how to do it?”
Cecil asked, "Do you think I shall understand it?”
George asked, "Shall I finish my exercise at home?”
Bob asked, "Shall we go to the boxing match?”
The painter asked, "Shall I whitewash the kitchen?”
Harry asked, "Shall we be back on time?" (= punctually)
Anthony asked Bob, "Shall I see you tomorrow at the club?"
He asked, "Shall I eat it raw?"

7. Transform the sentences.

Example:

1) Mr. Smith said, "Leave the room, Bob!"

Mr. Smith told Bob to leave the room.

2) The nurse said, "Go away!"

The nurse ordered me to go away.

Tom said, "Stop quarrelling!"
The manager said, "Work faster!"
She said, "Take off your shoes!"
The teacher said, "Sit down, children!"
He said, "Put on your coat, Charles!"
She said, "Eat your dinner up!"
Dolly said, "Turn off the light!"
The clerk said, "Pay at once!"

9. Mary said, "Behave you!"

Mother said to Doris, "Clean your shoes properly!"
The lawyer said, "Write your name clearly under the document!"
Graham said, "Wait at the main entrance of the university at six o'clock!"
Mother said, "Do your buttons up, Bernie!"
He said, "Write down these instructions!"
Father said, "Mind your backs, please!"
Charles said, "You must try again and again!"
The bus conductor said, "Hold on tight!"
Tom said, "Tear up that letter, Evelyn!"
Mary said, "Clear that rubbish away!"

20. He said, "Wake him up!”
8. Transform the sentences.

Example:

1) Susan said, "Don't be silly, John!"

Susan told John not to be silly.

2) The doorman said, "Don't open the door before six o'clock!"

The doorman told Charles not to open the door before six o'clock.

He said, "Don't switch on the light!"
She said, "Don't forget to set the alarm clock!"
Ann said, "Don't put your feet on the table!"
The director said, "Don't be late tomorrow!"
Ben said, "Don't lose your temper!"
Brian said to her, "Don't look round!"
He said, "Don't be afraid of her!"
Billy said, "Don't use these poor paint-brushes, Lionel!"

Grandfather said, "Don't spend all your money on drink and cinema-going, Gerry!"
Tom said, "Don't throw the paper away! I haven't read it yet."
The chairman said, "Don't miss our meeting next week!"
Mary said, "Don't get up until you are called!"
She said to him, "Don't fall off the ladder!"
Mother said, "Don't spill anything on this new tablecloth!"
Peter said, "Don't go by that train!"
I said, "Don't ask me any questions!"
I said to them, "Don't be so noisy!"
The maid said to the children, "Don't spoil the new carpet with your dirty shoes!"
She said to him, "Don't pull up the flowers instead of the weeds!"20. Brian said, "Don't fold the paper!"

She said to them, "Don't whisper!"

22. He said to her, "Don't look at me like that!"
9. Transform direct speech into indirect speech.

I said, "I’m sure he took the key by mistake."
You said to him, "Don’t come until you finish your job.
"Are you going to wait for me till tomorrow?" my brother asked me.
He told me not to open the door of the classroom before the lesson was over.
"Come and see me when you pass the exams," Susan said to her friends.
"Have you bought a new hat?" Jane said to Ann.
"Have you shined your shoes?" Bill said to his son.
"When will you marry him?" Mary said to Jane.
He said that he would do it the next day.
My father said to me, "Why did you come home so late yesterday?"
The teacher said to me, "You must attend classes twice a week."
I said to Mary, "Do you know the way to the airport?"
They said to George, "Come and see us tomorrow, please."
He asked if he would manage to get there before it started to rain.
The old woman said to us, "Did you switch off the light?"
He said to me, "I saw John at the meeting yesterday."
My brother said to me, "Where are you to meet Nick?"
The teacher said to his pupils, "Learn this poem by heart for tomorrow."
I asked him if he had made many mistakes in the previous test.
Bob asked his brother, "Did you play football yesterday?"
I asked my friend, "When is Annie going to arrive?"
"I can’t do that if you don’t join me," Roy said to his friend.
He said, "Bob, translate the article as soon as you can."
I asked Kate why she hadn’t taken the books back to the library yet.
"Who told you about his arrival?" Bill said to his friend.
"You didn’t invite us to your place last week," my friend said to me.
He said to me, "Take these books to the library."
John said to her, "Must I give her all your money?"
He asked me when I had returned from London.
"Why didn’t you come in time?" Kate said to John.
My landlady said, "Are you going to pay for the room?"
The teacher said to them, "If you want to know languages well, you’ll have to work much."
Mother said, "Don’t make so much noise, John."
He said that he didn’t know where the boy was.
He said, "Did Tom meet you at the airport ten days ago?"
"If you aren’t busy I shall invite you to the cinema," John said to me.
I asked Ann, "When will you wear your new dress?"
He said to me, "Don’t let the children go out if it rains."
I asked my son why he had missed so many lessons.
Bill said to his brother, "Will you ring her up when you learn about it?"
Paul said, "She wants to do all the work herself but I don’t think she can."
He said to her, "What are you going to do next weekend?"
Tom said, "You can use my papers if you need."
Helen wanted to know how many mistakes John had made in his test.
"Do you always have your breakfast in a hurry?" he asked John.
The teacher said, "We shall see a new film tomorrow."
I said to my friend, "Meet me at six o’clock, please."
"How long are you going to keep this book?" John said to Mary.
The doctor asked the patient if he had had headache the previous day.
My mother asked: "Did you see the Browns last week?"
"What are you laughing at, Peter?" John said.
"I want something to drink," Jane said to me.

53. "Change the wheel," the driver said to us.

My mother told me not to forget to buy ice-cream on my way home.
"Have you read many English books this month?" the teacher said to the students.
"When did you give him my address?" Kate asked them.
"Take me to the best hotel," John said to the driver.
"I know they want to go with me," I said to my daughter.
He said that he was taking his children to the zoo the next day.
He asked his friend, "Where can the students master speech habits?
Nick asked, "Do you find English films interesting?"
Ann said, "I’m sure all of us are ready to take an active part in the discussion of the book."
He said to me. "Give me the papers to check them again.
My mother asked why I had stayed at my friends so long.
Ann asked, "How many departments are there at your faculty?"
He asked Nick, "Can I borrow this book from our library?"
"I don’t understand the rules of the game," he said to me.
I said to Bob: "Go and fetch some chalk."
John said that David hadn’t had lunch.

10. Report the questions.

He asked Helen, "How many times a week do you attend your sports society?"
Where are you studying?
Susan asked where I was studying.
Did you go to the airport last week?
The porter wanted to know if I had gone to the airport the week before.
Have you ever been to Tokyo?
How is your nephew now?
Haven't you finished reading the novel yet?
Has Bob got good marks at school?
Why don't you believe me?
Why didn't you get up earlier?
Can you tell me what the time is?
He didn't say anything about it.
Did it give you much trouble?
Who came to see me?
Do you have your meals at home?
Is she truly happy with him?
Doesn't the roast veal smell good?
Is there any space left in your trunk?
Who has not finished yet?
Do you think it will rain tomorrow?
How do you like my new hat?
How far is it from London to Coventry?
Have you anything else to tell me?
What is it?
Who can explain that to me?
Will this boat be safe enough?
Was she able to do it?
Why is she so angry?
How long will you be away?

11. Report the questions.

Example:

He asked, "Shall we need more bricks tomorrow?”

He wonderedif they would need more bricks the following day.

1. He asked, "Shall I learn the words?”

2. He asked if he should learn the words.

3. He asked if he was to learn the words.

4. He asked, "Shall we have some cake on Sunday?”

5. She asked, "Shall I put the new dress on?”

6. She asked, "Shall we travel by air or by sea?"

7. Mary asked, "Shall I marry George?"

8. Fred asked, "Shall we be coming back soon?"

9. He asked, "Shall I take part in the meeting next Monday?"

Susan asked, "Shall I help you pack your luggage?"
The Frenchman asked, "Shall we have time to visit the Houses of the Parliament?"
Paul asked Fred, "Shall we buy your sister-in-law a birthday present?"

13. He asked, "Shall we know her answer tomorrow?"

14. George asked his father, "Shall I leave my case in the left luggage office?"

15. She asked, "Shall I go there alone?".

16. Mary asked Doris, "Shall I show you how to do it?"

17. Cecil asked, "Do you think I shall understand it?"

18. George asked, "Shall I finish my exercise at home?"

19. Bob asked, "Shall we go to the boxing match?"

20. The painter asked, "Shall I whitewash the kitchen?"

Harry asked, "Shall we be back on time?" (= punctually)
Anthony asked Bob, "Shall I see you tomorrow at the club?"
He asked, "Shall I eat it raw?"

LIST OF LITERATURE USED

Богуславская Г. П. и др. Практическая грамматика английского языка. II курс. Мн.: Высш. шк., 1992.
Каушанская В. Л. и др. Сборник упражнений по грамматике английского языка. Л.: Просвещение, 1968.
Collins Cobuild. English Grammar Exercises. - Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., 1991.
Collins Cobuild. Student's Grammar. - Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., 1991.
Firman S., Bosewitz 'Penguin Students' Grammar of English Exercises» Penguin English, 1988.
Hewings M. 'Advanced grammar in Use'. - Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students. - Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Schrampfer Azar B. 'Understanding and Using English Grammar'. – Prentice Hall regents, 1990.
Simkhovich V. A. English Grammar in Communication. - Мн.: НКФ «Экаперспектива», 1995.
Swan M., Walter C. How English Works. A grammar Practice Book. - Oxford University Press, 1997.
Thomson A. S., Martinet A. V. A Practical English Grammar. - Oxford University Press, 1986.
Round Up 5. Grammar Book, Longman, 1994.

Галина Алексеевна Краснощекова

Ольга Геннадьевна Мельник

Татьяна Александровна Нечаева

Маргарита Евгеньевна Пахомкина

Guided Grammar II

Учебно-методическое пособие

по формированию иноязычной компетенции в грамматике студентов 3-4 курсов

(II образовательного уровня) технических специальностей для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы (английский язык)
Ответственный за выпуск: Г.А.Краснощекова

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