английский язык. УМК_1 курс_неяз.спец. Unit getting acquainted. Text Rules of introduction. Grammar The verb To be
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Unit 4.EDUCATION IN BRITAIN Text: Studying at university. Grammar: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Практические цели: ознакомление с лексическим материалом по теме « Higher Education in Britain», развитие умений и навыков разговорной речи по теме «Education», введение и тренировка грамматической темы The Present Perfect Continuous Tense, развитие навыков монологической речи по теме. Studying at university.If you to go to university, you must first pass examinations that most students take at the age of eighteen(called “A”levels). Most students take three “A” levels, three examinations in three different subjects. And they must do well in order to get a place at university because universities choose their students after interviews, and competition for places at university is fierce. If you get a place at university, the tuition is free, and some students also get a grant from their Local Education authority. The grants cover tuition fees and some of the living expenses. The amount depends on the parents income. If the parents do not earn much money, their children will receive a full grant which will cover all their expenses. Students at university are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree. Most university courses last three years, some courses last four years. During this period students can say that they are doing history, or doing for a degree in history. When they finish the course and pass their examinations or finals, they receive a degree ( the qualification when you complete a university course successfully). When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate. Some students then go on to do a second course or degree. These students are then postgraduates. There are usually three possible degrees: MA (Master of arts) – usually one year Mphil (Master of philosophy) – usually two years PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) – at least three years Most 18-19 year- olds in Britain are fairly independent people, and when the time come to pick a college they usually choose one far away from home as possible. Many students in northern and Scottish universities come from the south of England. It is very unusual for university students to live at home. Although parents may be a little sad to see this happen, they usually approve of the move, and see it necessary part of becoming an adult. When they first arrive at college, first year university students are called ”freshers”. A freshers’ life can be exciting for the first week. During the first week, all the clubs and societies hold a freshers’ “fair” during which they try to persuade the new students to join their society. The freshers are told that it is important for them to come into contact with many activities during their time at university, but the choice can be a bit overwhelming. Often freshers will live in a hall of Residence on or near the college campus, although they may move out into a rented room in their second or third year, or share a house with friends. On the day that lectures start, groups of freshers are often seen walking around huge campuses, a worried look on their faces. They also learn a new way of studying. There are regular seminars, at which they read their papers. The paper then discussed by the tutor and the rest of group. Once or twice a term students will have a tutorial and they see a tutor alone to discuss their work. Topical vocabulary 1. to enter university поступать 2. to pass examinations сдавать экзамены 3. to obtain получать, приобретать 4. fierce жесткий tuition обучение expenses расходы income доход to last длиться, продолжаться to do subject изучать предмет to carry out research проводить исследования to give a lecture читать лекций to take notes вести конспекты fairly довольно to approve одобрять fresher первокурсник, новичок exciting захватывающий campus территория университета to persuade убеждать entirely всецело Ex.1.Suggest the Russian for: 1.fierce 2.to pass examinations 3.to obtain 4. tuition 5.fee 6.expenses 7.undergraduates 8.postgraduates 9. to do research on 10.to do a lecture 11. entirely 12.campus 13.to approve 14.adult 15.fresher 16.to persuade 17.exciting Ex.2.Match the words and phrases in column A with those in column B A B 1.adult вести конспекты 2. to approve территория университета 3. campus взрослый 4.tuition убеждать 5. to persuade захватывающий 6.exciting одобрять 7. entirely обучение 8. to take notes доход 9. income всецело Ex.3.Find the required synonyms to the following words and phrases. A B 1. to enter university to get 2. to obtain to go to university 3. teaching to do a lecture 4. to last to do research on 5. to do subject tuition 6.to carry out research to go on for 7.to give a lecture to study subject Ex.4.What do we call: 1.the money some students receive if they get a place at university? 2.the qualification you get at the end of university? 3.the name we give students during the first period at university? 4. teachers at university? 5. students when they have completed their first degree? 6.students studying for a second degree? 7.the study of one subject in great depth and detail, often to get new information? 8. the talks that students go to while they are at university? Ex.5. Translate into English. 1.Не очень то просто поступить в университеты Англии. 2. В основном принимают туда хорошо подготовленных студентов. 3.Студенты первых курсов живут в студенческом общежитии. 4. Некоторые студенты получают грант от местных властей. 5. В большинстве случаев возраст поступающих 18 лет.6. По окончании первой степени вы являетесь выпускником. Ex.6.Answer the questions on the text and summarize the text. 1. How can you enter university in England? 2. How long do university courses last? 3. When do students receive a degree? 4. How many degrees are there? 5. Why do 18 and 19 olds choose a college as far away from home as possible? 6.Where do often freshers live? 7.What do all the clubs and societies do to persuade the new students to join their society? 8. How often do they have seminars and tutorials? 9. What do students do at seminars? Grammar: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
I’ve been working He’s been working I haven’t been working He hasn’t been working The Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Inclusive: denotes an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and still going on. It is usually used with: -since, for I have been learning English for 10 years.(It is rendered in Russian by the present.) Exclusive: denotes an action which was recently in progress, but is no longer going on at the present moment. There are puddles everywhere. It has been raining hard. Ex.7.Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous. 1.I (work) on this problem for two months.2. She (sleep) all this time? 3. “Are there any news about your latest project?” – “I just (tell) about it.” 4. He says he (not/ feel) well for the past week. 5. I (not/ sleep) well for months. 6.We (see) each other regularly since the party at Helen’s.7. “Jack isn’t working now.” – “He (not/work) for years.” Ex.8.Make up sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous. Example: Suzy is in her riding boots (she/ride) – She has been riding. 1.Have a rest now.(you /work too hard/ lately) ... ... ... 2.You are shivering(you / stand / in this cold / long?)... ... ... 3.Her hands are red and wet. (she / scrub /the floors / for three hours)... ... ... 4.The children are quite voiceless.(they / sing at the top of their voices/ since morning ) Ex.9. Translate into English. 1. Ты давно меня ждешь? 2.Как давно у вас болит нога? 3. Он занимается уже три часа. 4.Я учу испанский с сентября. 5. Анна ищет работу шесть месяцев. 6.Мой брат курит десять лет. 7. Они работают в Манчестере с 1 марта. 8.С какого возраста ты играешь в шахматы? 9. Как давно вы живете в этом городе? Ex.10.Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous. 1. He had barely entered the room when his secretary said: ” Somebody (ring) for you for the last five minutes.” 2. I (read) Shakespeare in your absence and now I (try) to learn this beautiful sonnet. 3.”What the children (do)? ”- “ They (play) games all morning and now they (learn) to tell time by the position of the sun.”4. Many people believe that our climate (change) very markedly. 5. I (collect) the pictures with bridges since I graduated from the University. Unit 5 EDUCATION IN THE USA Text: Education in the USA. Grammar: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Практические цели: ознакомление с лексическим материалом по теме « Education in USA», развитие умений и навыков разговорной речи по теме «Education», закрепление и тренировка грамматической темы The Past Perfect Continuous Tense, развитие навыков монологической речи по теме. Education in the USA. Over 57 mln students are enrolled in American schools. Americans place a high value on education for themselves and for their children. Universal access to high quality education has been one of the nation’s historic goals. More than 100 years before signing the Declaration of Independence, European settlers in Massachusetts passed laws requiring all communities to hire school masters. American’s first college, Harvard was founded in Massachusetts in 1636 and in 1865 education was becoming available to all. There are the varieties of schools in America now: public and private, large and small, urban and rural, traditional and experimental, academic, vocational and comprehensive. Educational system of the USA consists of : Preschool education, Elementary school, Secondary school and Higher education. Preschool education : The school year is usually nine months, from early September to mid – June. A child’s introduction to formal education is usually in kindergarten classes operated in most public school systems. Many systems also provide nursery schools. The age group is commonly four and five years. These preschool education programs maintain a close relationship with the home and parents, and aim to give children useful experiences which will prepare them for elementary school. Elementary school: The main purpose of elementary school is the general intellectual and social development of the child from 6 to 12 or 15 years of age. Carricula vary with the organization and educational aims of individual schools and communities. Promotion from one grade to the next is based on the pupil’s achievement of specified skills in reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, history, geography, music and art. Secondary school: Most pupils follow a course that includes English, science, social studies, mathematics and physical education. Elective subjects may be chosen in the fields of foreign languages, fine arts and vocational training. Most young Americans graduate from school with a high school diploma upon satisfactory completion of a specified number of courses. Students are usually graded from A (excellent) to F (failing) in each course they take on the basis of performance in tests given at intervals throughout the year, participation in class discussions and completion of written and oral assignments. Locally developed end-of-the-year examinations are given in many schools. Some states, as New York, give statewide examinations which are prepared by the state department of education. After graduating from secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on to higher education. American institutions of higher education include: technical training schools, community colleges, colleges offering four-year bachelor degree programmes and universities which contain one or more colleges and graduate schools offering master’s or doctoral degree programmes. The factors determining an institution’s prestige are the quality of the teaching faculty, quality of research facilities, the number and competence of applicants for admission. Topical vocabulary. 1.to enroll зачислять 2. value оценка 3.access доступ 4.law закон, право 5.to hire нанимать 6.to found основывать 7. urban городской 8.rural сельский 9.to consist (of) состоять (из) 10.kindergarten детский сад 11.social общественный 12.to vary меняться 13.promotion продвижение 14.achievement достижение 15.throughout везде 16.assignment задание 17.to determine решать 18.applicant абитуриент 19.admission зачисление 20.purpose цель 21.bachelior’s degree степень бакалавра 22.master’s degree степень магистра Ex.1. Suggest the Russian for: 1.to enroll 2. vary 3. promotion from one grade 4. law 5. rural 6. pupil’ achievement 7. urban 8. to hire 9.to consist (of) 10.in kindergarten classes 11.social 12. a high value 13. universal access 14.to found 15. admission 16.the main purpose Ex.2. Match the following words and expressions from column A with those in column B. 1.social development степень магистра 2.to consist of был основан 3. achievement of specified skills цель 4.to graduate from степень бакалавра 5.was founded достижение определенных навыков 6. purpose состоять из 7.bachelior’s degree общественное развитие 8.master’s degree доступ 9.access окончить Ex.3 .Fill in the gaps with the words given in brackets. 1. The school year lasts usually ... ... . from early September to mid – June. 2. The age group is commonly .... years. 3. These preschool education programs maintain a close relationship with ... ... , and aim to give children useful experiences which will ... them for elementary school. 4.The main purpose of elementary school is the development ... ... of the child from 6 to 12 or 15 years of age. 5. Promotion from one ... to the next is based on the pupil’s achievement of specified skills in reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, history, geography, music and art. 6. Most young Americans ... from school with a ... school diploma upon satisfactory completion of a specified number of courses. 7 .Some states, as New York, give statewide examinations which are prepared by... ..... 8.After graduating from secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on ... .... 9. Curricula ... with the organization and educational aims of individual schools and communities. the state department of education, vary, general intellectual and social , graduate, to higher education, four and five, high, nine months, prepare, grade ,the home and parents Ex.4. Translate into English. 1.Школьный год обычно длиться 9 месяцев. 2.Перевод ученика с одного класса на другой основывается на его достижений определенных навыков по чтению, по арифметике, по историй, по географий. 3.Основная цель начальной школы – интеллектуальное и общественное развитие ребенка. 4.Учащиеся должны завершить несколько учебных курсов, чтобы получить документ об окончании школы.5.Каждый курс состоит из четырех или пяти предметов, и учащиеся изучают его в течение года. |