Вступний фонетикоорфоепічний курс вступ

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Exercise 2. Write out the underlined words to your vocabulary and translate them. (Use the medical dictionary.)

Exercise 3. Make up a dialog about vitamins with your fellow student. Use the text from Exercise 1.

Exercise 4. Speak about every vitamin and its uses. (Look at the text "Vitamins: Their Uses".)
Exercise 5. Memorize pieces of advice from the text "Vitamins: Six Cooking Tips".
LESSON SIXTEEN

I	Control Test
TT	Grammar	1. Дієслово у Present Continuous (§54).
11		2. Способи перекладу слова one (§55).
		3. Годинник (§56).
	Suffixes	(n.) -cian
	Prefixes	un-, in-/im-/ir-/il-
III	Independent Work	Grammar Exercises

I. Control Test Variant 1

Exercise 1. Give the plural forms of the nouns.

Knife, foot, dress, plate, game, city, boy, man, box, heart, liver, doctor, child, body, fish.

Exercise 2. Translate the beginnings of the sentences into English.

1. 
   Серце людини складається of four chambers.
   
2. 
   Серцева перегородка ділить the heart into the left and right heart.
   

1. 
   Артерії несуть the blood from the heart.
   
2. 
   Між лівим передсердям and the ventricle there is the mitral valve.
   
3. 
   Серце знаходиться between the lungs in the chest.
   

Exercise 3. Put all possible questions to the sentence.

My friend knows everything about this problem.

Exercise 4. Change Present Indefinite into Past Indefinite. Make all necessary changes.

1. 
   I study at the medical school now.
   
2. 
   He speaks English at today's lesson.
   
3. 
   My mother likes my cake.
   
4. 
   She puts her bag on the table.
   

Exercise 5. Answer the questions.

1. 
   How does one take a pulse?
   
2. 
   What must the nurse note when she takes the patient's pulse?
   

Variant 2

Exercise 1. Put the verbs into Past Indefinite.

Work, look, close, examine, make, give, take, put, open, write, read, speak, come, go, begin.

Exercise 2. Translate the beginnings of the sentences into English.

1. 
   Легені, серце і стравохід are internal organs of the chest.
   
2. 
   Печінка - це найбільший і найважчий орган in the human body.
   
3. 
   Дві нирки знаходяться behind the abdominal cavity.
   
4. 
   Печінка руйнує poisons and bacteria which get into the blood.
   
5. 
   Кожен внутрішній орган людського тіла plays a specific role in the organism.
   

Exercise 3. Put all possible questions to the sentence.

She has wanted to be a nurse since her childhood.

Exercise 4. Change Past Indefinite into Present Indefinite. Make all necessary changes.

1. 
   Last year 1 went to the seaside.
   
2. 
   Yesterday my teacher spoke about the USA.
   
3. 
   On Monday he wrote a dictation.
   
4. 
   I put my books on the shelf last Sunday.
   

Exercise 5. Answer the questions.

1. 
   How does one check blood pressure?
   
2. 
   What must the nurse note when she checks the patient's BP?
   

II. Grammar

Present Continuous or Simple?

A. Now or sometimes?

Look at these examples and compare:

Present Continuous	Present Simple
We use the Present Continuous Tense to denote something happening now. I'm painting a picture means that I am in the middle of doing it. It's raining at the moment. Don't switch off the TV. I'm watching it. Look! That man is taking a photo of you.	We use the Present Simple Tense for repeated actions. /paint pictures means that I do it again and again. It always rains at the weekend. I watch television most evenings. Jeremy is a photographer. He takes photos for a newspaper.

B.Thoughts, feelings and states

We normally use the Present Simple with verbs of thinking and feeling:

/ think you 're right.

Julia likes her job.

He wants a new bike. We also use it to talk about states and permanent facts:

/ know Jane quite well.

Paris lies on the river Seine.

C.Temporary or permanent?

Compare:

Present Continuous	Present Simple
We use the Present Continuous for a routine or a situation that we see as temporary, for a short period: I'm working at a sports shop for six weeks. At the moment they re living in a very small fiat.	We use the Present Simple for a routine or a situation that we see as permanent: / work at a sports shop. It's a permanent job. They live in a very nice flat.

D. The Present Continuous with 'always':

In this special pattern always means 'very often' or 'too often':

Peter is always inviting his friends here. (He very often invites them.)

I'm always making silly mistakes. (I make silly mistakes too often.) Always with the Present Simple means 'every time':

Peter always invites his parents to stay at Christmas.

I always make silly mistakes when I'm taking an exam.

Notes:

compare [knm'pes] порівнювати state [steif] стан

permanent [рз:тзпзпі] постійний temporary ['tempsrsri] тимчасовий routine [ru:'ti:n] заведений порядок mean [mi:n] означати waste time [weist] марнувати час

outside [,aot'said] надворі garage ['g£era:3] гараж cost [kost] коштувати slam [slaem] грюкати

take time off work - не виходити на роботу politely [рз'їаіііі] чемно argue ['a:gju:] сперечатися

Exercise 1. Present Continuous or Simple? (see A, B)

Complete the conversation between two students. Put in the Present Continuous or Simple of the verbs below.

Duncan: Are you waitingfor someone?

Paul: Yes - for Neil. We walkhome together most days. We ¹ in the same street.

Duncan: I'm not sure, but 1² he ³ to Mr Davis about something.

Paul: Yes, 1⁴ . He told me. What about you? What ⁵ here?

Duncan: I ⁶. for the secretary. I can't find her anywhere.

Paul: She isn't here today. She only ⁷ two days a week.

Duncan: Oh, of course. 1⁸ my time then.

(live, think, talk, know, do, look, work, waste)

Exercise 2. Present Continuous or Simple? (seeA-C) Complete the sentences. Put in the verbs below. I'm writingto my parents. I writeto them every week

1. 
   It outside. It down quite hard, look.
   
2. 
   Normally I work at eight o'clock, but I at seven this week. We're very busy
   

just now.

3. Usually I two newspapers, but not the same ones every day. On Sundays I four

or five.

4. We . a garage next to our house. We . somewhere to put the

car.

5.1 haven't got a car at the moment, so I to work by bus this week. Usually I to

work.

6. 
   The sun in the east, remember. It's behind us, so we west.
   
7. 
   We camping every year. It's a good cheap holiday. Hotels too much.
   

(1. snow, come; 2. start, start; 3. read, buy; 4. build, want; 5. go, drive; 6. rise, travel; 7. go, cost)

Exercise 3. Present Continuous or Simple with always (see D). Rewrite the sentences with always. Model:

That boy talks too much. He s always talking.

You slam the door after you every time. You always slam the door after you.

1. 
   Mrs. James leaves early every day.
   
2. 
   You lose your keys very often.
   
3. 
   You take time off work too often.
   
4. 
   I go the wrong way here every time.
   
5. 
   Liz thanks me politely every time.
   
6. 
   The Bensons argue so much.
   

Exercise 4. Write down the time.

15.45; 2.10; 4.12; 8.43; 7.20; 1.10; 13.30; 8.30; 16.25; 12.52.

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Mind the meaning of one.

1. 
   I see one student in the lab.
   
2. 
   If one wants a thing done, one would better do it himself.
   
3. 
   I want a large box, not a small one.
   
4. 
   One may ask any questions after the lecture.
   
5. 
   The laboratory tables are higher than usual ones.
   
6. 
   One can see one heart, one gullet and two lungs in the chest.
   

Exercise 6. The suffix -ian means national attitude, profession or status. Translate the words, pay attention to the suffix.

Physician, academician. Ukrainian. Italian. Australian, pediatrician, obstetrician.

Exercise 7. Read the words with different prefixes of opposition.

Unnecessary, unimportant, unusual; impossible, impurity; immobile; irregular, irrecognizable, irremissible; illegal, illegible, illiberal; indefinite, invitation, inofficial.

LESSON SEVENTEEN

I	Speaking	First Medical Aid (Part I)
II	Grammar Suffixes Prefixes	1. Дієслово у Past Continuous (§57). 2. Поняття про інфінітив (§58). 3. Прийменники і сполучники часу after, till, for, as, since, before (§59) (n.) -ity, -en mal-
III	Independent Work	The Strange Doctor

I. Speaking: First Medical Aid (Part I)

Exercise 1. Phonetic exercise. Read the phrases, pay attention to the verb to be.

• 
  Can you close the window, please? I^m cold.
  
• 
  Ilm 32 years old. My sister is 29.
  
• 
  My brother is a policeman. He^s very tall.
  
• 
  John is afraid of dogs.
  
• 
  It?s 10 o'clock. You're late again.
  
• 
  Ann and I are very good friends.
  
• 
  My shoes are_very dirty. I must clean them.
  
• 
  Ilm tired but Ilm not hungry.
  
• 
  Tom isn't interested in politics.
  
• 
  Jane isn't at home at the moment. She^s_at work.
  
• 
  Those people aren't English. They're Australian.
  

Exercise 2. Read and learn the following words, help [help] допомога aid [eid] допомога care [кез] допомога, турбота victim ['viktim] жертва, потерпілий accident ['aeksidsnt] нещасний випадок emergency [i'im:d33nsi] аварійний; екстрений bleeding ['blhdirj] кровотеча poison ['poizn] отрута breathing ['brhoin] дихання injury ['indpri] пошкодження, травма available [a'veitabl] доступний involve [in'volv] охоплювати, залучати reassure [гіз'/шз] заспокоювати; запевняти, переконувати relieve [ri'lhv] заспокоювати require [rik'waia] потребувати, мати потребу urgent [^-3:d39nt] невідкладний, терміновий shock [fbk] шок prevent [pri'vent] запобігати

hurt [пзД] заподіяти шкоду; поранити; завдати болю; рана; біль; пошкодження swelling f'swelirj] набряк
Exercise 3. Learn the following word combinations.

first aid - перша допомога

sudden illness - раптова недуга

save our souls - врятуйте наші душі, "SOS"

additional problems - додаткові проблеми

to be calm - бути спокійним

act without panic - діяти без паніки

moving the victim - транспортування потерпілого

life-threatening - життєнебезпечний, що загрожує життю

consult the doctor - відвідати лікаря

X-ray examination - рентген
Exercise 4. Read and translate the text. Memorize the conditions requiring first aid.
First Aid

Everybody must know how to give first aid. First aid is immediate care rendered to a victim of an accident, sudden illness, or other medical emergency.

Proper first aid can save a victim's life, especially if the victim is bleeding heavily, has stopped breathing or has been poisoned.

First aid also can prevent the development of additional medical problems that might result from injur)' or illness.

The person who gives first aid must have the best knowledge of it. He must be calm and act without panic.

Treatment should be continued until professional medical help is available. First aid also involves reassuring the victim, releiving the pain, and moving the victim, if necessary, to a hospital or a clinic.

Remember: "SOS" means "Save Our Souls".

The general steps to take in any situation requiring first aid include the following:

1. 
   call a local emergency medical service or a doctor;
   
2. 
   provide urgent care (for life-threatening emergencies);
   
3. 
   examine the victim for injuries;
   
4. 
   treat the victim for shock.
   

Here is a list of conditions requiring first aid: asphyxiation [ajs.fiksi'eijh] ядуха, асфіксія hemorrhage ['петзгіаз] крововилив; кровотеча

bee (sting) ['bi:'stirj] бджолиний укус hyperthermia [,Ьаірє'6з:тіз] перегрівання

bleeding [bli:din] кровотеча hypothermia [,паірзо'8з:тіз] переохолодження

blister [blists] пухир nosebleed [ nsozblhd] носова кровотеча

bruise [bru:z] забій, синець poison [poizn] отрута

burn [Ьз:п] опік rabies [reibi:z] сказ, водобоязнь

cuts [Lvts] порізи shock [Tok] шок

dislocation [,disbo'keiJh] вивих snakebite [sneikbait] зміїний укус

drowning ['draonirj] утеплення stroke [straok] удар, параліч

fainting [feintirj] зомління sunburn ['sAnb3:n] сонячний опік

fracture ['fhektjs] перелом unconsciousness [лп ktmjssnas] непритомність
frostbite ['frostbait] обмороження

Exercise 5. Find English equivalents in the text.

Надавати першу допомогу, врятуйте наші душі, могло бути результатом по­шкодження, бути повністю обізнаним, негайна медична допомога (екстрена), доступна, життєнебезпечний, полегшення/зменшення болю, заспокоєння потерпілого, транспор­тування потерпілого, додаткові проблеми, діяти без паніки, надати невідкладну допомогу, врятувати життя людини.