Вступний фонетикоорфоепічний курс вступ
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§ 24). 1. One must look after one's health. 2. The patient looks tired. One has to look into the problem. 3. Does he look like his brother? 4. Why does she look ill? 5. Look at the table on page 17. 5. The former looks like the mother and the latter like the father. 6. The dog looked at the bone. It likes bones very much. Exercise 8. Ask questions for the underlined words.
III. Independent Work: Indoor Activities or Home Interests Exersice 1. Read the word combinations and translate them. Doing things: reading; listening to records, tapes or to the radio; watching television; entertaining friends; playing games (e.g. chess or cards); painting; mending things. Making things: models, needlework (e.g. sewing), knitting, crocheting, weaving, making carpets, making lace), singing or playing musical instruments (e.g. piano, guitar, violin), cooking and baking, home decorating and repairing. Collecting things: stamps, postcards, maps, coins, beermats, bottles, tins, old china, autographs, books, butterflies, shells, crystals and other things. Learning things: learning foreign languages, learning to play a musical instrument, studying music, art, literature or other subjects. Exercise 2. Name the activities which we can do with our eyes, ears, brain, hands, feet. LESSON NINE
I. Speaking: Internal Organs Exercise 1. Read the following words. Human body, trunk, limb, extremity, upper, lower, to consist of, to contain the brain, skull, forehead, mouth, lip, cheek, chin, external, internal, gum, tooth (teeth), tongue, palate, to connect, neck, chest, abdomen, lung, heart, gullet, to breathe, beat, abdominal, cavity, stomach, liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, gallbladder, bladder, bone, skeleton, to support, soft, to protect, injury, muscle, shoulder, forearm, elbow, wrist, thumb, hip, thigh, knee, calf, ankle, skin. Exercise 2. Read the words and remember them. pharynx ['faerinks] глотка sternum - грудина blood [bl\d] кров esophagus - стравохід lung [Ілп] легеня heart [ha:t] серце diaphragm fdaiafraem], midriff - діафрагма stomach ['sUmak] шлунок liver ['livs] печінка gall bladder ['go:l,blaedo] жовчний міхур poison [poiznj отрута bacterium [bsek'tisriam] мікроб, бактерія digestion [di'd3estf9n] травлення pancreas [peenkrias] підшлункова залоза spleen [splkn] селезінка kidney ['kidni] нирка intestine [in'testin] кишка, кишечник bladder ['blaeds] (сечовий) міхур to differ [difa] відрізнятись to destroy [dis'troi] руйнувати to occupy ['nkjopai] займати; розташовуватись to pump [рлтр] качати; викачувати Exercise 3. Learn the following word combinations. abdominal cavity - черевна порожнина internal organ - внутрішній орган large intestine - товста кишка small intestine тонка кишка principal organ - основний орган sex gland - статева залоза specific role - особлива роль whole body - все тіло (організм) to work over - переробляти internal medicine - лікування внутрішніх хвороб Exercise 4. Name the internal organs. Exercise 5. Read the text and retell it. Internal Organs All internal organs are situated in the chest and abdomen. The chest is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. The principal organs of the chest are the gullet, the heart and the lungs. The gullet connects the pharynx and the stomach. There are two lungs - one in each half of the chest. They differ in size. The right lung is larger than the left one. There is the heart between the lungs behind the breastbone. The heart pumps the blood to the whole body. The lower part of the trunk is the abdominal cavity. The principal organs here are the stomach, the liver, two kidneys, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the small and large intestines, the bladder and internal sex glands. There is the liver with the gallbladder in the right upper abdominal part. The liver is the largest and heaviest organ in the body. It works over all the products of digestion. The liver destroys poisons and bacteria which get into the blood. There is the stomach, the pancreas and the spleen in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. Behind them there are the right and left kidneys at the back. The small and large intestines occupy all the lower abdomen. Here is also the bladder and sex glands. Each internal organ of the body plays a specific role in the organism. The branch of medicine which studies internal organ diseases is called internal medicine. Exercise 6. Answer the following questions.
9) Does each organ have its specific role? 10) What is the name of the branch of medicine which deals with internal organ diseases? Exercise 7. Make up your own questions and supply answers according to the given model. Use the expressions given below. Model: What do we call the organ we breathe with? - The organ we breathe with we call the lungs. To pump the blood, to destroy poisons, to make beats, to connect, to divide. Exercise 8. Complete the sentences. The external organs are ... . The internal organs are ... . The organs of the chest are ... . The organs of the abdominal cavity are ... . The organs of the head are ... . Exercise 9. Learn the conjunctions and translate the sentences.
Exercise 10. Determine the parts of speech of the following words. Mind suffixes. Treatment, numerous, translate, intensive, demonstrate, clinical, biologist, prescription, digestion, situation, abdominal, scientist. Exercise 11. Read and act out the dialogs. 1 Ann: Are you a physician? Mike: No, I am not. Teacher: Yes, you are a physician. Mike: No, I am not. Teacher: Yes, you are. Mike: No, I am not a physician. Teacher: Kate, is Mike a physician? Kate: Yes, he is. Mike: No, I am not. I am a doctor. Kate: Yes, you are. A doctor is a physician. 2 Teacher: Is this your Anatomy book? Student: No, it isn't. Teacher: And where is yours? Student: I don't know, perhaps at home. Teacher: Then take my book and open page 37. Is this a picture of internal organs? Student: Let me see... Yes, it is. I see the heart and the lungs in the chest. Teacher: Anything else? Student: I know that the gullet is also here, but I don't see it. Teacher: Of course. You can't see the gullet in this picture. Open page 39! Exercise 12. Communicative situation. You met your old friend. She is a student of the School of Music and Arts. You are a student of the medical school. Prove your friend that you know everything about both external and internal organs of the human body. II. Independent Work: Body Systems Exercise 1. Learn new words, movement ['mu:vment] рух; переміщення blood vessels ['bUd'veslz] кровоносні судини tissue [tisju:] тканина cell [sel] клітина nutrient [njuitriant] поживна речовина oxygen ['t>ksid3en] кисень waste products ['weist'prodAkts] продукти розпаду to convert into - перетворювати в to extract - видаляти, витягувати to dissolve - розчиняти carbon dioxide ['kaibsndai'oksaid] вуглекислий газ to expel - виштовхувати, виводити назовні appendage [Ee'pendid3] придаток excretory [iksk'retari] вивідний, екскреторний sense [sens] відчуття, чуття stimuli ['stimju:lai] стимули message ['mesid3] повідомлення memory ['memari] пам'ять reasoning ['ri:z(a)nirj] міркування substance ['sAbstans] речовина hormone ['ha:maon] гормон growth [graoO] ріст utilization [ ju:tilai'zeijh] використання reproduction [riprs'dAkJn] відтворення thyroid ['Oairoid] щитовидна залоза pituitary [pi'tju:it(a)ri] гіпофіз gland [gtend] залоза Exercise 2. Read and translate the text. Body Systems The body systems have been variously stated to be nine, ten or eleven in number, depending on how much detail one wishes to include. Here is one list of the systems.
10) The reproductive system. This system includes the external sex organs and all related inner structures that are connected with the production of offspring. Exercise 3. Remember the pronunciation of the names of the body systems, skeletal ['skelit(3)l] скелетний integumentary [m,t3gju'ment(3)ri] покривний muscular ['mAskju:b] м'язовий urinary Пи(з)гіп(з)гі] сечовий circulatory ['s3:kju:btri] циркуляційний; що nervous ['n3:vss] нервовий має відношення до кровообігу endocrine ['endsokrain] ендокринний digestive [di'd3estiv] травний reproductive [ TKprs'dAktiv] репродукційний, respiratory ['respsr3,to:ri] дихальний відтворний, що стосується розмноження Exercise 4. Name the main functions of every system of the human body. Exercise 5. Correct mistakes in the sentences.
LESSON TEN
I. Speaking: Heart Exercise 1. Learn the words and word combinations. Autumn: It is the third season of the year, between summer and winter. September, October and November are autumn months. Spring: Spring is the season of the year between winter and summer. Flower: a part of a plant; beautiful flowers; pleasant odor of flowers. The flower rose is the national emblem of England. The trees were in flower. Leaf (pi. leaves): green parts of a plant. Leaves are the part of a plant which can be used in medicine. Spring is the season of the year when first leaves appear on trees. Yellow: a color. Some flowers may be yellow. Lemon is of yellow color. Green: a color. Leaves of most plants and trees are green in spring and in summer. It is a colour between yellow and blue in the colour spectrum. Brown: The color of coffee is called brown. Depend (on): Children depend on their parents not only for food. Italy depends on foreign countries for oil. Sweet: a taste. We call the taste of sugar sweet. Some fruits are sweet. Buy (bought): We can buy drugs at the chemist's shop. Yesterday I bought an interesting book. Dog: Dog is a friend of man. Experiments are often conducted on dogs. |