Вступний фонетикоорфоепічний курс вступ
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Exercise 6. Name the most common conditions requiring first aid. Exercise 7. Tell your fellow students about the general steps to take in any situation requiring first aid. Exercise 8. Read and act out the dialogs. 1 Mother: What's the matter with you, Danny? You have nose bleeding. Danny: I've fallen down and hurt my nose. Mother: Sit down, Danny. Lena, give me some cloth and cold water. Danny: What do you want to do, Mom? Mother: I'll put a cold compress on your nose. Breathe through your mouth, Danny. That's right. Don't be afraid. The bleeding will stop. 2 Kate: Ma, where are you? Mother: I'm in the kitchen, Kate. What's the matter? Kate: My friend Lora feels bad. She has a bad headache and hot skin. Mother: Where is she? Kate: She is on the bank of the river. She was lying in the sun for a long time. Mother: It may be a sunstroke. Is anybody with her? Kate: Yes, Ann is there. Mother: Be quick. Run back and take Lora to a shady place. Raise her head a little. Put a wet cloth on her head. I'll take some medicine and come in a minute. 3 Mother: What's the matter with you, Jack? You look pale. Jack: There is nothing wrong with me, Mom. Mother: But I see that something is wrong. Jack: Well, I fell on the skating-rink and hurt my right leg badly. Mother: Let me take off your shoe, Jack. Jack: Thank you, Ma. I can do it myself. Mother: I am afraid you have a fracture. Jack: Don't be afraid. It's not a fracture. You see there is no swelling. Mother: You'd better have an X-ray examination. Jack: All right. I'll consult a doctor. Exercise 9. Answer the following questions. 1. What is first aid? 2. What are the most common conditions requiring first aid? 3. Can everybody render first aid? 4. What actions does first aid involve? 5. If a person has a nosebleeding, what must you do? 6. What does "SOS" mean? Exercise 10. Tell your younger sister about first aid, use the following words and phrases in your story. Immediate care, a victim, medical emergency, bleeding, shock, stopped breathing, is poisoned, be calm and act without panic, general steps, any situation requiring first aid, include, call a doctor, provide urgent care, for injuries, treat the victim for shock. II. Grammar Exercises to fight to show to speak to think Exercise 1. Make four main forms of the verb, learn them by heart. ght to come to go to take to bring Exercise 2. Form Participle I from the verbs. Model: to write - writing To fight, to improve, to require, to look, to treat, to use, to design, to prove, to surround, to show, to develop, to detect, to give. Exercise 3. Rewrite sentences using the Past Continuous Tense. Model: He always goes to work by car. - He was going to work by car at 7 о 'clock yesterday.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences indicating the necessary points in time.
Exercise 5. Complete the following sentences translating the words in brackets into English.
Exercise 6. Choose the correct form of the verb.
Exercise 7. Form nouns from the adjectives with the help of the suffix -ity, pay attention to stress. Model: 'humid — hu 'midity 'active - ac 'tivity immune special valid pure susceptible human formal extreme probable reactive regular major Exercise 8. Form verbs from the nouns and adjectives with the help of the suffix -en. Model: (adj.) weak + en - weaken (v.) (n.) strength + en - strengthen (v.) dark -- темний broad - широкий length - довжина short короткий wide - широкий sweet - солодкий high - високий Exercise 9. Translate the words with the prefix ma/-. It means "поганий, погано, неправильна дія". Use the dictionary. Malnourishment, maladjust, malformation, maladminister, malcontent, malpractice, maltreat, maltreatment, malposition, malocclusion. Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English, pay attention to the infinitive.
Exercise 11. Translate the sentences into English, pay attention to the same forms of conjunctions and prepositions.
10. You must wash your hands before you go to the patient. ill. Independent Work: The Strange Doctor Exercise 1. Read the text. The Strange Doctor Their first summer in New England, a man and his wife are going along a strange country road. They are late so he is driving at top speed. In spite of this he notices a large house with a sign announcing that a doctor lives here. Then something goes wrong with the car and it crashes against a tree. The driver is unhurt but his wife is seriously injured. She is unconscious. The road is a lonely one: there are no other cars and few houses. The man remembers the doctor's sign some distance away. He takes his wife in his arms, runs back to that house and rings the bell. A tall, grey-haired man opens the door and says he is a doctor. There is no one else in the house. Together they carry the woman into a dusty, disordered room and lay her upon the operating table. Examining her the doctor says that her skull is fractured and the only chance of saving her life is to operate at once. The husband hesitates but has no choice. "You'll have to act as an anesthetist", the doctor says, "There is no one else here". Weak and shocked, the man obeys, but, when his wife has been etherized, the doctor with a knife in his hand, advises "You'd better wait outside. I can get on alone now". The man is standing and looking from the darkness into the lighted room. Suddenly he hears steps and sees three men, two of them are armed and the third is carrying a rope. They are coming slowly to the door. "For God's sake, wait!" the husband asks. "My wife's skull has been opened; any delay now must mean certain death." Whispering one of the man asks, "What do you take us for?" "Thieves." "No," the man answers. "We work at a neighboring asylum. The man operating your wife is mad. He escaped only two hours ago". Notes: asylum [s'sailsm] психіатрична лікарня mad [masd] божевільний escape [is'keip] тікати hesitate ['heziteit] сумніватися, вагатися thief [9i:f] злодій Exercise 2. Think and answer. Explain your choice. To your mind, what is the ending of this story? Here are some variants:
Exercise 3. Read the end of the story. The three men agree to wait until the operation is over. Through the window they see that the operation is finished, then they run to the madman and take him away. Then they bring back doctors for the woman and she is taken to New York. There she is placed in a hospital under the care of a famous doctor. Carefully examining her fractured skull this doctor says, "Your wife will get well and be normal again, but I can't understand it! Only one operation I know could have saved her, and the only man ever performed that operation successfully. That does not explain anything because that particular man went mad years ago, and now he is in an asylum somewhere in New England." (Based on C. Pollock) LESSON EIGHTEEN
I. Speaking: First Medical Aid (Part II) Exercise 1. Read the texts about various conditions requiring first aid, translate them. (The lists of unknown words are given after the texts.) Exercise 2. Ask your fellow student about first aid in different conditions. Text 1 Bruises Bruises (contusions) are usually caused by a bump or a fall, which ruptures small blood vessels under the skin. Blood seeps into the surrounding tissues causing the black and blue color of a bruise. People who take blood thinners (anticoagulants) or aspirin may bruise easily. A braise can also develop after blood is drawn. A black eye is a type of bruise. Apply home treatment for a bruise and inspect the eye. First Aid Apply ice or cold packs for 15-minute intervals during the first 48 hours to help vessels constrict and to reduce swelling. The sooner you apply ice, the less bleeding will result. If possible, elevate the braised area. Blood will leave the area and there will be less swelling. Rest the limb so you don't injure it further. If the area is still painful after 48 hours, apply heat with warm towels, a hot water bottle, or a heating pad. When to Call the Doctor If signs of infection develop:
If you suddenly begin to bruise easily, or if you have an unexplained recurrent or multiple bruises. Notes: bruise [bru:z] синець, забій contusion [кпп'ои:ззп] контузія; забите місце bump [Ьлтр] ударяти(ся); стукати(ся) rupture ['rAptfs] розрив seep [si:p] просочуватися black eye - синець під оком constrict [kan'strikt] звужувати(сь) reduce [ri'dju:s] зменшувати, знижувати heating pad - зігріваюча ватно-марлева пов'язка tenderness ['tendsnis] чутливість redness ['rednis] почервоніння streaks [strkks] смужки; прожилки pus [pAs] гній discharge [dis'tf^dj] виділення blow [bbo] удар double vision ['dAbl'vi3n] подвоєння в очах socket ['sokit] (тут) очна западина multiple ['mAitiplJ багаторазовий; багатократний; численний recurrent [гі'клгеш.] повторний; періодичний; рецидивний Text 2 Burns Burns are classified as first-, second-, or third-degree depending on their depth, not on the amount of pain or the extent of the burn. A first-degree burn involves only the outer layer of skin. The skin is dry, painful, and sensitive to touch. A mild sunburn is an example. A second-degree burn involves several layers of skin. The skin becomes swollen, puffy, weepy, or blistered. A third-degree burn involves all layers of skin and any underlying tissue or organs. The skin is dry, pale white or charred black, swollen and sometimes breaks open. Nerves are destroyed or damaged, so there may be little pain except on the edge where there is a second-degree burn. First Aid Run cold tap water over the burn for 10 to 15 minutes. Cold water is the best immediate treatment for minor burns. The cold lowers the skin temperature and lessens the severity of the burn. Do not use ice, as it may further damage the injured skin. Remove rings, bracelets, watches, or shoes from the burned limb. Swelling may make them difficult to remove later. For first- and second-degree burns with intact blisters: - Leave the burn alone for 24 hours. Don't cover the bum unless clothing rubs on it. If it rubs, cover it with a gauze pad taped well away from the burn. Do not encircle a hand, arm, or leg with tape. Change the bandage after 24 hours, and then every two days. - After two or three days of healing, the juice from an aloe leaf can soothe minor burns.
Third-degree burns require immediate medical treatment. Call a health professional as soon as possible. Notes: depth [dep0] глибина outer layer - зовнішній шар puffy ['рлй] набряклий weepy [wi:pi] мокнучий, вологий edge [е<із] край lessen ['lesan] зменшувати damage f'daemidj] пошкодження remove [ri'mov] знімати rub [глЬ] терти(ся) gauze pad [go:z] марлевий компрес Text З Shock Shock may occur due to sudden illness or injury. When the circulatory system is unable to get enough blood to the vital organs, the body goes into shock. Sometimes, even a mild injury will lead to shock. The signs of shock include:
Have the person lie down and elevate his legs 12 inches or more. If the injury is to the head, neck, or chest, keep the legs flat. If the person vomits, roll him to one side to let fluids drain from the mouth. Control any bleeding and splint any fractures. Keep the person warm, but not hot. Place a blanket underneath him and cover him with a sheet or a blanket, depending on the weather. If the person is in a hot place, try to keep him cool. Take and count the person's pulse every five minutes. Comfort and reassure him to relieve anxiety. Call for help immediately if signs of shock develop. |