Вступний фонетикоорфоепічний курс вступ

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Exercise 9. Read the text.
Operation

The surgical department is on the first floor of this hospital. This department houses 50 staffed beds. One can see patients with surgical diseases, such as appendicitis, ulcer of abdomen, tumor, carbuncle, phlegmon, etc. If an operation is necessary, the doctor insists on its being performed immediately. Operations are performed in a special operating theater (room).

There is a large operating theater in this department. Here one can see two operating tables, instrument tables, a few small cabinets for suture material, dressings and instalments.

Before the operation nurses prepare surgical instruments following the rules of aseptics After sterilizing them they put instruments on a special table covering them with sterile material.

There are different instruments here. They are scalpels, syringes, surgical needles, scissors, wound clips, pincettes and a sterilizing drum.

Before the operation the surgeon and his assistants wash their hands according to the rule> of surgery and put on sterilized gowns, caps and special masks on their faces.

The patient is put on an operating table and covered with a sterilized cloth. Then a doctor or an assistant begins to narcotize the patient. When the patient has fallen asleep, the surgeor. disinfects the skin of the region to be operated on and begins to perform the operation. One assistant helps the surgeon during the operation. Other assistants listen to the heart, feel the pulse and look at the pupils. They use different ways of controlling the patient's condition During the operation special devices are used for artificial respiration and blood circulation The operation being over, the patient is moved to the ward.

After the operation the patient is provided with special care and attention. The surgec:" prescribes him definite medicine and diet. Every day the surgeon examines patients, dresse> their wounds and introduces fresh gauze drains into them. He listens to the patients' lungs anc hearts, tests their abdomens and so on.

The surgeon prescribes patients proper treatment. Many patients are doing well. Soon they will leave the clinic and return home. Some patients are in bad condition. The doctors and nurses pay much attention to them.

Exercise 10. Answer the following questions concerning the text.

1. Where is the surgical department? 2. How many staffed beds does this department house? 3. What is there in the operating theater? 4. What do nurses do before operations? 5. What instruments do they put on a special table? 6. What does a surgeon do before an operation? 7. When does a surgeon begin to perform the operation? 8. What do assistants do during an operation? 9. What kind of devices are used during an operation? 10. Where is the patient moved after the operation?
Exercise 11. Translate some questions to the text.

1. Яку увагу приділяють медсестри хворим після операції? 2. Що повинна виконувати медсестра? 3. Хірург призначає лікування хворому, чи не так? 4. Коли виписують хворого із лікарні?

Exercise 12. Make up a story about your surgical department keeping the following consistency.

Description of the surgical department; furniture and things in the operating room; patients of the surgical department; your surgeon's work; your medical personnel's actions.
II. Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1, Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets, translate the sentences.

1. 1 (to live) at the student's hostel now. 2. My friend (to graduate) from the college last year. 3.1 think he (to enter) the medical year. 4. The students of his group (to take) an active part in the meeting last Saturday. 5. My sister (to go) to the library every week. 6.1 (to come) home late today. 7. Ann lives near our college and never (to take) a bus to come there. 8. In three years you (to get) a diploma of a nurse. 9. He often (to receive) letters from his parents.

Exercise 2. Look at the following words, find similar roots in English and Ukrainian, try to translate them without the dictionary.

Potential, natural, final, practically, rational, cubic, local, crystal, concentrate, function, regulator, preventive, intensive, productive, test, text, result, system, diagnostic, incubator, microscope, filter, minute, computer.

Exercise 3. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.

Emotional, healthy, cold, low, good, warm, weak, famous, dependent, little, clear, far, important, bad.

Exercise 4. Write out the verbs in the Future-in-the-Past Tense.

Is giving, will have operated, will be prescribing, saw, did, dressed, were decided, would repair, will be given, should visit, are making, would look after, were calling, should speak.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the sentences.

1. The doctor told me that the next lesson would not be difficult. 2. They said that the
treatment of cancer would be developed soon. 3. I thought that I should get the job at our
hospital. 4.1 didn't know that Mr. Grey would come. 5.1 thought she would help me.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences, name the types of clauses (типи підрядних речень).

1. 
   1. Medical experience knows cases when people who were regarded clinically dead returned to life and are still alive. 2. There are all grounds to hope that with scientific progress new preparations will be found which will make surgical intervention unnecessary. 3. For the first time ever, doctors had the means with which they combated an incurable disease where previously they had been only helpless observers. 4. If a person falls ill, he will ring up his local polyclinic and call in a doctor. 5. The only problem is that, while we are putting ourselves in the hands of trained experts who have devoted their lives to medicine, they are now basing their diagnoses on the results of laboratory tests which in many cases are done by people barely out of high school.
   
2. 
   1. She said she knew him very well. 2. He would come here were he in Kyiv. 3. The hotel we stayed at is in the center of the city. Had he time, he would have come.
   

Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences.

1.1 should have missed the lesson, if ... .

2. 
   If I were you, ....
   
3. 
   If my friend were a surgeon, ....
   
4. 
   If I had money about me, ....
   
5. 
   They would operate this patient if... .
   
6. 
   If the nurse had spare time, ....
   
7. 
   If he left home at twelve, ....
   
8. 
   If the patient received good results of analysis, ....
   

Exercise 8. Translate into English.

1. Ми запізнимося на операцію, якщо заняття триватиме до кінця. 2. Якби я був на твоєму місці, я обрав би професію хірурга. 3. Якби ти була операційною медсестрою, ти дотримувалася б правил асептики. 4. Вони прооперують пацієнта, якщо результати аналізів підтвердять діагноз. 5. Медсестра зробила б ін'єкції швидше, якби в неї був вільний час.

III. Independent Work: Surgery

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Surgery

Treatment of injuries or diseases by operative techniques is the subject of surgery.

The surgeon has always been an integral part of medical science. Early medical texts are chiefly devoted to records of surgical cases. Strangely, however, great advances in surgery have been dependent on medical discoveries in other fields. These advances include the discovery of ether anesthesia by Morton and Long in 1847; the discovery of the principle of antisepsis by Joseph Listen in 1865-87; and application of rubber gloves introduced by Halstead. The use of blood transfusion, control of fluid in the body and use of drugs for various symptoms have also aided success in surgery.

Not many years have passed since the time when few surgeons dared to invade the interior of the abdomen.

Today every portion of the human body has been invaded successfully. The surgery of today is called physiological surgery and is aimed at restoring (відновлення) normal function of various organs and tissues when these functions have failed.

Exercise 2. Make up 6 questions based on the text.

Exercise 3. Make up a dialog.

You are a surgeon. You go on your morning round. Speak with the bed patient. Use the following instruction.

Introduction

1. 
   Good morning (afternoon, evening)! (How are you today? How are your spirits?)
   
2. 
   Would you like a private room or a general ward? (on admission) Complaints
   

1. 
   How are you feeling today? (How do you feel at present? Oh, I see you are better today. What are your complaints?)
   
2. 
   Do you have any feeling of nausea (vomiting, etc.) this morning? (this afternoon, this evening) (Do you feel sick (vomiting, etc.) Nausea (vomiting, headache, pains in the heart, etc.)?)
   
3. 
   How did you sleep? (Did you sleep all night? Did you wake up with pain? Were there any nightmares (any bad dreams)?)
   

4. 
   Do you have a good (bad) appetite now? (Flow do you eat? Do you eat with pleasure?)
   
5. 
   What stool (discharge) do you have? (Do you have a regular stool?)
   

6. 
   Did you experience any pain while moving your bowels (passing water)? Did you feel any pain in the lavatory? Did you have pain in moving bowels (passing water)?)
   
7. 
   Your heart (stomach, liver, etc.) still troubles you, doesn't it? (What about your heart (stomach, etc.)? Does your heart (stomach, etc.) trouble you now?)
   
8. 
   Are there any other complaints or not? (Do you have any other complaints? Other complaints?)
   

9. Let me look at the temperature chart. (What temperature do you have today?)

Physical Examinations

1. 
   Will you lie still (sit up), please? (Sit quietly, please.)
   
2. 
   Let me feel your pulse.
   
3. 
   Just remove your undershirt, will you? (Take off your undershirt, please.)
   
4. 
   Try to breathe deeper, please. (Breathe deeply, please. Breathe, please.)
   
5. 
   Lie face down (on your side), will you?
   
6. 
   Hold your breath, will you? (Don't breathe, please.)
   
7. 
   Breathe in (out), please. (Take a deep breath!)
   
8. 
   I'm going to palpate you. (Let me palpate you. I'll check your liver.)
   
9. 
   Would you mind relaxing your abdomen? More, please. (Relax your belly, please).
   

10. 
    Would you try to stretch your hand (leg)? (Stretch your hand (leg) like I do it).
    
11. 
    Look up (down), will you? (Look up (down), please. Look up (down).).
    
12. 
    It hurts you, doesn't it? (Is this painful?)
    
13. 
    The pain radiates over the (entire) left arm (leg), doesn't it?
    
14. 
    Can you feel (taste, smell, hear, see, etc.) that?
    
15. 
    I'd like to measure your blood pressure. (Let me measure your blood pressure).
    
16. 
    Your blood pressure (skin, head, heart, etc.) is much better today.
    
17. 
    You follow all my instructions, don't you? (Do you follow all my instructions? Do you do as I ordered?)
    

Prescriptions and Instructions

1. 
   Go on taking the same drugs. Take the drugs regularly. Have the pills (tablets, etc.).
   
2. 
   Try to sleep more, will you? (Sleep more! Don't walk much! Stay in bed most of the time.)
   
3. 
   You will have to collect your urine (stool, etc.). You must collect your urine (sputum, etc.).
   
4. 
   I'll prescribe some medicine for your headache (heart, etc.). (I'll prescribe some tablets (pills, etc.) for you. The nurse will give you an injection to relieve the pain.)
   

5. We must perform some major (minor) operation. (You should undergo some
operation.)

6. 
   Will you sign this consent for the operation, please? (Sign this consent for the operation, please.)
   
7. 
   If you refuse to let us operate (treat you), you must sign this statement. (If you are against our advice, sign, please.)
   
8. 
   I recommend you to abstain from smoking. (I advise you to give up smoking. No smoking now.)
   
9. 
   Try not to have heavy food. (Light food is advisable for you. No fatty food.)
   

10. Be quiet. Don't worry. If you follow all my instructions, you'll recover soon (fee!
better, be well.)

LESSON THIRTY

I	Speaking	Work of a Laboratory Assistant
II	Grammar Suffixes Prefixes	Неозначені займенники і прислівники, похідні від some, any, по, every (§83) (n.) -dom, -hood dis-, re-, mis-
III	Independent Work	Red Cross

I. Speaking: Work of a Laboratory Assistant

Exercise 1. Read the words and word combinations paying attention to their pronunciation.

1. 
   Scalpel, scissors, wound, clip, pincette, inevitability, to convince, to sterilize, drum, to recover;
   
2. 
   Surgical needle, staffed bed, operating theater, suture material, equipmentand instruments, the rules of aseptics, respiration of a patient, artificial respiration, blood circulation, to narcotize, to fall asleep, to perform an operation, to introduce a fresh gauze drain, to test heart.
   

Exercise 2. Read and learn the following words,

test tube - пробірка slide - предметне скло

flask - колба culture - культура

glass - склянка moisten - зволожувати

measuring glass - мензурка cover slip - покривне скло

glass cap - скляна кришка inoculating needle - голка для щеплення

pipette - піпетка rack - штатив

vessel -- посудина ring stand - кільцевий штатив

cylinder - циліндр report book - щоденник; звітний журнал

centigrade scale - стоградусна шкала title - назва

record - записувати; реєструвати object - об'єкт; предмет

findings - дані description - опис

jar - банка conclusion - висновок

heat - нагрівати balancer - вирівнювач, стабілізатор

label - ярлик; етикетка solution - розчин

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following sentences.

1. Work in the laboratory requires cleanliness. 2. It is recommend to close glass bottles with glass caps. 3. When students come to the laboratory, they should put on white gowns and thoroughly wash their hands. 4. In the laboratory we can see bottles with distilled water. 5. Glass vessels are placed on the shelves and racks.

Exercise 4. Make up questions to the words in bold type.

1. Students thoroughly wash their hands with running water. 2. The room for weighing is equipped with a set of balances. 3. Near each table in the laboratory there should be a lamp.

4. The air in the laboratory is well ventilated. 5. Students carry out various experiments working with different chemical substances. 6. Glassware for general use includes test tubes, funnels, etc. 7. The laboratory is equipped with long tables.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.

1. Laboratory assistants carry out ... complex analysis. 2. There are ... laboratory vessels for the determination of blood or urine tests. 3. Substances may have a strong and ... odor. 4. The clinical laboratory consists of several ... rooms. 5. When we enter the laboratory, we see ... tables with glassware on them. 6. The ... equipment consists of some apparatuses which are used to heat solutions, distil water and measure temperature.

(long, unpleasant, different, special, laboratory, various)

Exercise 6. a) Read the Case Report Scheme according to which every patient must be registered in the hospital. Translate each point.

b) Pay attention to the sixth point. What does the information of this point deal with?

CASE REPORT SCHEME

1. 
   Passport data, surname and initials, age, profession, date of admission.
   
2. 
   Complaints.
   
3. 
   Present history.
   
4. 
   Past history (briefly).
   
5. 
   Physical examination: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.
   

6. 
   Laboratory data: blood analyses, urinalyses, tests, biochemistry studies, stool ova or larvae of parasites' test, X-ray examination, ECG, BCG, PhCG, bacteriological studies, histological studies.
   
7. 
   Provisional (initial) diagnosis: clinical diagnosis, final diagnosis (confirmed), presumptive diagnosis, establishment of diagnosis.
   

8. Treatment given.

9. Prognosis (instructions and prescriptions).