Вступний фонетикоорфоепічний курс вступ
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Notes: brush - щітка; чистити meal - їжа (прийом їжі) twice - двічі crack - розколювати, кусати, розкушувати food - їжа (продукти харчування) Exercise 9. Ask your friend if:
Exercise 10. Read and act out the dialogs. 1 Tom: I have a bad toothache. Nick: I'd have the aching tooth taken out if it were mine. Tom: If it were yours, I would too! 2 Mother: We shall go to the dentist with you today, Tom. Tom: Let's go next week, Mummy. There is nothing the matter with my teeth. Mother: Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today! Tom: I don't like to go to dentists. I'm afraid of them. 3 Dentist: Tom, can you open your mouth as wide as your eyes? 4 Tom: Hey, what's the matter with you? Nick: I've got toothache. Tom: Why don't you go to the dentist then? Nick: I'm afraid to have teeth out, it hurts! Exercise 11. Speaking situations.
3. Tell your fellow students about your last visit to the dentist. 4. You are in an English-speaking country. Suddenly your tooth starts to ache. What will you do? What will you say? II. Grammar Exercises Exercise 1. Put the verbs in the correct form. Translate the sentences. 1. Last year we (to study) inorganic chemistry and biology. 2. They (to graduate) from the institute in five years. 3. Students (to learn) theoretical subjects with great interest. 4. At the end of the second year they (to have) practice at the hospital where they got acquainted with the work of nurses. 5. I usually (to prepare) my homework in the reading hall of the library. 6. We (to take) our examination in the foreign language during the summer session. Exercise 2. Translate the following words with the suffixes -ment, -ship using the dictionary. Friendship, development, leadership, assessment, partnership, movement, requirement, relationship, authorship, management, championship, measurement. Exercise 3. Translate and form degrees of comparison of the adverbs.
Exercise 4. Name the adjectives or adverbs in the positive degree. Earliest, worse, most, best, largest, shorter, busier, less, better, least, nicer, longest, hottest, later, worst, quicker, slowest. Exercise 5. Put the words in brackets in the correct degree of comparison. 1. Petrov is the (good) student in the group. 2. The (long) examination session is in summer. 3. The street our college is situated in is (beautiful) in our town. 4. My friend got a (high) mark in anatomy examination than me. 5. Our first-year students study (bad) than senior students. 6. Pharmacognosy is as (difficult) as botany. 7. Microbiology is not so (easy) as you say. 8. It is necessary to work (much) to become a good nurse. Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Еоворіть, будь ласка, голосніше, я вас погано чую. 2. Ти написав контрольну гірше за всіх. 3. Вона зможе краще вчитися, якщо більше часу приділятиме практиці. 4. Завтра ми встанемо раніше, щоб прийти до зубного лікаря вчасно. 5. Мене запитали, яка професія мені подобається найбільшу і чому. 6. Львів такий же великий, як і Одеса? 7. Сьогодні погода така ж гарна, як і вчора. 8. Ця кімната не така зручна, як кабінет дантиста. III. Independent Work: What Happens to a Hamburger Exercise 1. Read the first part of the text and translate it, write down new words in your vocabulary. What Happens to a Hamburger (Part I) I like to eat. I like bread and pears and celery. I like carrots, and chicken, and potatoes, and hamburgers. I like orange juice, and milk, and tomato juice. What do you like? Good food makes you strong and healthy. It gives you energy and helps you grow. Your body uses food in different ways. It uses some kinds of food to make strong bones and hard teeth. It turns other food into solid muscles. It uses some of the food you eat to keep you warm. Before your body can do these things, it had to change the food. Solid foods like hamburgers and potatoes have to be changed into liquids. Liquids like milk and orange juice have to be changed, too. When you change the food you eat, you are digesting it. Put two lumps of sugar in an empty glass. Take a wooden spoon and pound the lumps with the handle. Pound them until they are broken up into powder. Now pour some water in the glass and stir. Keep stirring until the sugar powder has disappeared. Take a sip of the water. Can you taste the sugar? The sugar has disappeared, but it's still there. It has broken up into millions of tiny pieces. Your eye cannot see them, but your tongue can taste them. When you digest your food, you break it up into millions of very tiny pieces. You start to do this as you take a bite to eat. Digestion begins in your mouth when you chew. You break up the food with your teeth. Something else helps to break up the food in your mouth. It is a fluid. Some people call it spit. Its correct name is saliva. Whenever you take a bite of food, saliva pours into your mouth. You say your mouth is watering. Saliva comes from small glands in your cheeks and under your tongue. Sometimes saliva pours into your mouth even before you take a bite. The smell of food will start it. Take a good sniff of a box of chocolates. Sniff ajar of pickles. What other kinds of food make your mouth water? After you have chewed your food, you swallow it. Your epiglottis closes. It is a door that keeps food from going into your lungs. Your throat squeezes together when you swallow. It pushes the food down into your esophagus. Another name for esophagus is gullet. Your gullet is a tube that leads from the back of your mouth to your stomach. There are muscles in your gullet that squeeze together. They push food into your stomach. (To be continued.) Notes: celery - селера solid - міцний muscle - мускул liquid - рідина to digest - перетравлювати lump - шматок to pound - товкти; бити; калатати powder - порошок to pour - наливати to stir - розмішувати sip - ковток to taste - пробувати на смак tiny - крихітний fluid - рідина spit - слина your mouth is watering - у тебе слинка тече gland - залоза sniff - вдихання носом jar - банка pickles - соління to swallow - ковтати epiglottis - надгортанник Exercise 2. Make a plan of this part of the text. Exercise 3. Ask questions based on each point of your plan. Exercise 4. Answer the questions.
Lesson Thirty-Two
I. Speaking: At the Dentist's. Dental Instruments Exercise 1. Phonetic reading: read the following words, pay attention to pronunciation. Sterilization, refrigerator, galenical, internal, external, injection, disinfectant, ampule, glucose, camphor, intramuscular, intravenous, personnel, control, manufacture, dose, official, company, metabolism, commend, patient, capsule, tablet, signature, amulet, talisman. Exercise 2. Learn the following words, dentist - дантист, зубний лікар mirror - дзеркало toothache - зубний біль tweezers - пінцет dental nurse - стоматологічна медсестра probe - зонд decayed - зруйнований drill - бур filling - пломба spittoon - плювальниця to fill - пломбувати saliva ejector - відсмоктувач слини to extract - видаляти (зуб) dental forceps - зуболікувальні щипці dental instruments - інструменти для лікування hurt - боліти; турбувати зубів Exercise 3. Learn the following word combinations by heart. to be afraid of smth - боятися чогось to put in a filling - запломбувати зуб your tooth is working loose ваш зуб хитається to give smb an injection - робити ін'єкцію to spit out - сплюнути to put arsenic - поставити миш'як temporary filling - тимчасова пломба permanent filling постійна пломба decayed tooth - зруйнований зуб infected tooth - хворий зуб tooth is far gone - зуб дуже зруйнований aching pain - сильний біль Exercise 5. Translate into English. У мене болить зуб, відкрийте рот, у вас зруйнований зуб, він дуже зруйнований, я запломбую ваш зуб, я поставлю тимчасову пломбу, постійна пломба, цей зуб хитається, видалити зуб, не турбуйтесь, не бійтесь, я зроблю вам ін'єкцію, цей зуб непокоїть мене. Exercise 6. Complete the sentences filling in the words below. 1.1 have a bad .... 2. He ... to go to the dentist. 3. She has a ... in this tooth. 4. The doctor put ... in my tooth. 5. She extracted my tooth .... (painlessly, be afraid, a temporary filling, pain, toothache) Exercise 7. Act out the dialogs. a) You are a doctor: Dentist: Що з вами трапилось? Patient: I have a bad toothache. Dentist: Сідайте, будь ласка. Відкрийте рот. Patient: I have a pain in this tooth. Dentist: Сьогодні я поставлю вам лише тимчасову пломбу. Приходьте через три дні. b) You are an interpreter: D: What's wrong with you, my dear? P: У мене знову болить цей зуб. D: Open your mouth, please. Does this tooth hurt you? P: Так, цей. Я не можу спати вже дві ночі. D: This tooth is far gone. I must extract it. P: Ox, лікарю, я дуже боюся. D: Don't worry, I'll give you an injection, you won't feel any pain. Exercise 8. Read the dialog. Stomatologist: What do you complain of? Are you in pain? Patient: Yes, I have a toothache. S: Let me have a look at your infected tooth. Open your mouth. What tooth troubles you? P: In the upper jaw on the right. S: What kind of pain is there in your tooth? P: I have a terrible toothache. S: When did this ache first appear? P: It appeared two days ago. S: When does it ache more frequently? P: Of course, at night. S: Do you feel this ache from cold or hot water? P: I feel it from cold water. S: There is a cavity here but this tooth is not far gone. It is possible to treat it. I have to clean this cavity and put arsenic in this tooth. P: Oh, doctor. I can't stand the drill. S: It's necessary to do it. I'll treat your infected tooth. Sit calmly, please, and open your mouth wider. Do you feel any ache now? P: Yes, doctor, I do feel. S: I have cleaned the cavity and put arsenic. If the tooth is quite all right and you feel no ache tomorrow, I'll put a temporary filling and then a permanent one. Now let me examine your other teeth. Most of your teeth are quite all right. But one is very bad. It is far gone. It's necessary to extract it. You must go to the surgical room to do it. Exercise 9. Do the following exercises. a) Read the questions used by a stomatologist at the beginning of a reception:
b) Ask some questions on the following sentences:
c) Make a short dialog using the phrases: На що ви скаржитесь? Який зуб непокоїть вас? На що скаржиться ваш друг? Коли він уперше відчув біль? У мене болить зуб. На нижній щелепі, справа. У нього теж болить зуб. Учора вночі. Exercise 10. a) Read stomatologist's questions about the kind of pain. 1 .What kind of pain is there in your tooth? 2. Do you feel this ache from cold or hot water'? 3. Is your ache more frequent in the daytime or at night? b) Fill in the gaps with the necessary words and word combinations. 1. Did you feel ... from cold or ... water? 2. Was your ache more ... during the day ... or at ...? 3. What kind of pain is ... in your ...? c) Make up patient's answers using the given words and word combinations. 1. Hot water, from, feel, I, my ache. 2. At night, frequent, more, was, my toothache. 3. An aching pain, there is, in my tooth. 4. Appeared, it, ago, some, days. Exercise 11. a) Read stomatologist's conclusions. 1. This tooth is all right. It is unnecessary to treat it. 2. That tooth is not far gone. It is possible to treat it and put a filling. It is necessary to clean this cavity. 3. That tooth is far gone (decayed). It's necessary to extract it. b) Fill in the gaps with the necessary words. 1. This tooth ... not... gone. It... possible to ... it. 2. That tooth ... unnecessary to ... 3. That tooth ... too bad. It's ... to extract it. 4. These teeth ... all right. They are unnecessary to ... . c) Translate the following sentences. 1. Ці зуби не дуже зруйновані. їх можна лікувати. 2. Зараз треба почистити цей зуб і поставити тимчасову пломбу. 3. Цей зуб дуже зруйнований. Його необхідно видалити. Лікувати його неможливо. 4. Ці зуби хороші. Вони не потребують лікування. Exercise 12. a) Read how a stomatologist comments his actions. 1. I'll treat your infected tooth. 2. I'll put a temporary (permanent) filling. 3. I have cleaned the cavity. 4.1 have put arsenic in this tooth. 5. I have to clean this tooth, b) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. I. Tomorrow I (to put) a temporary filling in this tooth. 2. Today I (to clean) this tooth and (to put) arsenic. 3. Yesterday my assistant (to clean) your teeth. 4. We (to treat) your teeth next week. 5. Every day my assistant (to help) me. Exercise 13. Communication situations. /. You are a stomatologist and receive your patients. Talk to one of them keeping the following consistency.
II.You are examining your patient's oral cavity. Ask the patient to perform the following. 1. To open his mouth. 2. To show his aching (infected) tooth. 3. To show his other teeth. ///.You are treating an aching tooth. a) Tell your patient that it is necessary to: 1. Clean the cavity of the tooth. 2. Put arsenic in this tooth. 3. Put in a temporary filling. 4. Put in a permanent filling. b) Ask your patient: 1. To open his mouth wider. 2. To sit calmly. 3. To water his mouth. 4. To spit out. 5. To close his mouth. |