Grammar exercises. English for technical institutes (Shevtsova G. V) Unit To be
 Скачать 272.32 Kb.
|
Participle
Examples: I saw her smiling face in the window (в функции определения) The topics discussed at the lessons are often very difficult (определение) Knowing English perfectly he was able to watch genuine foreign movies. (в функции обстоятельства) Whistling he closed the door. (в функции обстоятельства) В функции обстоятельства часто с предшествующими союзами when, if, unless When arriving we give presents When being scolded we frown. Having waited for him for half an hour they went home. Having been shown the way I could find his house easily. Translate the following sentences into Russian Yesterday, I saw a boy running towards the river. He opened the door, thinking about possible consequences. He is the man selling the cheapest vegetables in the whole city. She comes to me every day, bringing various candies and cakes. Having come home, he went to bed immediately. He entered the University without any problems, having studied all the peculiarities of the subjects in advance. This letter being written in ink is very old. Having been written a few years ago the book caught his attention. Having been found in the 18th century the sword was presented at the exhibition yesterday. A sent article was too difficult to understand. Though tired, he came to congratulate me. This swimming girl is my sister. The man lived in bad conditions in his childhood is a respected person today. Coming home, he found everyone sleeping. Being an experienced person, he solved that problem immediately. Looking at my hands, she nodded. He will show us his repaired house tomorrow. When asked, Mary didn’t listen to anyone. If found, they would be punished. Though astonished, she allowed us to come in. When asked whether he expected me to help, Dad said nothing. Satisfied with my answer, the professor put me a “five” Seriously wounded he continued fighting. When asked important questions, he frowned and answered silly things. Entering the hall, he noticed a new girl. Form Participle I or Participle II from verbs in brackets Why have you got that … (worry) expression on your face? Are you in trouble? The teacher was … (disappoint) with the test re sults. Jack’s answer was … (disappoint). I went to the exhibition of French art last week and I was very much … (impress). We saw a lot of … (fascinate) paintings. I was so … (excite) that I couldn’t say a word. The trip to the mountains was so … (excite) — we enjoyed every minute of it. I’m … (bore) — I have nothing to do. The lecture was so … (bore) that a few listeners fell asleep. We liked the Room of Horrors but some of the tricks were rather … (frighten). It was raining so heavily that the little puppy got … (frighten) and hid under the bed. Little John’s questions were … (surprise). We were … (surprise) at the news. The boy … (translate) the story is the best pupil in our class. The girl … (wash) the window is my sister. … (do) his homework Tom looked through the win dow several times. The work … (do) was very interesting. Everything … (write) on the blackboard is correct. … (write) the letter Olga thought about her sum mer holidays. Rewrite the sentences using Participle The holidaymakers who were wearing light clothes walked along the beach. The lands that were discovered by Columbus were rich in gold. The children who were excited by the news shouted “Hoorah” three times. The hedges that divided the fields were getting yellow. The young lady who was standing at the door looked very attractive. The two banks which were connected by a bridge were high and looked dangerous. Betty Smith heard the noise of a child who was crying. He entered the yard and smelt something that was burning. Translate into English. Города, расположенные на побережье, часто являются портами. Поля, разделенные живыми изгородями, всегда выглядят очень привлекательно. Места, связанные с Шекспиром, находятся главным образом в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне. Как мы называем людей, живущих в Шотландии и говорящих на шотландском диалекте? Дети, взволнованные цирковым представлением, решили стать акробатами. Есть ли в Британии местности, покрытые лесами? Птица, сидящая на дереве, ласточка. Изгородь, разделяющая наши сады, старая. Спрятанное письмо нашли дети. Письмо, написанное мной, только что отправлено. Сломанные игрушки лежат в коробке. Спящую собаку зовут Рекс. Вы знаете, фамилию человека, читающего газету? Студент, спрашиваемый преподавателем сейчас, Петров. Он показал нам список научных журналов, получаемых обычно их библиотекой. Вы можете найти такие статьи в журнале, издаваемом ежемесячно нашим исследовательским институтом. Я боюсь, что утомлю вас, задавая так много вопросов. Когда мальчик бежал домой, он потерял одну из рукавичек. Пока мы учили (изучая) произношение этих слов, мы выучили их значение. Интересуясь этой проблемой, он присоединился к нашей экспедиции. Бросив мяч в воду, мальчик не мог достать его. Читая английские книги в оригинале, он обычно пользуется словарем. Дом, построенный на нашей улице, очень красив. Книга, взятая из библиотеки, должна быть возвращена вовремя. Сделав несколько снимков, я закрыл фотоаппарат. Choose the appropriate form of the participle. 1. The questions … at yesterday’s meeting were interesting to everybody. (discussing/discussed) 2. Many scientists have continued the work ... by I. P. Pavlov. (beginning/begun) 3. We read the letter ... from our pen-friends in Moscow. (receiving/received) 4. The children liked to listen to their grandfather ... stories about his youth. (telling/told) 5. A group of … schoolchildren … flowers stood round the visitor. (exciting/excited/holding/held) 6. We listened to his stories about the ... adventures of the expedition in the North. (exciting/excited) 7. We ate vegetables ... in an unusual way. (preparing/prepared) 8. There were two men ... at a table ... about something in low voices.(sitting/sat/… arguing/argued) 9. … the dictionary, he looked up the … word. (taking/taken/…. Unknowing/unknown) 10. She found her ... notebook on her father’s bookshelf. (losing/lost) 11. The cars … the street moved very slowly. (filling/filled) 12. A fish ... out of water cannot live. (taking/taken) 13. The students ... part in the competition must be here at 4 o’clock. (taking/taken) 14. ... the door, Mike found the room full of people. (opening/opened) 15. The English ... since the fifteenth century is called Modern English. (using/used) 16. She laughed again, … the story. (remembering/remembered) 17. He spоке, when ... to. (speaking/spoken) 18. While ... on the problem, he sat closer to the window. (speculating/speculated) 19. The student ... this article is my friend. (writing/written) 20. The article ... by this student is of great interest. (writing/written) 21. Though. ... in a difficult language, the article was easy to translate.(writing/written) 22. I looked at him as if … to see him. (surprising/surprised) 23. Magazines … 50 years ago look different from those ... now. (publishing/published/publishing/ published) 24. The telephone ... by A. G. Bell was a great scientific achievement. (inventing/invented) 25. “How are you?” he asked, ... his hat. (raising/raised) PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES Complete the sentences with the correct participle 1. The book was so___________ that I couldn’t put down. a. exciting b. excited 2. She has really learnt English very fast. She has made ____________ progress. a. astonishing b. astonished 3. I thought the interview went well, so I was very ____________ not to get the job. a. disappointing b. disappointed 4. I was so hurt when he said that I was .... a. boring b. bored 5. Many people think swimming is very energetic, but I find it very __________. a. relaxing b. relaxed 6. Bob is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very ______________ . a. amusing b. amused 7. Failing my driving test was one of the most ___________ experiences of my life. a. disappointing b. disappointed 8. After watching this documentary film, we all felt a bit ___________. a. depressing b. depressed 9. I didn’t expect that studying History'could be so_______ . a. fascinating b. fascinated 10. We were ___________ when we heard the news. a. shocking b. shocked 11. The children were really___________ about opening their presents. a. exciting b. excited 12. I wanted to just sit in front of the TV all my evening. My working day had been really __________________ . a. tiring b. tired 13. I didn’t want to tell my sister that I’d borrowed her car, as I knew she would be ____________ . a. annoying b. annoyed 14. When I heard the news, I didn’t know what to say because the news was ______. a. shocking b. shocked 15. I didn’t find the situation funny. I was not . a. amusing b. amused Make the correct word (-ing/-ed) from the verb at the end of each sentence. 1. It was a very __________ football match. (excite) 2. The children were very ________ on Christmas day. (excite) 3. We felt very ____________ on our holiday in France, (relax) 4. It was a wonderfully _________ holiday on board of this cruise ship. (relax) 5. A shopkeeper likes to have _________ customers. (satisfy) 6. She was a nurse and found it a very _______ job. (satisfy) 7. It was a very ________ film. I nearly fell asleep. (bore) 8. The book was very badly written. Soon I got _______ with it. (bore). 9. After the explosion, the _________ children were taken to a safe place.(frighten). 10. A _________ noise woke me up in the middle of the night, (frighten). 11. He has ______ habit of not looking at you when he’s talking to you. (annoy) 12. We’ve had lots of complaints from ______ customers about our bad service. (annoy) 13. The teacher was _________ because all the students were late. (disappoint) 14. Don’t worry, it’s not a __________ event for her. (disappoint) Circle the correct participle Before meeting/met Harriet, I never knew what real love was. I am sure that after passing/passed your exam, you will feel a lot better. Having finished /finishing the letter, Peter printed it out. Looking/looked through the window, I saw a strange man at the door. I cooked dinner, and doing/ having done that, I sat down to watch TV. Hearing/heard a noise outside, Jan went to investigate. Having lost/losing my notes, I could not revise properly for the test. Having been/being quite intelligent, Matt hopes to get into a good university. Having missed/missing the start of the film, I decided not to bother watching the rest of it. After making/made her bed, she had a shower. After playing/having played video games all morning I felt really tired. Imaging being a person directed/directing a big budget film. Finished/having finished my homework, I decided to go to a concert. Waiting/having waited for the show to begin, he felt nervous. The person chosen/choosing for the part will be contacted by phone. Gerund Gerund: VERB + -ING (eating, going, studying) always takes a noun position: a subject or an object of the main verb. 1. Subject = Gerund When you need an action as a subject, use a gerund. Reading is my favorite hobby. 2. Preposition + Gerund After a preposition, use a gerund. This is true for prepositions that are part of phrasal verbs, too. I thought about calling my grandma, but I was too tired. Are you planning on going to the party? 3. Verb + Gerund A gerund can be used after a main verb. It depends on the verb. Memorize the most common verbs that take a gerund. Dislike, can’t stand, enjoy, hate*, love*, like*, not mind, prefer*, admit, advise, consider, imagine, look forward to, recommend, suggest, think of, begin*, continue*, delay, give up, start*, stop*, finish, practice, spend (time), avoid, can’t help, deny, involve, mention, miss, risk. (* these verbs can also be followed by an infinitive, sometimes with a difference in meaning) My teacher advised studying for the quiz. They enjoy making crafts in class. The gerund has the following forms: simple active (asking, writing), perfect (having asked, having written), passive (being asked, being written), perfect passive (having been asked, having been written). Gerund after prepositions Example: My dad is used .................................................... up early. (get) My dad is used to getting up early. My brother is good ........................................ . (dive) I'm not very keen .................................... computer games. (play) I have no objection ..................................... the football match tonight. (watch) She is afraid .............................. her boyfriend. (lose) We are fed ............................... nothing all the weekend. (do) I'm tired .................................... in the queues at the airports. (wait) We had difficulty ..................................... the way to the museum. (find) Are you interested .................................... your professional career? (build) There's no point ................................. an old car. (buy) I disapprove ................................ in restaurants. (smoke) We are happy .................................. a new house. (have) My daughter dreams .......................................... a film star. (become) John can't cope ............................. unemployed. (be) Sarah is thinking ................................ to Greg's place. (move) The children were accused .................................. the window. (smash) Gerund after phrasal verbs Example: Do you mind queues? (not care | stand | for) I ......................... in queues. I don't care for standing in queues. Have you seen the film? (to | look | forward | see) No, I haven't. But I am ............................................................................ it tonight. How did you get rid of the dogs? (off | bark | leave) Fortunately, they ...................................................... . Why didn't Jack do his homework? (do | off | put) He ........................................... his homework till he fell asleep. Have you ever played darts? (play | take | to) Of course, I have. I ................................................. them a couple of years ago. Let's go to the zoo on Sunday. (keep | against | be) I'm sorry. I .................................................. wild animals in cages. Are you going to take the driving test again? (get | up | give) Yes, I am. I would never ........................................ my driving licence. Why were you so angry with Matt? (on | shout | keep) I wanted to talk to him, but he just .............................................. at me. Are you going on holiday next week? What are you going to do with your cats? (feed | about | see) Our neighbour promised that she would ..................................................... them. I am told that Sarah split up with her boyfriend last week. (on | pretend | go) Yes, she did. She couldn't ............................................................. that everything was fine with all his affairs. Verbs followed by gerund Complete the sentences with the verbs offered Complain, become, sell, play, cheat, eat, lie, tell, work, get, leave, write, do, wake, have. He admitted ........................... on the test. You should avoid ............................... so much meat. Please, consider ............................. your house if you need money. I detest ...................... up when it's dark outside. She denied ................................. the taxi without paying. I enjoyed ........................ on the beach all day. My sister fancies ................................ a pop star. We finished ................................. our essays before noon. The job in the supermarket involved ............................ at night. I don't mind ...................... homework. Ha, ha. My colleague kept ............................... all the time. It was annoying. I took my umbrella. I didn't want to risk ......................... wet. She practised ............................ the piano all day. I really appreciate ......................... your advice. She couldn't resist ......................... us what she'd found out. Use gerund in the following sentences: Always check the oil, before you start the car. To praise all alike is praising none, I cannot go on to do nothing. To see is to believe. To give is better than to receive. To talk like this is foolish. She loves to sing songs. The miser hated to spend money. I am tired to wait. I like to read poetry. To walk is a good exercise. To teach grammar is very interesting. He is glad to meet you. Rosy did not like to stay indoors during holidays. To read in poor light will affect the eyes. To say hundred words where none is called for is the mark of a successful politician. He is afraid to hurt your feelings. Nobody really loves to work. Form a gerund of verbs in brackets.
TranslateusingGerund: Пожалуйста, прекратите шептаться. Мне нравится быть одному. Я никогда не чувствую себя одиноко. Я перешел дорогу, не посмотрев. Подумай хорошо (carefully), прежде чем принять решение. Попробуй нажать на кнопку! Она закончила красить свою квартиру. Ты можешь представить свою жизнь без ТВ? Я правда не могу терпеть ждать автобус. Я не мог не засмеяться. Мы попытались открыть окно, но на улице было так жарко, что это не помогло. Вам следует прекратить курить, это плохо для Вашего здоровья. Я сожалею, что рассказал Джулии свой секрет; она рассказала всем. Он всех поблагодарил за то, что пришли. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы помочь ей. Он отрицал, что видел ее. Она боится получить плохую оценку. Мои родители подумывают о том, чтобы поехать в Италию. Перестань плакать. Она не одобряет, что ее дети так много времени смотрят телевизор. Он простил ее за то, что она не писала ему. Он бросил курить. Вы не возражаете, если я приеду немного позже? Продолжайте писать. Бессмысленно спорить с ним. (argue) Это место стоит посетить. Она не возражает против того, чтобы поработать сегодня. Я избегал разговора с ним по этому вопросу (on this matter). Он получал большое удовольствие от разговора о своем путешествии. Пожалуйста, перестаньте смеяться над ним. Они хорошо решают задачи по математике (to solve problems). Я предложил поиграть в шахматы. Она не могла представить, как можно пойти на вечеринку без приглашения. Маленький брат не давал (мешал) мне делать уроки. Сhoose the appropriate preposition.
INFINITIVE
I want to ask you – Я хочу спросить тебя
I want to be asked – Я хочу, чтобы меня спросили
I happened to be asking her about you when you came in. – Так случилось, что я спрашивал ее о вас, когда вы вошли.
You could have asked me first. – Ты мог бы сначала спросить у меня.
She could have been asked by anybody – Ее мог спросить кто угодно.
He pretended to have been working all day. – Он претворился, что работал весь день. Function in the sentences Subject: To run every morning is very useful habit. Adverbial modifier: I turned on the light to see what time it was. Object: The pupils were glad to have been given a holiday. Attribute: I bought them the coffee to drink. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||