Учебное пособие English ad Verbum
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 Дорогие первокурсники! Вы держите в руках учебное пособие «English ad Verbum», и это значит, что вы хотите учиться и предпочитаете делать это с удовольствием! Мы не случайно назвали наше пособие «English ad Verbum», тем самым определив общий настрой процесса обучения. Мы полагаем, что занятия английским языком вызывают у вас только положительные эмоции. Как известно, сделанное с радостью, приносит двойную пользу. «English ad Verbum» – дополненное и переработанное издание учебного пособия «Per Aspera ad Astra». В нем появились новые разделы не только для вас, но и для преподавателя. Вы любите анекдоты и шутки? В этом пособии они есть в каждом разделе, а если вы человек серьезный, то этот раздел можно и пропустить. Возможно, вас заинтересует уникальный сленговый материал. Если захочется проверить правильность перевода, выискивать в словарях значения сленговых выражений не придется, они представлены в диалогах в двух вариантах. Есть в пособии и еще один интересный раздел. Если вы человек нерешительный и трудно принимаете решения, то этот раздел для вас. Заинтригованы? Тогда смелее вперед! А теперь расскажем о структуре пособия, которое состоит из введения, 7 глав, списка литературы и специализированных блоков, выделенных в самостоятельные разделы. Каждая глава посвящена определенной разговорной теме и включает задания, составленные на основе разнообразных аутентичных текстов. Вы увидите, что часть заданий отмечены звездочкой – это задания повышенной сложности (уровень Upper Intermediate). Есть в пособии грамматический блок, включающий упражнения по грамматическим темам и соответствующий требованиям рабочей программы. В отдельный блок вошли тексты для дополнительного чтения. Для удобства работы тексты сгруппированы в соответствии с темами глав. Раздел “Keep the conversation going” представляет собой подборку писем, в которых вполне реальные люди описывают затруднительные для них ситуации и спрашивают совет у психолога. Раздел “Teacher’s corner” предназначен исключительно для преподавателя и представляет собой дополнительный материал к урокам: скороговорки, разнообразные игры, уникальный сленговый материал и многое другое. Все использованные ситуации логично связаны с темами практических занятий. Gaudeamus, igitur, juvenes dum sumus… Авторы  Unit 1. MEETING PEOPLE Introduction Read the following English proverbs, think of their Russian equivalents. Comment on them 1. So many countries, so many customs. 2. East or West – home is best. 3. There is no place like home. Vocabulary to Text 1 to introduce smb to – представить кого-либо nowadays – в настоящее время newcomer – вновь прибывший, незнакомец to present smb to smb – представить кого-либо royal – королевский to pronounce – произносить as a rule – как правило to add – добавлять conversation – беседа, разговор response – ответ perfectly – совершенно to remain – оставаться handshaking – рукопожатие rare – редкий to touch – касаться especially – особенно instead – вместо этого however – однако Text 1 1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks following it Introducing People Manners are very important in every country but different countries have different ideas about what good behavior and good manners are. Nowadays, many people travel abroad, so it is important to learn a little about what to do (and what not to do) in a foreign country. Here are a few rules of introduction which are useful to remember: 1) men are introduced to women; 2) young people to older ones; 3) old friends to newcomers; 4) a young girl to a married woman. Socially women are never presented to a man unless he is the Head of State or a member of the Royal family. The most simple form of introduction is the pronouncing of the two names: Man to man “Mr Walters. Mr Jordan.” “Mr Walters, this is Mr Jordan.” Man to woman (give her name first) “Miss Blake. Mr Jordan.” “Miss Blake, this is Jack Jordan.” The more formal forms of introduction are: The most formal form of introduction is: “Mr Walters, may I present Mr Jordan?” (allow me to present…) “Miss Blake, may I present Mr Jordan?” There are also a number of conversational introductions such as: “Mr Walters, have you met Mr Jordan?” “Mrs Blake, do you know Mr Jordan?” As a rule when introducing one says something like: “Mrs Jones, may I introduce Mr Hogart?” and then turning to Mr Hogart simply say: “Mrs Jones”. That is all that is necessary, but one may add: “Mr Hogart has just returned from a visit to France”, or some other bit of information which will give the introduced people a chance to start a conversation. The usual response to an introduction is “How do you do”, which is a sort of greeting and not a question (about your health) and the best answer to it is “How do you do”. Sometimes one may say less formally: “I am glad to meet you”, “Happy to meet you” or just “Hello”. It is very good to add the name of the person introduced – “I’m very glad to meet you, Mr Jordan.” If you did not remember the name it is perfectly all right simply to ask “What was your name, please?” or “Could you kindly repeat (give) your name?” Always stand when introduced, ladies may remain seated as a rule. Handshaking is rather rare in Britain and USA but it is the correct thing to do on the Continent. When an Englishman passes a friend in the street he only touches his hat. He does not shake hands when he stops to talk. British people occasionally shake hands especially when formally introduced, but they do not shake hands with people they see often. Instead they smile and say: “Good morning”, “Good afternoon”, “Good evening”, etc. When two businessmen meet, however, they usually shake hands. 2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in sentences of your own 1) manners 1) вместо этого 2) как правило 2) как правило 3) однако, тем не менее 3) однако, тем не менее 4) манеры 3) однако, тем не менее 4) манеры 5) рукопожатие 2) nowadays 3) abroad 4) newcomer 5) to present 6) unless 7) royal family 8) to pronounce 9) conversation 10) to add 11) response 12) greeting 13) how do you do? 14) perfectly all right 15) to remain seated 5) рукопожатие 2) nowadays 3) abroad 4) newcomer 5) to present 4) манеры 5) рукопожатие 6) особенно 7) в настоящее время 8) здравствуйте 9) Европа (здесь) 10) здороваться 11) иногда 12) незнакомец 13) добавлять 2) как правило 3) однако, тем не менее 4) манеры 5) рукопожатие 6) особенно 7) в настоящее время 8) здравствуйте 9) Европа (здесь) 10) здороваться 11) иногда 12) незнакомец 13) добавлять 14) королевская семья 15) беседа 16) as a rule 17) to shake hands 18) the Content 19) occasionally 20) especially 21) instead 22) however 23) handshaking16) приветствие 17) продолжать сидеть 18) заграница 19) если не 20) представлять кого-либо 21) ответ 22) произносить 23) вполне нормально, совершенно правильно TranslAte the following questions into English, then answer them 1. Какие правила представления упоминаются в тексте? 2. Всегда ли мужчину представляют женщине? 3. Какие формы представления используются в официальной обстановке? 4. Какие разговорные формы представления вы знаете? 5. Как можно представить мужчину женщине? 6. Что обычно говорят при знакомстве? 7. Как правильно перевести “How do you do?” на русский язык. Это вопрос? Vocabulary to Text 2 to establish – устанавливать to maintain – поддерживать relations – отношения reason – причина politeness – вежливость friendliness – дружелюбие frequently – часто surname – фамилия increasingly – все более и более apart from – кроме to appear – появляться recently – недавно exception – исключение to mention – упоминать to mark – отмечать to address – обращаться respect – уважение to perform – выполнять to sound – звучать ridiculous – нелепый, смешной however – однако to be surprised – удивляться to be on a stay – пребывать где-то, гостить service – услуга to consider – считать, полагать instead – вместо этого Text 2 1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks following it Forms of Address Just like Russians and other nations, the British use different kinds of names and titles for establishing and maintaining social relations. There are lots of different reasons for choosing an adequate name or a title. The main reasons are as follows: 1) the relationship of the speaker with the other person; 2) the degree of formality; 3) the degree of politeness and friendliness and the like. The most frequently used titles in English-speaking countries are Mr., Mrs., Miss. These are used by the British when they speak to people they do not know very well. As a rule, Mr., Mrs., Miss are followed by the surname, for example: “Mr. Allen” to a man, “Mrs. Allen” to a married woman, “Miss Allen” to a girl or a woman who has never been married or divorced. Now it is increasingly frequently used by married women who do not want to take their husband’s surname. Apart from the above titles there appeared recently a new title used by modern women who do not wish to be identified as married or unmarried. It is Ms. [miz], e.g.: Ms. Sue Smith. R e m e m b e r: it is not polite to use these titles alone without the surname. The only exception is “Miss” which is widely used as a form of address to a woman-teacher by primary schoolchildren. No title is used before a first name when the surname is not mentioned, e.g.: Tom or Jane. Titles can be used more generally to a mark the speaker’s relation to the person addressed. For example, Sir and Madam are vocatives which mark respect or distance to a stranger. These are used to men and women by people performing a service for the public, e.g.: some shopkeepers, policemen, a ticket collector, etc. But you’ll sound ridiculous if you use any of these vocatives yourself. However, don’t be surprised if someone uses one of them to you when you’re on a stay in Britain. Other titles of respect and some professional titles can be used as vocatives: Ladies and Gentlemen (formal opening of a speech) My lord! (to a peer, a bishop, a British judge, etc.) Your Excellency (to an ambassador) Mr. President Prime Minister Officer (to a policeman of any rank by everybody) Father (to a priest) Doctor (to a medical doctor) Waiter/Waitress/Porter/Nurse, etc. (to people who give you service). However these professional titles are considered by many impolite now. Instead British people prefer to say “Excuse me, (please)?” 2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in sentences of your own 1) to establish and maintain relations 2) relationship 3) politeness 4) friendliness 5) as a rule 6) to divorce 7) apart from 8) exception 9) form of address 10) primary schoolchildren 11) to mention 12) to sound ridiculous 13) to be surprised 14) to be on a stay 15) instead 16) increasingly frequently 1) ученики начальной школы 2) форма обращения 3) гостить, останавливаться 4) разводиться 5) устанавливать и поддерживать связи 6) вежливость 7) упоминать 8) удивляться 9) вместо этого 10) кроме 11) как правило 12) исключение 13) связь, отношение 14) все чаще и чаще 15) звучать нелепо 16) дружелюбие 3. Answer the following questions 1. What kind of names and titles do the British use for establishing and maintaining social relations? 2. Does the age of the person you are speaking to have anything to do with the form of address in English? 3. What English titles show respect to strangers? 4. What vocatives should be used to get somebody’s attention? 5. What vocatives should be used to address the people who give you service? 6. What familiar forms of address are there in English? DIALOGUES Read and practise the following flashes of conversation 1. (Mr. Cole is speaking to Mr. Ivanov when Mr. Brown comes up to them.) Mr. Cole: Mr. Ivanov, Mr. Brown. Mr. Ivanov: How do you do, Mr. Brown? Mr. Brown: How do you do, Mr. Ivanov? 2. Mr. Cole: Mr. Brown, may I introduce Boris Ivanov, a visitor from Russia. Mr. Brown: How do you do, Mr. Ivanov? Glad to meet you. Mr. Ivanov: How do you do? 3. Mr. Ivanov: Could you introduce me to Mr. Brown of the British Trade Delegation? Mr. Ivanov: How do you do? 4. Mr. Cole: Miss Blake, do you know Mr. Ivanov? Miss Blake: How do you do, Mr. Ivanov? Mr. Ivanov: How do you do? 5. Mr. Cole: Miss Blake, have you met Mr. Ivanov from the Novosti Press Agency? Miss Blake: I’m happy to meet you, Mr. Ivanov. Mr. Ivanov: Delighted. 6. Mr. Cole: Jack, I’d like you to meet my wife. Mary, this is my friend Jack. Mary Cole: Hello, glad to meet you, Jack. Jack Brown: I’m glad to meet you too, Mary. Dialogue 1 Read the following role-playing dialogue and analyse the use of tenses John: Oh, let’s go and have a cup of tea, Pauline. I think we’ve earned a rest after all this sight-seeing! Pauline: I think that’s a very good idea. Oh, John, look over there. There’s a man waving (машет рукой). I think he’s waving to you. John: Waving? To me – ? Oh, good gracious (боже мой), that's Peter Harvey. I haven’t seen him for years. We were at school together. Pauline: Well, he’s coming over, and there’s a girl with him, too. John: Oh, I expect that’s his wife. Yes, I remember now, someone told me he was married. Peter: Hello, John. How are you? John: Hello, Peter. I haven’t seen for ages. Peter: You haven’t met my wife, have you? Mary, this is my old friend, John Hicks. Mary: How do you do, Mr Hicks? Peter has often talked about you. John: How do you do, Mrs Harvey? Oh, Pauline, may I introduce Mr and Mrs Harvey? Miss Maxtell. Pauline: How do you do, Mrs Harvey? Mary: How do you do, Miss Maxtell? Peter: How do you do, Miss Maxtell? Happy to see you. John: Pauline is over here for a short visit and I’ve been showing her round. Dialogue 2 Read the following dialogue. Then use the model and perform a conversation of your own Louis: Hi. Sorry I’m late. Gina: Oh, that’s OK. We just got here. Louis, this is my fiancé, Max. Max, this is my old friend, Louis. We went to school together. Max: Hi, Louis. I’m really glad to meet you. Louis: Hi, Max. I’ve heard a lot about you. Max: All good, I hope! Gina: Louis just got back from California. Max: Really? How was it? Louis: It was fantastic. Gina: You went with your brother, didn’t you? Louis: Yeah. We saw a lot of California, that’s for sure! Max: I hear you like golf. Louis: Love it! We played at six different golf courses. Do you play? Max: I sure do! How about a game this weekend? Gina: Uh-oh. I was afraid of this. Dialogue 3 Read and translate the following dialogue Alice: Hello, Giovanni. Good to see you again. How are you? Giovanni: Just, fine. And you? Alice: Oh, not too bad. Giovanni, do you know Bryan Turner? Bryan, this is Giovanni Toncini. He’s from Italy. He works in Rome. Bryan: Pleased to meet you, Mr Toncini. Giovanni: Please, call me Giovanni. Bryan: And I’m Bryan. Alice: Have a seat, Giovanni. Giovanni: Thank you. Alice: How about some coffee? Giovanni? Giovanni: Yes, please. Black with sugar, please. Dialogue 4 Read and dramatize the following dialogue. Work in pair Greeting People A. What must I say when I am introduced to someone? B. Oh, just “How do you do?” A. And what do they answer? B. “How do you do?” A. But it seems nonsense, I ask them a question about their health and they don’t give an answer; instead they ask me a question which I don’t answer. B. Yes, I suppose it is rather stranger, but we don’t think of “How do you do?” as a question – it’s just a greeting. If you really wanted to know about a friend’s health you would say “How are you?” A. Oh, yes, I’ve heard that; and what do they answer? B. “Very well”, “Thank you”, “How are you?” A. And what do you say if you are not very well?” B. Just “Not very well” or “Not too well”. A. That’s good. It’s just what I wanted. Dialogue 5 Complete the open dialogue At the Friendship House An exhibition of paintings of a well-known British artist opens at the Friendship House. Mr. Serov, the secretary of “Russia-Great Britain Society” introduces Mr. Porter to professor Popov, the president of the society before the official opening. Mr. Serov: Mr. Porter, may I ….… the president of our Society, Professor Popov? Mr. Porter: … , professor? Professor Popov: …, Mr. Porter, welcome to our Friendship House. We are happy … . Mr. P.: You are …, thank you. May I … my wife, Mrs. Porter? Prof. P.: …, Mrs. Porter. I’m delighted you accepted our invitation. I believe this is your first visit to our country, … ? Mrs. P.: … I’ve heard many positive things about your Society and its activities. Prof. P.: … Cultural contacts between our two countries are developing and this exhibition is another good example. Mrs. Porter, will you please cut the ribbon and let’s invite our guests to see the pictures. Mrs. P.: … Mr. P.: … EXERCISES 1. Complete these conversations. Then practise them
B. – _____________
B. – Pleased to meet you.
B. –______________
B. – ______________
B. – Hi.
B: No, it _________ my ________ Crossman. A: Oh, I’m sorry, Ms. Crossman.
B: Yes, _________ . A: ________ Roger Miller. Pleased to meet you.
B: Yes, ________ . A: ________ , Mrs. Smith. B: How do you do, Mr. White?
3. You are on a stay in Britain on an exchange programme. Say how you would address each of the following: 1. an old man you don’t know. 2. a policeman. 3. your foreign colleague, whose name is Sam Smith. 4. his wife, whose name is Jane. 5. his daughter Ella, who is not married. 6. your friend’s professor, Bruce Baker. 7. the lady next door who is divorced. Her name is Ann Smith. 8. Lily Brown, whose marital status you don’t know. She is in her thirties. 4. Translate into English.
– Здравствуйте, господин Никитин. – Здравствуйте, господин Джонсон.
– Здравствуйте, господин Петров. Рад с вами познакомиться. – Здравствуйте, господин Джонсон. Я также очень рад.
– С удовольствием. Господин Томпсон, разрешите вам представить господина Петрова из Российского Посольства. – Очень рад, господин Петров. – Здравствуйте, господин Томпсон.
– Да. Добрый вечер, господин Петров. – Добрый вечер, мисс Грин, рад вас видеть снова.
– Элиза, это мой друг Генри. – Очень рада познакомиться с вами, Генри. – Я также очень рад, Элиза. 5. Questions on the topic 1. What are the main forms of address in the Russian language? 2. What is the most common form of address in your language? 3. Are Russians sensitive about titles and names? 4. What do the forms of address a person uses depend on in your language? 5. What differences are there in the way the British address strangers and the way people do it in your language? 6. Are the forms of address used by people in your culture in official situations the same as they use speaking to friends? 7. Do people in your culture quickly shift to a first name basis? 8. What about occupational vocatives? Do they exist in your language? 9. Are the forms of address used by older people the same as those used by the younger generation? 10. Do you know a person that you address in different ways at different times? 11. “What’s in a name?” Shakespeare once wrote. If you had to answer the question “What’s in a title?”, what would you say? Give examples from your language. JOKES AND FUN Read the stories and anecdotes. «How To Meet Men». A very amusing and intelligent writer went to work for a large magazine in New York. She loved her job and only one complaint: she had no opportunity to meet any of the other writers. Most of them were men, and they behaved as if they didn’t know she was there. One day she was having lunch with Ellen, an old friend who knew about her problem. «How are things going at the office?» asked Ellen. «Just fine,» she answered. «Have you met any interesting men?» she asked. The writer smiled and answered, «I’ve met every man in the office.» «Really!» said Ellen. «How did you do it?» «It was easy,» said the writer. «I just put a sign on my office door.» «A sign?» said Ellen. «What did it say?» «Oh,» said the writer, «it was just three letters, M-E-N.» THE ACTIVITIES Find someone who... Procedure: Brief pair conversations. You have 2 minutes to walk around the room and find at least one person in the group who was born in the same month as you were: you get one point for every person you find in the time. Then you have to find someone who was born on the same day of the month. Give further similar tasks for as much time as you have. At the end, see how many points each student has. Find someone who...
ROLE PLAY Act out one of the following situations. 1. Tom and his friend are walking through the park when Tom meets an old friend of his, Alan. They greet one another and Tom introduces Alan to his friend. Alan asks Tom and his friend to have a cup of coffee with him. 2. Your fellow – student and a friend of yours are at a disco. Your fellow – student introduces you to a British student. Greet him/her and introduce your friend to him/her. 3. Your friend’s uncle has just arrived at the airport. You’ve never seen him before. It’s 3 o’clock in the afternoon. Act out the situation. Unit 2. FAMILY Introduction Read the following English proverbs, think of their Russian equivalents |