Чудесные английские существительные. Wonderful english nouns
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Упражнение 2. Работаем в зоне настоящего (Second Conditional). Переведите предложения, не забывая, что в главном предложении место ‘would’ может занимать модальный глагол, а инфинитив может быть пассивным или длительным; в придаточном предложении может встречаться как Past Simple, так и Past Continuous, Active & Passive.
Упражнение 3. Продолжаем работать в зоне настоящего. Переведите предложения, используя ‘if it were not for…’ / ‘but for…’ в значении ‘если бы не…’.
Упражнение 4. Переходим в зону прошлого. Переведите предложения на английский язык. Внимательно ставьте форму глаголов, не забывая, что в главном предложении место ‘would’ может занимать модальный глагол, а инфинитив может быть длительным; в придаточном предложении может встречаться как Past Perfect, так и Past Perfect Continuous, не забудьте также про страдательный залог.
Упражнение 6. Mixed Conditionals. Помните, что в этих предложениях одна половинка высказывания находится в зоне настоящего (2 Conditional), а другая – в зоне прошлого (3 Conditional).
Упражнение 8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме. Не забывайте, что главный вопрос – в какой зоне находится высказывание! Сделать это очень легко, потому что одна половина предложения открыта. Только не забудьте, что иногда половинки предложений находятся в разных зонах. 1. If I had this rare book, I would gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish wouldn’t have been much tastier if she were a better cook. 3. He would have never phoned you if I hadn’t reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother would become much stronger if he took cold bath regularly. 5. If he were more courageous, he wouldn’t be afraid. 6. If fishermen were less patient, they wouldn’t catch fish. 7. If you had put the ice cream into the refrigerator, it wouldn’t have melted. 8. If I knew the result now, I would phone him immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I would have brought you my book. 10. If it snows, the children will play snowballs. 11. If I didn’t know English, I wouldn’t be able to enjoy Byron’s poetry. 12. I wouldn’t do it if you didn’t ask me. 13. If men had no weapons, would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish your work if you waste your time like that. 15. If I had his telephone number, I would easily settle this matter with you. Упражнение 9. Чуть посложнее, потому что на этот раз обе половинки предложений закрыты. Нужно опять раскрыть скобки, поставив глаголы в нужную форму. Некоторые предложения, находясь в совершенно определенной зоне, допускают только один вариант понимания. Но в других случаях смысл можно понять по-разному. Попробуйте сделать их в разных типах. Переведите все предложения на русский язык и отметьте, в какой зоне они находятся. 1. If I were you, I would definitely help her. 2. You will not be able to pass the examination, unless you work hard. 3. The sky is cloudy. It’s a pity. If the weather were fine, the stars would be clearly seen. 4. I don’t want to go to the sanatorium. I will feel very lonely, if I do not have any friends there. 5. We have finished our work and are free now. We will be able to go to the country tomorrow, if it does not rain. 6. If I were you, I would follow her advice. 7. We will sign the contract, provided that you give us a 3% discount. 8. I will forgive you on condition that you promise it’s the last time you have offended me. 9. The trees wouldn’t have been broken unless the storm had broken out. 10. I f your car were/had been in better condition, I would buy/would have bought it. 11. I won’t buy a second-hand car, unless it is in good condition. 12. If I had known that the car was in so bad condition, I would not have bought it. 13. $2000 a month! Sounds promising! If I get this job, I will be able to afford a car. 14. You will not go for a walk, unless you have done all the exercises. 15. I will knock at his door quietly in case he is sleeping. 16. If I had been warned about it beforehand, I would have taken urgent measure. 17. The ground would not be so wet, unless it had been raining at night. 18. I would be very glad, if I were given a bicycle as a birthday present. But it is so expensive! 19. He will phone/ would have phoned you, if he has / had had time. 20. We will have to take a detour (объезд) in case the road is closed. 21. I will not buy a car, unless it is red. 22. Mike couldn’t have bought a new flat, unless his friends and relatives had lent him money. Упражнение 10. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на зону высказывания. 1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали. He has changed so much. If you met him you wouldn’t recognize him.2. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. If I were you I would ask parents for advice. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. If a tram arrived now we wouldn’t be late. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстроит, он был бы осторожнее. If he had known that this would make you upset he would have been more careful. 5. Если бы вы помогли мне решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень признателен. I would be very grateful if you could help me solve the problem. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в голову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сделали работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свободны. It’s a pity we hadn’t thought of searching the book in the library. We would have done the work in time and would be free now. 7. Жаль, что у нас так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы знали язык лучше. It’s a pity we have so few lessons. If we had had more we would know the language better. 8. Если бы он был умнее, он не пошел вчера бы в лес. If he were cleverer he wouldn’t have gone to the forest yesterday. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. If you had warned me beforehand I would already be in Moscow. 10. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. If she hadn’t sent this letter yesterday my brother would be at home now. Упражнение-карточка 1.
Упражнение-карточка 2.
WORDPOWER A. Fill in the blanks with “refuse” or “deny” in the appropriate form.
B. Fill in the blanks with “include” or “involve” in the appropriate form .
C. Fill in the blanks with “stay” or “remain” in the appropriate form .
D. Fill in the blanks with “carry” or “bring” in the appropriate form .
E. Fill in the blanks with “influence” or “affect” in the appropriate form .
REVISION A. Translate the following sentences using little, a little, few, a few. 1. В том, что рассказывают разбойники, мало правды. There is little truth in what the robbers tell. 2. Он немного подумал, прежде чем ответить. He thought a little before he answered. 3. Погода стала немного лучше. The weather got a little better. 4. Не уходи, мы будем обедать через несколько минут. Don’t leave, we are going to have dinner in a few minutes. 5. Мало кто понимает дракона, он говорит с сильным акцентом. Few people understand the dragon he speaks with a strong accent. 6. Людоед, в отличие от ослика, всегда мало говорит. Unlike the donkey the ogre always speaks little. 7. Мало кто ездит этим поездом. Few people go by this train. 8. Я увижу гнома через несколько дней. I will see the dwarf in a few days. 9. Мало кто знает о том, что любят делать эльфы в свободное время. Few people know what elves like to do in their free time. 10. Только несколько человек ответили правильно на этот вопрос. Only a few people gave the right answer to this question. 11. – Хотите еще пирога? – Да, немного. – Would you like some more pie? – Yes, a little. 12. Немногие в моей семье похожи на меня. Few people in my family look like me. 13. В этой реке меньше крокодилов. There are fewer crocodiles in this river. 14. Давай меньше советов и не раздражай людей. Give less advice and don’t irritate people. C. Translate into English paying special attention to the use of articles. 1. Английский, на котором мы говорим сегодня – это не английский начала века. The English we speak today is not the English of the beginning of the century. 2. Рейс 356 из Гааги прибывает через четверть часа. Flight 356 from the Hague arrives in a quarter of an hour. 3. Булочная находится на противоположной стороне улицы. The baker’s is on the opposite side of the road. 4. У тебя орфографическая ошибка в третьем абзаце, в предложении девять. You have a spelling mistake in the third passage, in sentence nine. 5. Ольга купила новый словарь. Она заплатила за него полстипендии. Olga has bought a new dictionary. She has paid half her stipend for it. 6. Полицейский заметил странного человека около банка. Он узнал парня. Он был известным грабителем. The policeman noticed a strange man near the bank. He recognized the guy. He was a notorious robber. 7. Жил-был волшебник. Он мог творить чудеса. Once there lived a wizard. He could do miracles. 8. Однажды я нашел в библиотеке эльфа древнюю книгу. А в книге я наткнулся (to come across) на очень любопытный рецепт. Once I found an ancient book in the elf’s library. And in the book I came across a most curious recipe. 9. Студенты, которых он учит, делают большие успехи. The students he teaches are making good progress. 10. Не могу понять текст – язык такой трудный. I can’t understand the text: the language is so difficult. 11. Это минеральная вода. Вода газированная. This is mineral water. The water is sparkling. 12. Я наконец нашел нового тренера. Тренер очень опытный. At last I have found a new coach. The coach is very experienced. 13. Пора сделать перерыв и перекусить. It’s time to have a break and eat something.14. У лгуна должна быть хорошая память. A liar should have good memory. 15. Обидно сидеть дома в такое прекрасное утро. Давайте прогуляемся по парку, а? It’s a pity to stay home on such a fine morning. Let take a walk in the park, shall we? D. Find one mistake in each of the following sentences. 1. We had to admit that she was right. 2. They turned to a private detective to investigate the disappearance of the dog. 3. I have a lot to read for tomorrow’s exam. 4. What would you do if you were in my shoes? 5. Ann didn’t go to the library yesterday as she had a birthday. 6. Where would you go for a holiday if you could afford it? 7. The patient is sorry that he lost control of himself and spoke to the doctor rudely. 8. Mike disturbed me in the middle of the night but the matter was really urgent. 9. She couldn’t find - accommodation in the city. 10. It’s so annoying but we have to go. 11. Marina didn’t invite her classmates to her party. 12. My students are not always in time for classes. 13. I didn’t work hard when I was at school. 14. If I lived in England I wouldn’t have any problems with my English. 15. Such literature is sold in special shops. 16. New roses have been planted in her garden. 17. These data will have been collected by the end of the year. 18. One can’t learn a foreign language in a few weeks. 19. The manager sent the fax to them last night. 20. They filled the glasses and made another toast. E. Make the sentences passive. 1. They offered me the vacancy. The vacancy was offered to me. 2. The boss has given us all the instructions. We have been given all the instructions. 3. We showed the girls our buys. The girls were shown to our buys. 4. Father promised me a new snowboard. I was promised a new snowboard. 5. Somebody told him the truth. He was told the truth. 6. Ben offered the fellow a beer. The fellow was offered a beer.7. The expert will offer you several solutions to the problem. You will be offered several solutions to the problem. 8. You can hear this hit everywhere. This hit can be heard everywhere. 9. You shouldn’t put fruit into the fridge. Fruit shouldn’t be put into the fridge. 10. They have taken these examples from literature. Those examples have been taken from literature. 11. Philosophers very often refer to this quotation. This quotation is often referred to by philosophers. 12. Have you sent for the doctor yet? Has the doctor been sent for yet? 13. Don’t put this hat on, or people will laugh at you. …or you will be laughed at. 14. People speak a lot about the latest events. The latest events are much spoken about. 15. The surgeon is operating on the boy. The boy is being operated on. F. Use the words in the brackets to form a word that fits in each space. The first one is done for you. It is important that you should learn to enjoy simple joys, because that is extremely (extreme) English. All serious Englishmen (English) play darts and cricket and a variety (vary) of other games; a famous (fame) English statesman was reported to be catching butterflies in the interval between giving up two European (Europe) states to the Germans; during the war there was even some misunderstanding (understand) with the French because they considered the habit of English soldiers of singing (sing) and playing (play) football and hide-and-seek and blind man’s bluff slightly childish (child). Dull and pompous foreigners (foreign) are unable to understand why ex-cabinet ministers get together and sing Daisy, Daisy in choir; why respectable (respect) businessmen play with toy locomotives while their children learn trigonometry in the neighbouring (neighbour) room; why High Court Judges collect rare birds when rare birds are rare and they cannot collect many in any case. They cannot grasp why people sing when alone (lone) and yet sit silent and dumb for hours on end in their clubs, not uttering a word for months in the most distinguished (distinguish) company and consider themselves privileged (privilege). G. Translate into English paying special attention to the use of prepositions. 1. Маленькая девочка боялась темноты. The little girl was afraid of darkness. 2. Нора была так сердита на свою племянницу, что не хотела с ней разговаривать. Nora was so angry with her niece that she didn’t want to speak to her. 3. Вы согласны со мной? Do you agree with me? 4. Бандиты договорились о месте встречи. The gangsters agreed upon the place of the meeting. 5. Скорый поезд № 39 прибыл на станцию вовремя. Fast train 39 arrived at the station on time. 6. Обезьяны просили доктора Айболита о помощи? Did the monkeys ask Aibolit for help? 7. Когда охотники вернулись в поселок (settlement), их никто не встретил. When the hunters came back to the settlement nobody met them. 8. Они назвали ребенка Дэвидом в честь отца. They called the child David after his father. 9. Она разочарована в своем новом знакомом. She is disappointed in her new friend. 10. Билл нашел себе работу, чтобы не зависеть от родителей. Bill found himself a job not to be dependent on parents. 11. Разговор произвел на меня сильное впечатление. The conversation made a great impression on me. 12. Сын жабы женился на Дюймовочке, потому что его мать настояла на этом. The toad’s son married D because his mother insisted on that. 13. В школе над ним смеялись. At school he was laughed at.14. Ты не интересуешься футболом, правда? You are not interested in football, are you? 15. Когда я вошел в комнату, кот лежал на диване, слушая радио. When I entered the room the cat was lying on the sofa listening to the radio. 16. Не кричите на собаку. Она вас боится. Don’t shout at the dog. She’s afraid of you. 17. Не обращайте внимания на этот шум. Don’t take notice of / pay attention to that noise. 18. Котенок жил один, о нем никто не заботился, и он часто страдал от голода и холода. The kitten lived alone with no one to take care of him and he often suffered from hunger and cold. 19. А почему вы не принимали участие в обсуждении? And why didn’t you take part in the discussion? 20. Не бросайте камни в животное! Don’t throw stones at the animal! H. Translate into English these funny phrases paying attention to the use of modal verbs. 1. Не ищи отговорок (lame excuse), они всегда должны быть под рукой. Don’t look for lame excuses, they should also be at your fingers’ end. 2. Я люблю работу. Она очаровывает меня. Я могу сидеть и смотреть на нее часами! I like work. I can sit and watch it for hours. 3. Должно быть, самая плохая примета - это когда черный кот разбивает зеркало пустым ведром. The worst sign must be a black cat breaking a mirror with an empty bucket. 4. Чтобы поверили в ложь, нужно разместить ее между двумя правдами. To make people believe in a lie it should be placed between two true statements. 5. Мечты должны быть несбыточными. Иначе это не мечты, а планы. Dreams should be unrealizable. Otherwise they are not dreams but plans. 6. Лгуну надо иметь хорошую память. A liar should have good memory. 7. Просто не представляю, как мы сможем без вас обойтись, но мы попробуем. I just can’t imagine how we will do without you, but we’ll try. 8. Голова болеть не может. Ведь это - кость. A head can’t ache. It’s a bone after all. 9. - Это надо было сделать еще вчера! - Значит сегодня уже поздно? Можно расслабиться? – This should have been done yesterday! – Does this mean that now it’s too late an I may relax? 10. Имея один маркер, можно изрисовать (cover with drawings) всё, кроме этого маркера. Имея два маркера, можно изрисовать вообще всё! If you have a marker you may cover with drawings everything except this marker. If you have two markers you can cover with drawings everything at all. 11. Я человек нетребовательный, мне много не надо, главное - чтобы побольше. I am not exigent. I don’t need much, the main thing is more. 12. Такой я человек - зла не помню. Приходится записывать. So, this is what a person I am – I don’t remember evil. I have to take it down. 13. Только женские руки могут так нежно уложить асфальт. Only woman’s hands can lay asphalt so tenderly. 14. Хорошо зафиксированный больной в анeстезии не нуждается. A well fixed patient doesn’t need anesthetics. 15. Тиха украинская ночь... Но сало (lard) надо перепрятать. The Ukrainian night is quiet… But lard should be hidden anew. 16. Чтобы слова не расходились (be at conflict) с делом, нужно молчать и ничего не делать. If you want words not to be at conflict with action you should keep silent and do nothing. 17. В каждой женщине должна быть загадка, а также подсказка (prompting) и отгадка. Every woman should have a riddle, a prompting and an answer. 18. Мечтай осторожно. Ты это можешь получить. Be cautious while dreaming. You may get it. 19. Сначала вы сделали из мухи слона, а теперь этого слона надо кормить! At first you made a mountain out of a mole hill and now you have to climb it. 20. Для такого мнения зубов у вас должно быть в два раза больше. To hold such an opinion you should have twice as many teeth. I. Focusonphrasalverbs. Fillinthegapswiththecorrect form of the phrasal verbs below: wake up / drop off / lie down / get out / write down A tramp was sitting on a park bench, feeling very tired. So, he decided to lie down and go to sleep. He had been sleeping for about 5 minutes when a couple walked by. The man stopped, woke up the tramp , and asked him, "Excuse me. Do you know what the time is?" The tramp replied, "I'm sorry - I don't have a watch, so I don't know the time." The man apologized for waking the tramp and the couple walked away. The tramp lay down again, and after a few minutes went back to sleep. Just then, a woman, who was out walking her dog, gently shook the tramp's shoulder until he woke up again. The woman said, "I'm sorry to trouble you, but I'm afraid I've lost my watch - do you happen to know the time?" The tramp was a little annoyed at being woken up again, but he politely told the woman that he didn't have a watch and didn't know the time. After the woman had gone, the tramp had an idea. He opened the bag that contained all his possessions and got out a pen, a piece of paper and some string. On the paper, he wrote down , 'I do not have a watch. I do not know the time'. He then hung the paper round his neck and eventually dropped off again. After about 15 minutes, a policeman who was walking through the park noticed the tramp asleep on the bench, and the sign around his neck. He woke the tramp up and said, "I read your sign. I thought you'd like to know that it's 2:30 p.m." |