Английский. пособие Химики АЯ. Introduction

• Название: Introduction
• Анкор: Английский
• Дата: 20.09.2022
• Размер: 3.05 Mb.
• Имя файла: пособие Химики АЯ.doc
• Тип: Документы; #686096
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Notes to the text:

1. 
   concise (adj) – краткий, сжатый
   
2. 
   exceedingly (adv) – чрезвычайно, очень
   
3. 
   cumbersome (adj) – громоздкий
   

3. In pairs, answer the following questions.

1. 
   What does the system of chemical symbols consist of?
   
2. 
   What are chemical elements, symbols derived from?
   
3. 
   How are inorganic molecules and compounds designated by?
   
4. 
   Is the notation for organic compounds complex? Why?
   

4. Read the text again and complete the sentences.

1. 
   The system of symbols consists of letters, numerals, and marks that are designed to ___________.
   
2. 
   Symbols of chemical elements are usually derived from ____________.
   
3. 
   Simple diatomic molecules of a single element are designated by ___________.
   
4. 
   Polyatomic molecules of a single element are designated by___________.
   
5. 
   Inorganic compounds are designated by____________.
   
6. 
   Organic compound can be designated by____________.
   

5 (a). Give Russian equivalents for the following English words, word combinations and chemical terms.

1) symbols; 2) consist of letters, numerals; 3) denote; 4) instantly recognizable description; 5) in many cases; 6) through the efforts of international conferences; 7) the scientific world; 8) greatly simplify; 9) diatomic molecules;

10) subscript; 11) numerical subscript; 12) corresponding to the number of atoms; 13) diatomic covalent molecules; 14) similar designation; 15) followed by; 16) numerical prefix; 17) exceedingly complex; 18) setting; 19) empirical formula method.

5 (b). Give English equivalents for the following Russian words, word combinations and chemical terms.

1) буква, знак, символ; 2) описание элемента; 3) происходить; 4) строчный; 5) многоатомная молекула; 6) нижний индекс; 7) числовой; 8) сложные неорганические вещества; 9) обозначать; 10) содержать в себе, включать, иметь в своём составе, вмещать; 11) согласованный; 12) приставка; 13) углеводороды; 14) насыщенный; 15) многоядерный; 16) соединение ароматического ряда; 17) алифатический; 18) система обозначений; 19) изображение.

6. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list below into the text and then translate the sentences into Russian:

corresponding to, formula, molecules, diatomic, subscriptions, polyatomic, electropositive.

Simple ___1) molecules of a single element are designated by the symbol for the element with a subscript 2, indicating that it contains 2 atoms. Thus the hydrogen molecule is H₂; the nitrogen molecule, N₂; and the oxygen molecule, O₂. ___2) molecules of a single element are designated by the symbol for the element with a numerical subscript ___3) the number of atoms in the molecule. Examples are the phosphorus molecule, P₄, and the sulphur molecule, S₈.

Diatomic covalent ___4), containing unlike elements are given similar designation. The formula for hydrogen chloride is HCl. The more ___5) element is always designated first in the formula.

For polyatomic covalent molecules containing unlike elements, numerical ___6) are used to designate number of atoms of each element present in the molecule, for example, water, H₂O. Again, as in diatomic molecules, more electropositive element is placed first in the ___7).
7. Combine two corresponding sentence parts.

1. Simple diatomic molecules of a single element are designated by the symbol	A P2, and the sulphur molecule, S8.
2. Thus the hydrogen molecule is H2; the nitrogen molecule,	B more electropositive element is placed first in the formula.
3. Polyatomic molecules of a single element are designated by the symbol for the element	C for the element with a subscript 2, indicating that it contains 2 atoms.
4. Examples are the phosphorus molecule,	D N2; and the oxygen molecule, O2.
5. Diatomic covalent molecules,	E numerical subscriptions are used to designate number of atoms of each element present in the molecule, for example, water, H2O.
6. The more electropositive element is	F containing unlike elements are given similar designation.
7. For polyatomic covalent molecules containing unlike elements,	G with a numerical subscript corresponding to the number of atoms in the molecule.
8. Again, as in diatomic molecules,	H always designated first in the formula.

8. Give English translation for:

Символы химических элементов (химические знаки) – условное обозначение химических элементов. Вместе с химическими формулами, схемами и уравнениями химических реакций образуют формальный язык химии – систему условных обозначений и понятий, предназначенную для краткой, ёмкой и наглядной записи и передачи химической информации.

Химическая формула – условное обозначение химического состава и структуры веществ с помощью символов химических элементов, числовых и вспомогательных знаков (скобок, тире и т. п.). Химические формулы являются составной частью языка химии, на их основе составляются схемы и уравнения химических реакций, а также химическая классификация и номенклатура веществ.

Химическая формула может обозначать или отражать: 1 молекулу или 1 моль вещества; качественный состав (из каких химических элементов состоит вещество); количественный состав (сколько атомов каждого элемента содержит реальная или условная молекула вещества).
9. Do you know how scientists name different elements? Which languages do most scientific words come from? Give your own examples of chemical elements, inorganic and organic compounds. Explain their designation.


10. Word Search. There are at least 10 hidden words. Find them!

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