ключи аракин 4курс. Ключи к Практическому курсу английского языка 4 курс
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8. Review the essential vocabulary and translate the following sentences into English: 1. Мы хотели пойти в театр, но из этого ничего не вышло. 2. Как к вам попала эта изумительная картина? 3. Как продвигается ваша работа? 4. Он часто делал свою сестру объектом насмешек. 5. Целью его звонка было пригласить меня в гости. 6. Учитель проработал большой материал за один час. 7. Ваше мнение вполне обоснованное. 8. Американские колонисты выступали против политики британского правительства увеличить налоги. 9. Что бы я ни просил, она делает наоборот. 10. Он имел обыкновение говорить, что первоначальная стадия в работе самая главная. 11. Предварительные переговоры послужили основой последующего соглашения. 12. Президента сопровождали в поездках три секретаря. 13. Именно он обратил мое внимание на эту картину. 14. Не обращайте внимания на то, что он говорит. 15. Он заверил меня в честности своего приятеля. 16. Его слова были для меня большой поддержкой. 17. Разговор с врачом успокоил меня. 18. Нас заставили уступить. I. We wanted to go to a theatre, but this has yielded nothing. 2. How was it that this amazing picture has come to you? 3. How is your work moving ahead? 4. He frequently made his sister as the object of ridicule/sneers. 5. The object of his bell was to in- vite me. 6. The teacher has been worked out big material for one hour. 7. Your opinion is well grounded one. You have a well-grounded opinion. You have your feet firm on the ground. 8. American colonists objected to/disputed the policy! of the British Government to increase taxes. 9. Whatever I asked, she [al- ways] does vice versa/ conversely/opposite. 10. He practises to say that the initial stage of work is the most important thing/one. II. initial talks (Pourparlers/Preliminary) have formed a basis/ ground of the subsequent agreement. 12. The president was accompanied with three secretaries on his trips. 13. It was he who attracted/drew my attention to this picture. 14. Do not pay/draw any attention to what he says. 15. He has assured me of his friend's honesty. 16. His words were the big assurance for me. 17. The conversation with the doctor has reassured me. 18. We were (forced to)/made yield. 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the essential vocabulary: 1. Can you tell me how the accident came about (happened)? 2. A good job that you enjoy doing is hard to come by (find). 3. She held a large round thing in her hand. 4. Your suggestion pleases me in everyway. 5. I can't do anything with him. 6. I oppose (am against) to this trip. 7. His first reaction was one of shock and resentment. 8. Are you listening to what is being said? 9. I was reassured (relieved) to hear his words. 10. Why are you so assured (What reason do you have for thinking) that he is to blame? Answer the following questions. Use the essential vocabulary: 1. What do we say about a patient who is doing well? 2. What do we say about a doctor who gives his attention to the patient? 3. What sort of person tries to be unaffected by personal feelings or prejudices? 4. What is another way of saying that we disapprove of rudeness? 5. What does one say to reassure a person who is frightened? 6. What is another way of saying that people sit facing each other? 7. What do they call a political party opposed to the government? 8. What is the usual affectionate way of referring to a small child or an animal ? 9. What phrase is often used to emphasize an important remark which follows? 10. Is it considered socially correct nowadays to call people by their first names? 11. What do we call capital letters at the beginning of a name? 12. What do we say about a person who does things according to his own plan and without help? 13. What is the teacher likely to say to an inattentive pupil? 14. How is one likely to feel on hearing that he is out of danger? 15. How can one inquire about the amount of fruit gathered (produced) Page 88 Fill in the blanks with prepositions and postlogues: 1. When I lifted the jug up, the handle came .off. .2. The child loved to watch the stars come .out.. at night. 3. Her hair come .down.. to her shoulders. 4. Come .on.., child, or we'll be late! 5. The meaning comes .out.. as you read further. 6. I've just come .by.. a beautiful poem in this book. 7. How did this dangerous state of affairs come .about.. ? 8. At this point, the water only comes .up to.. your knees. 9. Can you help me to open this bottle? The cork won't come .off... 10. I came .by.. an old friend in the library this morning. 11. I'm going away and I may never come .back?.. . 12. I hope he came .by.. all that money honestly. 13. It was a good scheme and it nearly came .out... 14. When he came .to.. he could not, for a moment, recognize his surroundings. 15. How's your work coming .on.. ? 16. Will you come .out.. for a walk after tea? 7. Choose the right word: object(s) — subject(s); to object — to oppose; to obtain — to come by; to happen — to come about; to yield — to give in 1. How did you .come by.. that scratch on your cheek? 2. I haven't been able .to obtain.. that record anywhere; can you .come.. it for me? 3. The accident .happened.. last week. 4. How did it .come about.. that you did not report the theft until two days after it occurred? 5. After months of refusing, Irene .subjected.. to Soames and agreed to marry him. 6. Mr Davidson had never been known ... to temptation. 7. He become an .object.. of ridicule among the other children. 8. There were many .subjects.. of delight and interest claiming his attention. 9. My favourite .subject.. at school were history and geography. 10. The .subject .. of the painting is the Battle of Waterloo. 11. Ruth had .opposed?.. his writing because it did not earn money. 12. Like many of the scientists he had been actively .objected.. to the use of the bomb. 13. I .oppose.. most strongly to this remark. 9. a) Find the Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs: Easy come, easy go. - Богдал, Богвзял. Легко пришло, легко ушло Everything comes to him who waits. - Ктоищет, тотвсегданайдёт. Ищите и обрящете. К тому, кто ждёт, все придёт. Ср. Кто ждёт, тот дождётся A bad penny always comes back. (Ein falscher Pfennig kommt immer zuriick.) Christmas comes but once a year. - Рождество раз в год бывает, но когда оно приходит - с собой веселие приносит. Смысл: праздник бывает не каждый день Curses, like chickens, come home to roost. - Проклятия, подобно цыплятам, возвращаются на свой насест. Ср. Не рой другому яму, сам в нее попадешь. Отольются кошке мышкины слезки Tomorrow never comes. - "Завтра" никогда не наступает. Ср. Не корми завтраками, а сделай сегодня. У завтра нет конца. Завтраками сыт не будешь A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. - (J. Keats) — Прекрасное создание всегда являет радость. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Explain in English the meaning of each proverb. Make up a dialogue to illustrate one of the proverbs. And a little might be dangerous If a little knowledge is dangerous, where is a man who has so much as to be out of danger? Thomas Henry Huxley A little learning is not a dangerous thing to one who does not mistake it for a great deal. William Allen White A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as bad. Bob Edwards CONVERSATION AND DISCUSSION BOOKS AND READING TOPICAL VOCABULARY Categorisation: Children's and adult's books - [книги для детей и взрослых; travel books and biography; romantic and historical novels; crime/thrillers; detective stories; war/adventure; science fiction/ fantasy; literary fiction and genre fiction; non-fiction; pulp fiction. Absorbing - захватывающий, увлекательный; adult; amusing - забавный, занимательный, занятный; controversial -вызывающий спор; дискуссионный; dense - вопиющий,; depressing - гнетущий, тягостный; унылый; наводящий тоску; delightful- восхитительный, очаровательный; dirty - вульгарный, непристойный; disturbing - беспокоящий, волнующий; dull -скучный, занудный; fascinating - обворожительный, очаровательный, пленительный; gripping - захватывающий, всепоглощающий, увлекательный, поразительный, потрясающий, удивительный, изумительный; moralistic; nasty - вульгарный, грязный, неприличный, непристойный; obscene - непристойный, непотребный, неприличный; вульгарный, грязный; порнографический; грубый; outrageous - жестокий, возмутительный; оскорбительный; вопиющий, скандальный; profound - глубокий, основательный; мудрый; whimsical - фантастический, причудливый; необычный;; unputdownable - so engrossing that one has to go on reading it.. Books and their parts: paperback and hardback - книга в бумажной и твёрдой обложке; binding -переплет; cover - обложка,; spine - корешок; jacket - суперобложка; title - заглавие, название, наименование; epigraph; preface - предисловие; вводная часть; введение, вступление; пролог; the contents list - оглавление; fly leaf - ; bookplate - экслибрис; blurb - рекламное объявление; a beautifully printed book ; a tome bound in leather/with gilt edges - [том из кожи/с позолочёнными углами]; a volume with a broken binding - [том с повреждённым переплётом]; a book with dense print/with loose pages - [книга с плотной печатью?/оторванными страницами]; a well-thumbed book [захватанная/замусоленная книга]. Reading habits: to form a reading habit early in life - сформироватьвкускчтениювдетстве; to read silently/incessantly/greedily/laboriously - читатьмолча/непрерывно/жадно/напряжённо; to read curled up in a chair - читать, помираясосмеху?/скрутившисьнастуле; to read a child/oneself to sleep - читатьребёнку/к-ннаночь; to make good bed-time reading - хорошопровестивремявкроватизачтением; to be lost/absorbed in a book - бытьпоглощённым/крайнеувлечённымкнигой/чтениемкниги; to devour books - полглощатькниги; to dip into/glance over/pore over/thumb through a book -поверхностно изучать, пролистывать/ быстро пролистывать / корпеть над / просмотреть, пролистать книгу; to browse through newspapers and periodicals - просматриватьгазетыипериодику; to scan/skim a magazine - внимательноизучать/беглопросматриватьжурнал; a bookworm -книжный червь, любитель книг, библиофил; an avid/alert/keen reader - жадный до / внимательный / увлекающийся книгами. Library facilities: reading rooms and reference sections - 2) читальный зал библиотеки 1) справочный зал; the subject/author/title/on-line catalogue - каталоги: предметный, алфавитный, заглавий, онлайн; the enquiry desk - столзаказов; computer assisted reference service - компьютеризированнаясправочнаяслужба; to borrow/renew/loan books - взятьнавремя (почитать)/продлить срок пользования (книгой в библиотеке)/даватьнавремя, CDs and video tapes -запись на компакт-диск и магнитную ленту ; rare books - раритеты; to keep books that are overdue - держатьпросроченныекниги; books vulnerable to theft - книгилегковоруют; to suspend one's membership - приостановитьчленство; to be banned from the library. запрещён (вынос?) избиблиотеки MURIEL SPARK Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype. The classic image of a writer, for instance, is of a slightly4ﾧ demented-looking person, locked in an attic, scribbling away furiously for days on end. Naturally, he has his favourite pen and note-paper, or a beat-up old typewriter, without which he could not produce a readable word. Nowadays, we know that such images bear little resemblance to reality. But are they completely false? In the case of at least one writer, it would seem not. Dame Muriel Spark, who is 80 this month, in many ways resembles this stereotypical "writer". She is certainly not demented5ﾧ, and she doesn't work in an attic. But she is rather neurotic about the tools of her trade. page 91 She insists on writing with a certain type of pen in a certain type of notebook, which she buys from a certain stationer6ﾧ in Edinburgh called James Thin. In fact, so superstitious7ﾧ is she that, if someone uses one of her pens by accident, she immediately throws it away8ﾧ. As well as her "fetish" about writing materials, Muriel Spark shares one other characteristic with the stereotypical "writer" — her work is the most important thing in her life. It has stopped her from remarrying; cost her old friends and made her new ones; and driven her from London to New York, to Rome. Today, she lives in the Italian province of Tuscany with a friend. Dame Muriel discovered her gift for writing at school in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. "It was a very progressive school," she recalls. "There was complete racial [and] religious tolerance." Last year, she acknowledged the part the school had played in shaping her career by giving it a donation of £10,000. The money was part of the David Cohen British Literature Prize, one of Britain's most prestigious literary awards. Dame Muriel received the award for a lifetime's writing achievement, which really began with her most famous novel, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie. It was the story of a teacher who encouraged her girls to believe they were the "creme de la creme". Miss Jean Brodie was based on a teacher who had helped Muriel Spark [?to?] realise her talent. Much of Dame Muriel's writing has been informed by her personal experiences. Catholicism, for instance, has always been a recurring9ﾧ theme in her books — she converted in 1954. Another novel, Loitering with Intent (1981), is set in London just after World War II, when she herself came to live in the capital. How much her writing has been influenced by one part of her life is more difficult to assess. In 1937, at the age of 19, she travelled to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), where she married a teacher called Sydney Oswald Spark. The couple had a son, Robin, but the marriage didn't last. In 1944, after spending some time in South Africa, she returned to Britain, and got a job with the Foreign Office in London. Her first novel The Comforters10ﾧ(1957) was written with the help of the writer, Graham Greene. He didn't help with the writing, but instead gave her £20 a month to support herself while she wrote it. His only conditions were that she shouldn't meet him or pray for him. Before The Comforters she had concentrated on poems and short stories. Once it was published, she turned her attentions to novels, publishing one a year for the next six years. Real success came with The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, which was published in 1961, and made into a film. By this time she was financially secure and world famous. (from BBC English, February 1998) Page 92 1. As you read the text: Look for the answers to these questions: 1. What profession stereotypes are there? What is a stereotypical "student"? "lecturer"? "poet"? 2. Is the "classic image of a writer" completely false? Be specific. 3. Would you agree that artistic people are often superstitious? 4. Who is given the title of "Dame" in Britain? 5. What suggests that Dame Muriel Spark is rather neurotic about the tools of her trade? 6. What part did the school play in shaping her career? 7. How did Graham Green help the young writer? 8.What are the scanty biographical details given in the profile? Find in the text the facts to illustrate the following: For Muriel Spark writing is the most important thing in her life. 2. Dame Muriel Spark is a stereotypical writer. 3. "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie" is a great novel. Summarise the text in three paragraphs. In spite of the Russian proverb one can argue about taste: everybody does, and one result is that tastes change. If given a choice what would you rather read a novel or short stories in book form? Why? Try to substantiate your point of view. Use some of the ideas listed below. "A novel appeals11ﾧ in the same way that a portrait does — through the richness of its human content." "It is not only an author's characters that endear12ﾧ him to the public: it is also his ethical outlook that appears with greater or less distinctness in everything he writes." "A volume of short stories contains more ideas, since each story is based on an idea; it has much greater variety of mood, scene, character and plot." |