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20. При якому виді анемії зустрічається дефіцит внутрішнього фактора Касла? A. @В-12-фолієводефіцитна анемія B. Постгеморагічна анемія C. Залізодефіцитна анемія D. Гіпопластична анемія E. Гемолітична анемія 21. У хворого на анемію при аналізі крові виявили велику кількість мегалобластів. Назвіть цей вид анемії. A. @В-12 – фолієво дефіцитна B. Залізодефіцитна C. Гемолітична D. Постгеморагічна E. Апластична 22. У хворого на анемію при дослідженні крові виявлено переважання еритробластів, нормобластів та мегалобластів. Такі ж клітини знайдено в червоному кістковому мозку. Для якого виду анемії характерна така картина крові? A. @B-12-фолієводефіцитна B. Гемолітична C. Залізодефіцитна D. Післягеморагічна E. Апластична 23. У хворого при огляді порожнини рота визначається атрофія слизової оболонки язика з червоними плямами (Гунтеровський глосит). Склери жовтуваті. В аналізі крові – кольоровий показник більше одиниці. Для якої анемії характерні ці зміни? A. @В-12-фолієводефіцитна B. Залізодефіцитна C. Гостра постгеморагічна D. Хронічна постгеморагічна E. Гемолітична 24. При розтині чоловіка, який страждав на хронічну анемію, знайдено лимонно-жовтий відтінок шкіри, водянисту кров, гунтеровський глосит, атрофічний гастрит. Печінка, селезінка та нирки - щільні, бурого кольору, кістковий мозок малиново-червоний, соковитий, має вигляд малинового желе. Який з перелічених діагнозів найбільш вірогідний? A. @Перніціозна анемія B. Анемія Фанконі C. Анемія Ерліха D. Спадкова гемолітична анемія E. Залізодефіцітна анемія 25. У хворого, який перенiс 5 рокiв тому субтотальну резекцiю шлунка, розвинулась В12-фолiєводефiцитна анемiя. Який механiзм є провiдним у розвитку такої анемiї? A. @Вiдсутнiсть внутрiшнього фактора Касла B. Вiдсутнiсть зовнiшнього фактора Касла C. Порушення всмоктування вiтамiну В12 в тонкiй кишцi D. Дефiцит фолiєвої кислоти E. Дефiцит транскобаламiну 26. Хворий, 45 років, звернувся до лікаря зі скаргами на поганий апетит, млявість, біль в епігастральній ділянці, нудоту та здуття живота після прийому їжі, схильність до закрепу. При обстеженні виявлені: глосит, гіперхромна анемія мегалобластичного типу, гастринемія, ахлоргідрія після гістамінової стимуляції. Патогістологічне заключення: «Хронічний атрофічний гастрит з відсутністю парієтальних клітин фундального відділу шлунка». Визначити вид анемії: A. Анемія Альберс-Шемберга B. @Анемія Аддісона-Бірмера C. Анемія Ерліха D. Хвороба Мінковського-Шоффара E. Хвороба Кулі (талассемія) 27. Швидкою медичною допомогою до клініки доставлено хвору, 46 років, зі скаргами на луночкову кровотечу впродовж 6 годин після видалення зуба, загальну слабкість. В анамнезі - гіпертонічна хвороба. Об’єктивно: блідість шкіри та видимих слизових оболонок, кількість гемоглобіну у крові 80 г/л, гематокрит - 30%, показникі часу кровотечі та зсідання крові знаходяться в межах норми. Яке ускладнення розвинулося в хворої в зв’язку з кровотечею? A. Гемолітична анемія B. Залізодефіцитна анемія C. Хронічна постгеморагічна D. Фолієводефіцитна анемія E. @Гостра постгеморагічна анемія КАРАНТИННІ ІНФЕКЦІЇ 1. У хлопчика, 7 років, з’явилися болі в ділянці пупка, незначне здуття живота, бурчання, нудота. Впродовж тижня закрепи замінювалися проносами (жовтуваті випорожнення з незначними домішками слизу). Випорожнення часті, рідкі, зі значною кількістю слизу, які мали зелене забарвлення і пінистий вигляд. Мікроскопічне дослідження біопсії різних відділів кишки показало наявність у слизовій оболонці 12-ти палої кишки серпоподібних трофозотів на поверхні мікроворсин епітеліальних клітин та ентероколіт з помірною лімфогістіоцитарною інфільтрацією слизової оболонки. Ваш діагноз. A. @Лямбліоз B. Кампілобактерний ентероколіт C. Дизентерія D. Сальмонельоз E. Амебіаз 2. Чоловiк, впродовж 3 рокiв працював в однiй з африканських країн. Через мiсяць пiсля повернення в Україну звернувся до офтальмолога зi скаргами на бiль в очах, набряки повiк, сльозоточивiсть i тимчасове послаблення зору. Пiд кон’юнктивою ока були виявленi гельмiнти розмiрами 30-50 мм, якi мали видовжене ниткоподiбне тiло. Ваш діагноз. A. @Фiлярiоз B. Дифiлоботрiоз C. Аскаридоз D. Ентеробiоз E. Трихоцефальоз 3. Турист нещодавно повернувся з країн Середньої Азiї, де є багато москiтiв. У нього на шкiрi з’явилися невеликi виразки з нерiвними краями. В цьому випадку можна припустити наступне захворювання: A. @Дерматотропний лейшманiоз B. Токсоплазмоз C. Короста D. Демодекоз E. Специфiчний мiаз 4. Пiд час операцiї в печiнцi хворого виявленi дрiбнi мiхурцi малих розмiрiв з незначною кiлькiстю рiдини, якi щiльно прилягають один до одного. Який гельмiнтоз виявився у хворого? A. @Альвеококоз B. Фасцiольоз C. Опiсторхоз D. Клонорхоз E. Дiкроцелiоз 5. Під час розтину в печінці померлого був виявлений утвір у вигляді міхура округлої форми з гладкою поверхнею діаметром 5 см. В його порожнині знаходилася велика кількість дрібних міхурців з прозорим безбарвним вмістом. Тканина печінки навколо міхура склерозована. Вкажіть ймовірний патологічний процес. A. @Гідатидозний ехінококоз B. Альвеококоз C. Цистицеркоз D. Опісторхоз E. Шистосомоз 6. У чоловіка, 40 років, в ділянці шиї виникло почервоніння та набряк шкіри і з часом розвинувся невеликий гнійник. На розрізі осередок щільний, жовто-зеленого забарвлення. В гнійних масах видно білі крупинки. Гістологічно виявлено друзи грибка, плазматичні та ксантомні клітини, макрофаги. Вкажіть найбільш ймовірний вид мікозу. A. @Актиномікоз B. Аспергільоз C. Кандидоз D. Споротрихоз E. Кокцидіоїдомікоз 7. При гiстологiчному дослiдженнi бiоптату шкiри виявленi гранульоми, якi складаються з макрофагальних вузликiв з наявнiстю лiмфоцитiв та плазматичних клiтин. Крiм того, зустрiчаються великi макрофаги з жировими вакуолями, якi мiстять запакованих у виглядi куль збудникiв захворювання (клiтини Вiрхова). Грануляцiйна тканина добре васкуляризована. Для якого захворювання характерна описана гранульома? A. @Лепра B. Туберкульоз C. Сифiлiс D. Риносклерома E. Сап 8. Чоловiк, 36 рокiв, лiсник за фахом, через тиждень пiсля тривалого перебування у весняному лiсi гостро захворiв - гарячка, головний бiль, порушення свiдомостi, епiлептиформнi напади, смерть розвинулася на 3-й день хвороби. На розтинi тiла: набряк головного мозку, множиннi крапчастi геморагiї; пiд час мiкроскопiчного дослiдження - периваскулярний та перицелюлярний набряк, множиннi периваскулярнi, переважно лiмфоцитарнi, iнфiльтрати. Дiагностуйте основне захворювання: A. @Клiщовий енцефалiт B. Менiнгококова iнфекцiя C. Полiомiєлiт D. Гнiйний енцефалiт E. Церебро-васкулярна хвороба 9. Хворий скаржився на лихоманку, сильний головний біль, задишку, серцебиття. При огляді виявлено: педикульоз, розеoли і петехії на шкірі грудної клітини, пролежні гомілок, гангрену стопи. Помер при ознаках серцевої недостатності. Гістологічно в тканині довгастого мозку спостерігаються гіперемія, стази, периваскулярні муфти з плазматичних клітин і осередки проліферації мікроглії (гранульоми Попова). Ваш діагноз. A. @Епідемічний висипний тиф B. Сибірковий менінгоенцефаліт C. Менінгококовий менінгіт D. Черевний тиф E. Краснуха 10. У померлого внаслідок серцевої недостатності на шкірі виявляються сліди висипу у вигляді плям і крапок. У ділянці крижі, остистих відростків хребців - пролежні. При мікроскопічному дослідженні ЦНС, шкіри, надниркових залоз, в судинах мікроциркуляторного русла і дрібних артеріях - деструктивно-проліферативний ендотромбоваскуліт з наявністю гранульом Попова; в серці - інтерстиціальний міокардит. Який з перелічених діагнозів навірогідний? A. @Висипний тиф B. Ку-гарячка C. Черевний тиф D. Вузликовий периартеріїт E. ВІЛ-інфекція 11. На розтині хворого, який помер при наростанні явищ серцевої недостатності, виявлено: серозний менінгіт, некроз і крововиливи в надниркових залозах, пролежні. Мікроскопічно: деструктивно-проліферативний ендотромбоваскуліт (гранульоми Попова) у довгастому мозку, інтерстиціальний міокардит. В анамнезі: поява на 5-й день захворювання екзантеми на шкірі, гіпотонії; на 3-му тижні - бульбарних розладів: (порушення ковтання і дихання). Яке захворювання має місце? A. @Висипний тиф B. Скарлатина C. Кір D. Черевний тиф E. Грип 12. Хворого, 30 рокiв, турбують напади ознобу, гарячки, профузного поту, якi повторюються кожний третiй день. Хворiє 2 тижнi. Склери та шкіра - яскраво жовтяничнi. Печiнка та селезiнка збiльшенi. Рiк тому працював в Африцi. Який з дiагнозiв найбiльш вiрогiдний? A. @Малярiя B. Рак головки пiдшлункової залози C. Сепсис D. Вiрусний гепатит E. Лептоспiроз 13. У хворого на важку плевропневмонію з мокротиння висіяли Yersinia pestis. Яке інфекційне захворювання розвинулось? A. @Чума B. Сибірка C. Бруцельоз D. Туберкульоз E. Лепра 14. При розтині, померлого від чуми хворого, на фоні геморагічного синдрому виявлено: геморагічний некроз шкіри стегна, лимфангіт, паховий геморагічний лімфаденіт. Назвіть форму чуми. A. @Шкірно-бубонна B. Бубонна C. Первинно-септична D. Первинно-легенева E. Геморагічна 15. Робітник тваринницької ферми гостро захворів і при наростаючих явищах інтоксикації помер. При розтині тіла встановлено: селезінка збільшена, дрябла, на розрізі пульпа темно-вишневого кольору, з рясними вишкребками. М’які мозкові оболонки на склепінні та основі мозку набряклі, просякнуті кров’ю, мають темно-червоний колір ("шапочка кардинала"). Мікроскопічно: серозно-геморагічне запалення оболонок і тканин головного мозку з руйнуванням стінок дрібних судин. Який найімовірний діагноз? A. @Сибірка B. Туляремія C. Бруцельоз D. Чума E. Холера 16. Чоловік, 40 років, м’ясник, помер від сепсису. На правій щоці виявляється конусовидний, щільний темно-червоний ільфільтрат 6 см з чорною корочкою у центрі. Права половина обличчя, шиї – різко набряклі, щільні. При мікроскопічному дослідженні інфітрату – найгостріше серозно-геморагічне запалення, в центрі інфільтрату – некроз епідермісу і підлеглих шарів. Ваш діагноз? A. @Сибірська виразка B. Чума C. Туляремія D. Флегмона шиї E. Фурункул 17. Патологоанатом у біоптаті шкіри побачив гостре серозно-геморагічне запалення і ділянку некрозу. З анамнезу: захворювання почалося з появи невеликої червоної плями, в центрі якої утворився міхур з серозно- геморагічною рідиною. Згодом центральна частина стала чорною. Який діагноз найвірогідний? A. @Сибірковий карбункул B. Актиномікоз шкіри C. Алергічний дерматит D. Карбункул стрептококовий E. Хімічний дерматит FINAL CONTROL Introduction # 1 A histological specimen presents the tissue that contains cells having no processes and a few tens of nuclei each. One of cell surfaces has a corrugated zone that provides secretion of hydrolytic elements. What tissue is it? Nerve tissue Cartilaginous tissue Muscular tissue @Osseous tissue Epithelial tissue # 2 In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed: Epidermal muscular tissue Cardiac muscular tissue @Smooth muscular tissue Neural muscular tissue Skeletal muscular tissue # 3 Microspecimen of a child's finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development? Mesenchyma Entoderm @Ectoderm Ectomesenchyma Mesoderm # 4 At a vulgar pemphigus in a skin epidermis forms vesicles, which break out a wholeness of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. What function of an epithelium is broken first of all? @Barrier Regenerative Absorptive Secretory Endocrine # 5 An embryon has signs of disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite generation. What part of skin is most likely to have developmental abnormalities? Hair Sebaceous glands @Derma Epidermis Sudoriferous glands # 6 A specimen of connective tissue of derma was stained with Sudan III and hematoxylin. There are clusters of big polygonal cells that turned orange. Their nuclei are flattened and located on periphery. What tissue is it? Reticular connective Lamellar osseous Brown adipose @White adipose Hyaline cartilaginous # 7 A patient is complaning of dryness of head skin, itching, fragility and loss of hair. After examination he was diagnosed with seborrhoea. Disturbed activity of which cells caued this condition? @Cells of sebaceous glands Cells of sudoriferous glands Epithelial cells Melanocytes Adipocytes # 8 During examination of a child's oral cavity a pediatrician found 8 incisors. The child's development corresponds to his age. How old is the child? 12-15 months 7-8 months 6-7 months 16-20 months @10-12 months # 9 A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have? 7 @8 12 6 10 # 10 There is the change of teeth at the 6-8-year-old children: deciduous are replaced by permanent. What embrionic tissues are the sources of permanent teeth tissues formation? I, II brachial arches Mesodermal epithelium and mesenhime Entodermal epithelium and mesoderm Entodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhime @Ectodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhime # 11 A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masticatoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted? Lower canine @First upper premolar First lower premolar Second upper premolar Upper canine # 12 During examination a dentist revealed cervical caries of right inferior incisors as well as enlargement of a certain group of lymph nodes. What lymph nodes are enlarged? @Submental Superficial cervical Facial Deep cervical Occipital # 13 A patient applied to a doctor with complaints about noise and painful sensations in his ear. Objectively: a patient is ill with acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection that caused inflammation of tympanic cavity could have penetrated into it through the following pharynx opening: Tympanic opening of auditory tube Fauces Choanae Aperture of larynx @Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube # 14 A histological specimen of an oral cavity organ demonstrates that the organ's anterior surface is lined with multilayer squamous nonkeratinous epithelium, and its posterior surface - with multiserial ciliated epithelium. What organ is it? Cheek Lip Gingiva Hard palate @Soft palate # 15 There is a specimen of soft palate where both oral and nasal surfaces can be seen. It was revealed that oral cavity had damaged epithelium. What epithelium is damaged? Multirowed ciliated epithelium Multistratal prismatic nonkeratinizing Multistratal squamous keratinizing Multistratal cubical nonkeratinizing @Multistratal squamous nonkeratinizing # 16 While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue. What papillae are inflamed? Papillae filiformes @Papillae vallatae Papillae conicae Papillae fungiformes Papillae foliatae # 17 Histological study of an extirpated pulp revealed some cylindrical cells in its peripheral layer. What are these cells called? @Odontoblasts Fibroblasts Monocytes Ameloblasts Myofibroblasts # 18 A microspecimen of the submandibular salivary gland shows some basket-shaped cells concentrated around the acines and excretory ducts. These cells surround bases of the serous cells and are called myoepitheliocytes. These cells relate to the following tissue: Special connective tissue Epithelial tissue Loose fibrous connective tissue Neural tissue @Muscular tissue # 19 What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage? Kallikrein Lysozyme Glucose @Mucin Amylase # 20 In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called? @Lysozyme Interferon Interleukin Complement Imanine # 21 During histological examination of the stomach it was found out that glands contain very small amount of pariental cells or they are totally absent. Mucose membrane of what part of the stomach was studied? Esophageal Fundus of stomach Body of stomach Cardiak part @Pyloric part # 22 The reason of occurrence of some diseases of an oral cavity is connected with structural peculiarities of its mucous membrane. What morphological attributes characterize these features? Transitional epithelium, no muscularis mucosa Well developed muscularis, no submucosa Transitional epithelium, no submucosa @No muscularis mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium Simple columnar ciliated epithelium # 23 Endoscopic examination of duodenum revealed a tumour of the major papilla. This pathological formation is localized in the following part of duodenum: @Descending part Superior part Horizontal part Superior flexure Ascending part # 24 Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology? @Surfactant Alveolocytes Basal membrane of alveolocytes Basal membrane of endothelium Capillary endothelium # 25 @In the right main bronchus In the left main bronchus In the trachea In the larynx In the esophagus # 26 In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this organ: Median bronchs Larynx Major bronchs @Minor bronchs Trachea # 27 Examination of a tubular organ revealed that its middle membrane consisted of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ? Monolayer prismatic with a limbus @Multinuclear prismatic ciliated Multilayer squamous nonkeratinous Monolayer prismatic glanduous Monolayer cubic # 28 In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it? Internal iliac vein Uterine tube Urethra Round ligament of uterus @Ureter # 29 Examination of a newborn boy's genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it? Monorchism Hermaphroditism Epispadia @Hypospadias Cryptorhidism # 30 A young man complains about urination disorder. Examination of the external genitals revealed that the urethra was split and urine could flow out of this orifice. What anomaly of the external genitals development is it? @Epispadia Hypospadia Paraphimosis Phimosis Hermaphroditism # 31 The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has demonstrated the afferent glomerular arteriole, which under its endothelium has giant cells, containing secretory granules. Name the type of these cells: Smoothmuscular Interstitial @ Juxtaglomerular Mesangial Juxtavascular # 32 A histological specimen of a kidney shows a part of the distal tubule going between the afferent and efferent arteriole. The cells building the tubule wall have dense nuclei; basal membrane is absent. Such structural formation is called: Juxtavascular cells @Macula densa - Mesangial cells Juxtaglomerular cells # 33 Electron-microscope investigation of cortical substance of a kidney reveals some structures lined with prismatic epithelium that normally has brush border and deep plicae of plasmolemma in its basal part. There is a big number of mitochondrions between these plicae. These structures belong to the following part of a nephron: Distal straight tubule @Proximal tubule Renal corpuscle Distal convoluted tubule Henle's loop # 34 On autopsy of a still-born infant abnormalities have been revealed: ventricles are not separated, a single arterial trunk originates from the right part. For what class of vertebrates is such heart construction characteristic? Fishes Birds Mammals @Amphibian Reptiles # 35 During ultrasound examination of the heart the doctor observes the leaves of the mitral valve. What happends to them during the systole? They turn inside the cavity of the atrium They clasp with wall of the vessel They close up covering the lumen of the orifice @ They turn inside the cavity of the ventricle They clasp with the walls of the atrium # 36 During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus a large arterial (Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into lig.arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect? Aorta and superior vena cava @Pulmonary trunk and aorta Right and left auricle Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava Aorta and inferior vena cava # 37 A histological specimen shows a blood vessel. Its inner coat is composed by endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic membrane. The middle coat is enriched with smooth myocytes. Such morphological characteristics are typical for the following vessel: Capillary @Muscular-type artery Non-muscular vein Elastic-type artery Muscular-type vein # 38 In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrated. What type of capillares is it? Fenestrational @Sinusoidal Visceral Lymphatic Somatical # 39 Intralobular capillaries of a liver specimen have wide irregular lumen. Basal membrane is absent in the major part of the capillary. What type of capillaries is it? Somatic Postcapillaries Precapillaries @Sinusoid Visceral # 40 A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to have taken place? Aorta abdominalis Vena hepatica Vena cava inferior @Vena porta Vena cava superior # 41 Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregular-shaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it? Arteriole Artery uf muscular type @Vein of muscular type Lymphatic vessel Venule # 42 A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the layers of spleen connective tissu E. What vessel is it? Artery of muscular type Vein of muscular type @Vein of non-muscular type Arteriole Capillary # 43 Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted? To the inferior vena cava To the superior vena cava To the left inguinal vein @To the left venous corner To the right venous corner # 44 When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was damaged? Parietal zone of the cortex @Posterior central gyrus Occipital zone of the cortex Frontal central gyrus Frontal zone # 45 A 60-year-old man after cerebral hamorrhage felt asleep for a long time. Damage of what structure caused this state? Nuclears of the cerebral nerves @ Reticular formation Cortex of the large hemispheres Black substances Hippocampus # 46 A patient becomes quickly tired during his work. In vertical position with closed eyes he is dizzying and loosing equilibrium. Skeletal muscle tone is reduced. Which of the below mentioned brain structures is damaged? @Cerebellum Hypothalamus Precentral gyrus of cerebral hemispheres cortex Basal ganglia Thalamus # 47 As a result of craniocerebral trauma a patient reveals the following symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochokinesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured? Motor cortex Pale sphere @Cerebellum Striatum Black substance # 48 A 50 year-old patien was injured on the occipital region of the head. The closed skull’s trauma was diagnosed. She was taken to the hospital. The medical examination: deregulation of walking and balance, trembling of arms. What part of brain was injured? The inter-brain The spinal cord The medulla oblongata The mind-brain @The cerebellum # 49 A patient with brain bloodstream disorder has got difficulties with swallowing, he can choke over while eating liquid food. What part of the brain is damaged? @Medulla Midbrain Cerebellum Thalamencephalon Cervical part of the spinal medulla # 50 A sensory nerve ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one process that divides into axon and dendrite at a certain distance from perikaryon. What are such cells called? Unipolar Apolar Multipolar Bipolar @Pseudounipolar # 51 During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted? Tr. frontothalamicus Tr. parietooccipitopontinus @ Tr. pyramidalis Tr. frontopontinus Тr. thalamocorticalis # 52 A patient was admitted to the hospital with a wound in the region of his neck. The examination revealed the damaged nerve, situated in front of the anterior ladder muscle. What nerve is damaged? Vagus @Phrenic Cervical part of sympathetic trunk Sublingual Glossopharyngeal # 53 A histological spacemen presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and medulla. Cortex consists of epitheliocytes bars, between them there are blood capillaries; the bars form three zones. Medulla consists of chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. What organ has these morphological features? @ Adrenal gland Kidney Thyroid Lymph node Thymus # 54 Examination of a microspecimen made of an unknown organ revealed some acini that contained 10-15 cone cells with basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus and well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. An acinus is surrounded by a basal membrane with myoepithelial cells localized in its splitting. What organ is the slice made of? Sublingual gland @Parotid gland Pancreas Liver Lungs # 55 A microspecimen of parotid gland presents secretory acines with serous cells that synthesize mostly enzymes. According to the chemical composition classification, the parotid gland relates to the following glands: Seromucous Enzymatic @Serous - Mucous # 56 Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyt E. What follicle is it? @Primary Secondary Primordial Atretic Mature # 57 In the pubertal period cells of the male sexual glands start producing the male sexual hormone testosterone that is responsible for formation of the secondary sexual characters. What cells of the male sexual glands produce this hormone? Spermatozoa @Leidig cells Sertoli's cells Sustenocytes Sustentacular cells # 58 During embryogenesis trophoblast develops into an organ rudiment that has endocrinal function. What rudiment is it? @Villous chorion Yolk sac Amnion Umbillical cord Allantois # 59 Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place? Myometrium Perimetrium Mesometrium @Parametrium Endometrium # 60 The specimens present sections of haemopoetic and immunogenetic organs. Organ has lymphoid tissue forming different structures (lymph nodes, lobules, bars). In what organ does antigen-independent proliferation and differantiation take place? @Thymus Lymphatic nodes Hemolymph nodes Tonsil Spleen # 61 Medullary substance of a hemopoietic organ's lobule in a histological specimen is lighter coloured and contains epithelial bodies. What organ are these morphological preperties typical for? @Thymus Kidney Spleen Lymph node Liver # 62 A 6-month-old child is suffocating while lying on his back. The palpation on the anterior wall of trachea up to jugular notch of the sternum revealed tumor-like mass, stretching into the anterior mediastinum. What from the below mentioned can squeeze trachea? Parathyroid lymph nodes Parathyroid glands Thyroid gland @ Thymus gland Peritracheal lymph nodes # 63 In a histological specimen parenchyma of an organ is represented by lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodes; the latter are arranged in a diffuse manner and enclose a central artery. What anatomic formation has such morphological structure? Thymus @Spleen Tonsil Lymph node Red bone marrow # 64 A histological specimen presents an organ that has both cortical and medullary substance. Cortical substance consists of an external zone that contains lymph nodules as well as of a paracortical zone. Medullary substance contains medullary cords, sinuses and trabecules. What organ possesses these morphological signs? Adrenal glands Kidney Thymus Spleen @Lymph node # 65 An electronic microphotograph shows a macrophagic cell with erythrocytes at different stages of differentiation located along its processes. This is the cell of the following organ: @Red bone marrow Spleen Tonsil Lymph node Thymus # 66 Following exposure to radiation a lot of mutant cells appeared in a patient. Some time later most of them were detected and destroyed by the following cells of the immune system: @T-lymphocytes-killers B-lymphocyte T-lymphocytes-supressors Plasmoblasts Stem cells # 67 Karyotyping of healthy man cells is carried out. In the karyotype there was found out a fine acrocentric odd chromosome. What chromosome is it? Group C chromosome Group B chromosome @Y-chromosome Group A chromosome Х-chromosome # 68 Epithelium regeneration of mucous membrane of oral cavity (cell reproduction) was accompanied by semiconservative DNA replication (selfreproduction). Nucleotides of a new DNA chain are complementary to: Introns Sense codons DNA-polymerase enzyme RNA-polymerase enzyme @Maternal chain # 69 Life cycle of a cell includes a process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of this process monochromatid chromosomes become bichromatid. This phenomenon is observed within the following period of the cell cycle: G2 G1 @S G0 M # 70 An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for? @Prophase Telophase Metaphase Interphase Anaphase # 71 Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mitotically dividing cell. On what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell? Interfase Metaphase @Anaphase Prophase Telophase # 72 The study of mitotic cycle phases of onion root revealed the cell, in which the chromosomes are situated in the equatorial plane, forming a star. What stage of the cell mitosis is it? Prophase Anaphase Telophase Interphase @Metaphase # 73 While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase: Telophase Prophase Anaphase Interphase @Metaphase # 74 Chromosomes forming figures of "Stars" located in the centre of the cell are seen in the microslide. What phase of mitosis is there in this cell? @Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase Interphase # 75 As a result of expression of some genome components the embryo cells acquire typical morphological, biochemical and functional properties. Name this process: Induction @Differentiation Reception Capacitation Determination # Ultrastructure # 1 Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed? Centrosomes Ribosomes @Mitochondrions Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum # 2 A 50-year-old woman with a history of unstable angina suffers an acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is administered to restore coronary blood flow early in the course of this myocardial infarction. In spite of this therapy, the degree of myocardial fiber injury may increase because of which of the following cellular abnormalities? @Cytoskeletal intermediate filament loss A decreased intracellular pH from anaerobic glycolysis Increase in toxic oxygen radicals Mitochondrial swelling Nuclear chromatin clumping and decreased protein synthesis # 3 Ultrastructural investigation of a liver biopsy revealed that between the mitochondria there were numerous flat cisterns and bubbles with secretory granules circumscribed with membrane. Name a cell structure with the hyperplasic constituents? @Golgi apparatus Pinocytosis bubbles Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosoms Microtubes # 4 The cell synthesized its own compounds (proteins and carbohydrates) and has separated them as microdrops of a secret. What organelle was included in the work on anending stage of this process connected with separation of asecret? @Golgi body Rough-surfaced ER Ribosomes Smooth-surfaced ER Lysosomes # 5 A 3-month- old infant dies and autopsy is requested. Electron microscopic examination of liver tissue revealed a great amount of flat cisterns and vesicles with secretory granules, surrounded by membrane, scattered among numerous mitochondria. Which of the following cell ultra structures has been shown to be hyperplastic? @Golgi complex. Pinocytic vesicles. Endoplasmic reticulum. Lysosomes. Filaments. # 6 During the electron microscopic examination of liver biopsy, a great amount of flat cistern and sacs with secretory globules, surrounded by membrane were founded, among the numerous mitochondria. What ultra structure hyperplasia is meant? Filaments Pinocytosis sacs Endoplasmatic reticulum Lysosomes @The Golgi complex # 7 A granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are well developed in cells. What main function do these cells perform? @Release of protein secretion Phagocytosis and digestion of entrapped particles Production of energy Transmission of nervous stimulation Production of protein # 8 Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it? Facilitated diffusion @Exocytosis Active transport All answers are false Endocytosis # 9 Ultramicroscopical examination of "dark" hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells? Deintoxicative function Calcium ion depositing @Synthesis of blood plasma proteins Bile production Carbohydrate synthesis # 10 Low level of albumins and fibrinogen was detected in the patient's blood. Decreased activity of what organelle of the liver hepatocytes can cause it? Mitochondrions Agranular endoplasmatic net Lysosomes Golgi complex @Granular endoplasmatic net # 11 A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-20 nm) spherical bodies, consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These are: Microtubules Golgi complex Mitochondria @Ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum # 12 Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas the accumulation of labeled aminoacids will be observed? Lysosomes @Ribosomes Agranular endoplasmic reticulum Cell centre Golgi apparatus # 13 Formation of ribosome subunits in a cell was disturbed in course of an experiment (by means of activated mutagenic factors). This will have an effect on the following metabolic process: Carbohydrate biosynthesis Photosynthesis Biological oxidation ATP synthesis @Protein biosynthesis # 14 In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria? Golgi apparatus @Lisosomes Ribosomes Mytochondrions Granular endoplasmic reticulum # 15 Electron microscopic study of a cell revealed roundish bubbles confined by a membrane and containing a lot of various hydrolytic enzymes. It is known that these organellas provide intracellular digestion and protective functions. These elements are: Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Mitochondria Centrosomes @Lysosomes # 16 The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organoid will take part at their utilization? @Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Cells centre Ribosome Golgi complex # 17 In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar's line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation: Translocation Displacement of reading frame @Transversion Deletion Duplication # 18 It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme? Processing Replication Translation @Transcription Reparation # 19 It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by: Reparation Mutation @Processing Initiation Replication # 20 Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed? Termination @Translation Aminoacid activation Replication Transcription # 21 A woman who was sick with rubella during the pregnancy gave birth to a deaf child with hare lip and cleft palate. This congenital defect is an example of: Genocopy Down’s syndrome Edward’s syndrome Patau’s syndrome @Phenocopy # 22 In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease? @Gene mutation Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization Genomic mutations Crossingover Transduction # 23 46 chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5-year-old girl. One of the 15th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair. What type of mutation does this girl have? Deletion Insufficiency Inversion Duplication @Translocation # 24 |