Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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Префикс over- Text 8A. A New Era for Aircraft Text 8B. The Return of the Dirigibles Text 8C. Off the Ground: How do We Find Where We are Going? Text 8D. New York ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 1. Найдите в предложениях герундий по его признакам, переведите. 1. On detecting danger on the road the computer signals the driver. 2. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the «night vision system». 3. One of the main problems of a driver on the road is keeping the speed constant and watching the cars ahead. 4. A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires has recently been developed. 5. Before starting a car one must examine it carefully. 6. Computers are widely used for controlling all kinds of processes. 7. Alexander Bell’s being a teacher of deaf people influenced his interest in sound and its transmission. 8. Samuel Morse’s hobby was experimenting with electricity. 9. Driving a truck in the city is difficult. Упражнение 2. Определите формы и функции герундия. 1. One of the best ways of keeping the speed steady is using a computer for this purpose. 2. Newton’s having made a mistake in his calculations has no influence on his theory. 3. On being turned on the radar will warn the driver of stationary or slow-moving objects on the road. 4. Upon being heated the molecules begin moving very rapidly. 5. The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic. 6. On graduating from the University S.P. Korolev began working in the field of rocket design. 7. The function of a car computer is detecting and summing up the information about the road conditions. 8. Monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new developments of the car designers. 9. It is difficult to solve some of the present-day scientific and technological problems without using supercomputers. 10. On seeing a red light on a panel and on hearing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed. 11. By picking up infrared rays emitted by objects ahead of the car an image-processing system produces different images of objects. 12. On studying for half an hour before an exam one should switch over to some other activity. Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения и запомните значения выделенных слов.
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения и запомните различные значения as. 1. People no longer think of the radio and television as something fantastic. 2. It was necessary to lay cables across the Atlantic Ocean as there was no radio or satellites at that time. 3. Rocket launching, concerts, football and tennis matches can be seen on TV as they occur. 4. As the operation of integrated circuits depends on microscopic components, the purity of all materials at the plant must be very high. 5. One can see that there is no principal difference between iron and copper as conductors. 6. President T. Jefferson offered his personal library as the basis for the national library.
Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, учитывая различные значения предлога by.
Упражнение б. А. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний. a new form of supersonic transport, prospective model, elongated fuselage, without horizontal stabilizer, cover the distance, less than two hours, overall length, overall aircraft weight, at high velocities, lower atmosphere, the skin is heated, the only way out, one of the ways, combined engines, combined with, as economical as possible. единственный выход, комбинированные двигатели, менее двух часов, без горизонтального стабилизатора, нижние слои атмосферы, один из путей, удлиненный фюзеляж, общий вес самолета, обшивка нагревается, на больших скоростях, общая длина, как можно более экономично, перспективная модель, новый вид сверхзвукового транспорта, в сочетании с, покрывать расстояние. В. Переведите словосочетания. today’s aircraft, ordinary aircraft, ordinary aircraft windows, passenger liner, future superliners of such a class, reliable hypersonic plane, look like a rocket, five times above the speed of sound, diameter of the fuselage, the front of the cabin, the skin is heated to a very high temperature, highly economical engines, new generation model. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ Упражнение 7. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу: прилагательное или существительное + ize/ise = глагол special — специальный -» specialize — специализироватъ(ся) computer, ideal, crystal, central; префикс over- (сверх-; пере-) to heat — нагревать -» to overheat — перегревать production, active, grow, estimate. Упражнение 8. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова. aviation, airplane, project, passenger, liner, model ['modi], fuselage ['fju:zila:3], horizontal stabilizer ['steibilaiza], rocket, distance, meter ['mi :ta], diameter [dai'aemita], cabin, technological, problem, thermodynamics ['09:m9udai'naemiks], aerodynamics ['earaudai'naemiks], per cent, efficiency [I'fijansi], extreme [iks'tri:m], temperature ['tempritfa], cryogenic ['kraiedjenik]. Упражнение 9. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов. supersonic ['sju: po'sonik], hypersonic ['haipa'somk], Paris ['paeris], Tokyo ['teukjeu], plane [plein], hours ['auez], reliable [ri'laiabl], combined [kam'baind], engine ['endjin], heat-insulating [hi:t 'insjuleitirj, extreme [iks'tri:m], generate ['c&enareit], generation, in general, require [rx'kwaia], fuel [fjual], liquid ['likwid], hydrogen ['haidricfcen], surface ['sa:fis], vaporize ['veiparaiz], inject [in'cfcekt], combustion [kam'bASt|an], chamber ['tfeimbe], percentage [pa'senticfe]. СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ amount п — количество announce v — объявлять, заявлять combine v — сочетать(ся), комбинировать(ся), объединяться) combined with — в сочетании с combustion и — горение complicated p.p. — сложный conventional а — обычный, стандартный currently adv — в настоящее время disadvantage п — недостаток measure и — мера noise п — шум overall а — полный, общий overcome v — преодолевать resistance п — сопротивление efficiency п — производительность, КПД, эффективность
extreme а — крайний, чрезвычайный friction п — трение fuel п — топливо heat v — нагревать(ся) inject v — впрыскивать, вводить mainly adv — главным образом structure п — конструкция, структура substitute v — заменять, подставлять vaporize v — испарять(ся) velocity п — скорость |