Лаба. Англ. Учебное пособие Москва Издательство мгту им. Н. Э. Баумана 2022 удк 81 378(075) ббк 81. 2 Англ С00
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SPEAKING 1 19. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give reasons to your opinion. 1. The Internet is composed of many interconnected computer networks. 2. The Internet has made it possible for people all over the world to effectively and inexpensively communicate with one another. 3. The Internet has brought new opportunities to government, business, and education. 4. The Internet is the first global forum and the first global library. 5. You can access information available on the World Wide Web through the Web browser. 6. Several technical challenges must be overcome if the Internet is to continue growing at the current phenomenal rate. 7. Many Internet users view censorship laws as an infringement on their constitutional right to free speech. 8. Companies doing business over the Internet need sophisticated security measures to protect credit card, bank account, and social security numbers from unauthorized access as they pass across the Internet. 20. Give a monologue based on Text 3 A using the following patterns.
Linking words:
READING 2 21. Read Text 3 B and explain how the Internet allows computer users to connect to other computers. TEXT 3 B Computer Networks Computer networks link computers by communication lines and software protocols, allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliably. Traditionally, networks have been split between wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs). A WAN is a network connected over long-distance telephone lines, and a LAN is a localized network usually in one building or a group of buildings close together. The distinction, however, is becoming blurred. Originally, networks were used to provide access to another computer and to transfer files between computers. Today, networks carry e-mail, provide access to public databases and bulletin boards, and are used for distributed systems. By the mid-1990s the Internet linked millions of computers throughout the world and it is sure to be the most important commercial and popular means of communication nowadays. The original uses of the Internet were electronic mail, file transfer, bulletin boards and remote computer access. Having expanded considerably during the 1990s, the World Wide Web enables users easily to examine the Internet sites and now it is likely to have become the leading informational service of the Internet. Besides e-mail service other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World Wide Web and the Intranet. The Internet provides users with a reliable alternative to the expensive telecommunication systems. Internet users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Google, millions of users have easy access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the Internet has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data. The Internet allows computer users easily to connect to other computers wherever they may be across the world. They may do this with or without the use of security, authentication and encryption technologies. This is encouraging new ways of home-working, collaboration. An accountant sitting at home can audit the books of a company based in another country. These accounts could have been created by home working bookkeepers, in other remote locations, based on information e-mailed to them. An office worker away from his or her desk, perhaps on a business trip or a holiday, can open a remote desktop session into his or her normal office PC using a security Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection via the Internet. It gives him or her access to all their files and data, including e-mail and other applications, while they are away. The Internet facilitates the development of e-commerce. E-commerce involves the use of computer networks for maintaining business relations and selling information, services and goods. Nowadays remote education, banking services, ticket reservation, stock market transactions can be transferred over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be solved. The most important is security. It is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet though there are many encoding programs available. Countries where Internet access is a commodity used by the majority of population include Iceland, Sweden, Australia, Denmark, the United States, Canada, the UK, the Netherlands and Norway. The use of the Internet around the world has been growing rapidly over the last decade, although the growth rate seems to have slowed somewhat after 2000. The phase of rapid growth is ending in industrialized countries, but the spread continues in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and the Middle East. 22. Say whether the following sentences are true or false using information from Text 3 B. Correct the false sentences. 1. There is a significant distinction between wide area networks and local area networks. 2. In the past networks were used only for connection between computers. 3. The connection of network through the world forms the Internet, which provides a range of different services, such as e-mail, newsgroups, and file transfer. 4.Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. 5. Communication over the Internet seems to be extremely expensive. 6. There is a special form of encoding with the help of which the Internet transmits nearly all the information. 7. The Internet enables the development of e-commerce and new ways of collaboration. 8. It’s hard to modify computer data through the Internet. 23. Answer the following questions using information from Text 3 B. 1. What are computer networks? 2. What are networks used for nowadays? 3. How has the Internet been developed? 4. What internet service is considered to be the most popular and why? 5. Does the Internet provide the cheapest way of connection? 6. What opportunities mentioned in the text does the Internet give? 7. Is it true that the growth rate has slowed today? VOCABULARY DRILLING 2 24. Match the antonyms. Make up your own sentences with them.
25. Match the terms with their definitions given in Table 3.1. Table 3.1. Matching Terms and Definitions
26. Use the appropriate prepositions from the list using Text 3 B: by, on, over (3), to (2), between, in, with. to provide access ______ another computer information send ______the Internet stay ______ touch with each other to provide users ______a reliable alternative to transfer ______the Internet to link computers ______communication lines compared ______encyclopedias and traditional libraries networks have been split______ networks any two computers ______the Internet network connected ______long-distance telephone lines 27. Choose the right synonym: Choose the right word(s) to make the two sentences have the same meaning. 1. Facebook has a _______ translation program. = one that is created/developed by users. user-driven user-friendly user-specific 2. _______ features = great/amazing features killer faster-than-light real-time 3. This application is still in _______. = still being worked on/tested. transition transit beta 4. They recently implemented multi-account _______. = the ability to use/control more than one account. request assistance support 5. The site offers a lot of advanced _______ (= functionality) to its members. options traits workings 6. Social networking sites often look for ways to create a _______ (= better, fuller) experience for their visitors. richer more eccentric more involved 7. VK and Twitter can easily _______ (= connect, share information, etc.) with other websites. interest intersect integrate 8. I don't want everyone to be able to _______ (= find) this information. assess access assume 9. I haven't _______ (= changed) my status in weeks. uploaded updated up-ended 10. "Sponsored" links are links that are ______ by a company to promote themselves or their products/services. paid for given money for paid 11. Click fraud can be a real _______ (= can be dangerous) for your business. treat tread threat 12. High quality content is an _______ (= vital/ very important) part of search engine optimization. integrated integral interesting 13. To increase content relevancy = To _______ content relevancy boost boast best 14. The person who is responsible for writing content is called a _______. copywriter content producer integrator 15. Rearranging you link _______ (= structure), can improve your search engine ranking. archetype archaism architecture 28. Read the text and fill in the gaps by choosing the best option. Different Networks Research on dividing information into packets and switching them from computer to computer began in the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded a research project that created a (1) _______ network known as the ARPANET. ARPA also funded research projects that produced two satellite (2) _______. In the 1970s ARPA was faced with a dilemma: Each of its networks had advantages for some situations, but each network was incompatible with the others. ARPA focused research on (3) _______ that networks could be (4) _______, and the Internet was envisioned and created to be an interconnection of networks that use TCP/IP (5) _______. In the early 1980s a group of academic computer scientists formed the Computer Science NETwork, which used TCP/IP protocols. Other government agencies (6) _______the role of TCP/IP by (7) _______ it to their networks: The Department of Energy’s Magnetic Fusion Energy Network (MFENet), the High Energy Physics NETwork (HEPNET), and the National Science Foundation NETwork (NSFNET). In the 1980s, as large commercial companies began to use TCP/IP to build private internets, ARPA investigated transmission of multimedia—audio, video, and graphics—across the Internet. Other groups investigated (8) _______and created tools such as Gopher that allowed users (9) _______ menus, which are lists of possible options. In 1989 many of these technologies were combined to create the World Wide Web. Initially designed to aid (10) _______ among physicists who worked in widely separated locations, the Web became immensely popular and eventually replaced other tools.
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