Лаба. Англ. Учебное пособие Москва Издательство мгту им. Н. Э. Баумана 2022 удк 81 378(075) ббк 81. 2 Англ С00
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The Gerund: Forms and Functions. The Infinitive: Forms and Functions. Gerund and Infinitive Forms in Comparison 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of the Infinitive. Consult Grammar Revision section (Appendix 1). 1. The assistant came to instruct students how to handle instructions. 2. The assistant came to be instructed by the professor. 3. The main purpose of the computers is to solve complex problems. 4. To perform reasonable operations a computer must have a way of accepting data. 5. To add and to subtract means to perform mathematical operations. 6. P.L. Chebyshev, a Russian scientist, was the first to construct an arithmometer. 7. The input unit to be described here is a new device. 8. Punched holes in a card or a paper tape are used to represent l's and O's. 9. To carry out the instruction, the computer must accept the data in the form of punched holes and blanks. 10. In order to program in a good way, the programmer needs detailed data about the program and the way it is to be done. 4. Open the brackets and use the appropriate form of the Infinitive. 1. (Make) correct conclusions we must take into account all the data collected (make). 2. Some computers were build (understand) the spoken word and to read the printed material. 3. The lecture (follow) by the experiment will be devoted to the tools of computer forensic specialists. 4. I asked (comment) on the fundamental principles of programming in terms of the sequence of instructions, the use of flowcharts, coding aids and etc. 5. (Record) the information the machine is to be properly adjusted. 6. The police officer made Neil got out of the car and demanded (see) his driving license. 7. The assistant came (instruct) by the professor. 8. (Process) by the machine, information has to be in the form of digits and characters. 9. The law presumes the accused not (be) guilty until his guilt has been proven.10. I remember (made) such kind of report about computer usage. 11. I am sorry (hear) that your mother isn’t well. 12. There was insufficient evidence for the court (convict) her.13. We use financial software (make) calculations and then (generate) graphs and charts. 5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of the Gerund. Consult Grammar Revision section (Appendix 1). 1. He put off making decision till he had more information. 2. There is no need for drawing a distinction between crimes and those violations of law which are not criminal. 3. Having productive informants is essential in many criminal cases. 4. His being prosecuted for a serious crime is natural. 5. The policeman’s coming late to the crime scene made the investigation difficult. 6. In the Middle Ages multiplication and division were both performed by the method of successive doubling numbers. 7. The computer’s being used in different spheres of our life is shown in the table above. 8. On obtaining the data computer forensic specialist went on working. 9. Compiling a program requires great attention of a programmer. 6. Open the brackets and use the appropriate form of the Gerund. 1. Computer-aiding (test) is determined by the aims of educational procedure. 2. Citizens may feel a loss of privacy because of (receive) unwanted electronic messages. 3. I improve photos on my computer by (make) a few touches and then save them on a CD. 4. I spent a lot of time in (prepare) my report about programming languages. 5. He can’t solve this problem without (give) this program. 6. Computers can be used in (train) engineers, businessmen, managers and etc. 7. He was fined for (drink) in charge of a car.8. The safe showed no signs of (touch). 9. Police may issue cautions, and in Scotland the prosecutor fiscal may warn, instead of (prosecute). 10. In (consider) the development of computers it is necessary to point out that the oldest forms of mechanical devices for calculation. 11. (Learn) to use a computer today is important for every educated person. 12. We expected (give) further instructions in carrying out the experiment. 7. Translate the sentences paying attention to both the Infinitive and Gerund. 1. The programmer must have good knowledge in mathematics to do the program for a computer. 2. He succeeded in solving one of the most difficult cases.3. Leibnitz was the first to use the word "function". 4.The idea of using symbols instead of words was very helpful. 5. For the experiment we need several electrical devices to be connected in series. 6. He is against carrying out a set of experiments. 7. Most of the problems in the chapter to be followed will be the problems of educational computer programs. 8. The lecture to be followed by the experiment is to take place at 10 a.m.9. Computer-aided testing is determined by the aims of educational procedure.10. P.L. Chebyshev was the first to construct arithmometer. 8. Look at these pairs of sentences and decide if there is a significant difference in meaning. 1. a) She stopped to have lunch. b) She stopped having lunch. 2. a) I’d like to have a coffee at 11 a.m. b) I like having coffee at 11 a.m. 3. a) I began to read that book last night. b) I began reading that book last night. 4. a) I remember to lock the front door. b)I remember locking the front door. 5. a) She prefers to work in the evenings. b)She prefers working in the evenings. 6. a)He tried to learn ten words every day. b)He tried learning ten words every day. 9*. Open the brackets using the Infinitive or Gerund. Explain your choice. 1. It was quite late when they saw Mike (come) up the other side of the street. They saw him (pause) in front of his house, (look) up at it and (knock) at the door. 2. My parents let me (stay) at Kitty’s house last weekend. They agreed (take) me to his place in the car and they made me (promise) to behave myself. 3. Sue hates (answer) the phone. And very often she just lets it (ring). 4. At first Jeremy enjoyed (listen) to Tom but after a while he got tired of (hear) the same story. 5. Lily can’t (go) to the cinema today. She is busy (study) for her exam, which is next week, but she’s decided (take) a break and (phone)her friend. 6. I tried (listen) carefully and in order (not/show) how I was embarrassed, I did my best (keep) the conversation (go) on one topic and another. 7. They wouldn't let him (to enter) the country without the entry visa, would they? 8. Dickey couldn’t make me (to believe) that he had caught the huge fish himself. 9. Boris was very close to the phone-box and Margy noticed him (dial) the number, and then she heard him (say) something to passer-by. 10. Samantha was seen (enter) the hall and then Jack watched him (go away). 11. It's too late now, but I will always regret (ask) John to do the work. 12. They were allowed (continue) discussing the plans, so their partner introduced himself and went on to talk about the project. 10. Choose the right option. Much remains _______ to give national judges the tools to apply international law. a) to be done b) to do c)be doing _______ a true picture of the surrounding matter is the task of natural science. a) Give b) Being given c) To give I heard them _________upon all the main problems. a) to have agreed b) have agreed c) agreed The students are happy _________all the exams successfully. a) to be passed b) to have passed c) to passing At first I enjoyed _________ to him, but after a while I got tired of hearing the same story again and again. a) listen b) listening c) being listened We shall study the results _________during the investigation. a) to be obtained b) to obtain c) be obtained The lawyers insisted on the term _________. a) being reconsidering b) to being reconsidered c) being reconsidered The students of our department are proud of _______ the prize in the competition. a) having win b) having won c)woning Laws were not made _________, laws were made to stay within. a) to be broken b) be broken c) to breaking They promised _______ any actions without consulting their partners. a) to not undertake b) not undertook c) not to undertake Would you mind ______ your name and address on the back of the cheque? a) write b) writing c) having written The procedure _______ depends upon the substance. a) be followed b) followed c) to be followed DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS READING 1 11. Read Text 1 A and give a heading to each paragraph. TEXT 1 A Computers Make the World Smaller and Smarter The ability of tiny computing devices to control complex operations has transformed the way many tasks are performed, ranging from scientific research to producing consumer products. Tiny ‘computers on a chip’ are used in medical equipment, home appliances, cars, and toys. Workers use handheld computing devices to collect data at a customer site, to generate forms, to control inventory, and to serve as desktop organizers. Not only is computing equipment getting smaller, it is getting more sophisticated. Computers are part of many machines and devices that once required continual human supervision and control. Today, computers in security systems result in safer environments, computers in cars improve energy efficiency, and computers in phones provide features such as call forwarding, call monitoring, and call answering. These smart machines are designed to take over some of the basic tasks previously performed by people; by so doing, they make life a little easier and a little more pleasant. Smart cards store vital information such as health records, drivers' licenses, bank balances, and so on. Smart phones, cars, and appliances with built in computers can be programmed to better meet individual needs. A smart house has a built-in monitoring system that can turn lights on and off, open and close windows, operate the oven, and more. With small computing devices, available for performing smart tasks like cooking dinner, programming, and controlling the flow of information in an organization, people are able to spend more time doing what they often do best - being creative. Computers can help people work more creatively. Multimedia systems are known for their educational and entertainment value, which we call 'edutainment'. Multimedia combines text with sound, video, animation, and graphics, which greatly enhances the interaction between user and machine and can make information more interesting and appealing to people. Expert systems software enables computers to 'think' like experts. Medical diagnosis expert systems, for example, can help doctors pinpoint a patient's illness, suggest further tests, and prescribe appropriate drugs. Connectivity enables computers and software that might otherwise be incompatible to communicate and to share resources. Now that computers are proliferating in many areas and networks are available for people to access data and communicate with others, personal computers are becoming interpersonal PCs. They have the potential to significantly improve the way we relate to each other. Many people today telecommute - that is, use their computers to stay in touch with the office while they are working at home. With the proper tools, hospital staff can get a diagnosis from a medical expert hundreds or thousands of miles away. Similarly, the disabled can communicate more effectively with others using computers. Distance learning and videoconferencing are concepts made possible with the use of an electronic classroom or boardroom accessible to people in remote locations. Vast databases of information are currently available to users of the Internet, all of whom can send mail messages to each other. The information superhighway is designed to significantly expand this interactive connectivity so that people all over the world will have free access to all these resources. People power is critical to ensuring that hardware, software, and connectivity are effectively integrated in a socially responsible way. People - computer users and computer professionals - are the ones who will decide which hardware, software, and networks endure and how great an impact they will have on our lives. Ultimately people power must be exercised to ensure that computers are used not only efficiently but in a socially responsible way. 12. Choose the best way to complete each sentence using Text 1 A. 1. The tiny devices are able to control complex operations and … a) they make life a little easier and a little more pleasant. b) they can replace people in the future. c) they have changed the way of performing different tasks. 2. Distance learning and videoconferencing are … a) the best way to study. b) used for study in remote locations. c) used only by big corporations. 3. Computer users and computer professionals will decide … a) how much hardware, software, and networks will influence our lives. b) how long it’s possible to use computers in our lives. c) how many ways of our life improvement exist. 13. Answer the questions using Text 1 A. 1. What devices are ‘computers on a chip’ used in? How can they be used? 2. What abilities of smart machines are mentioned in the text? 3. What are the advantages of multimedia? 4. How can computers help the disabled people? 5. How can the interactive connectivity be expanded? 6. Why is people power critical? VOCABULARY DRILLING 1 14. Find the synonyms in two columns and make up sentences with them.
15*. Translate the following word combinations using Text 1 A and make up your own sentences with them. Выполнять задания, портативные вычислительные устройства, бытовая техника, вычислительное оборудование, постоянный надзор со стороны человека, приводить к чему-либо, экономия энергии, важная информация, взять на себя задачи, встроенная система мониторинга, расширить взаимодействие, быть распространенным во многих областях, оставаться на связи, делиться ресурсами. 16. Fill in the gaps by choosing the best option. Computer is an electronic device that (1) ______ calculations and (2) ______information. It can (3) ______ vast amounts of facts and figures and solve complicated problems at high speeds. The ability of a computer to (4) ______ so many tasks makes it (5) ______for a wide variety of purposes. There are some categories of computer (6): ______business, science, engineering, medicine, education, home. The business segment is one of the largest. Databases, (7) ______, and word processors help businesses to run more (8) ______, make administrative work easier. Creating documents (correspondence, reports and so on) and managing finances are the main tasks in an office. Another application that has steadily grown with microcomputer use is (9) ______ mail, or E-mail. E-mail lets one computer user send a message to another user on the other side of the building – or the other side of the planet. As long as both users have (10) ______to a common computer network, they can communicate. Businesses have found that this type of communication can save large amounts of time and money.
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