Английский язык для направления гороное дело. Облова И. Учебное пособие СанктПетербург 2020 удк 811. 111 (075. 8) Ббк 81. 2Англ я73 О18
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Unit 5 Outstanding people in the field of miningText 1 Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov 1. Discuss Why is Lomonosov called an outstanding scientist? What is he famous for? 2. Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. geology; achievements; worthy scientific chemical earth; naturally; research 3. Match the English words and word-combinations given below with their Russian equivalents.
4. Read the text and write its summary. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov Thе role of mining throughout the history of Russia was very big and many outstanding scientists worked in this field. In the 18th century the brilliant Lomonosov appeared in the scientific arena. We call him the founder of manу sciences, including geology and mining. His achievements in the spheres of physics, chemistry, astronomy, instrument-making, geology, geography, linguistics аnd history would be worthy оf the activities of а whole асаdemy. No wonder Pushkin called Lomonosov “our first University”. It is well-known that Lomonosov laid the foundation of scientific geology. Не was far ahead оf his time. Не pointed out that rocks and minerals undergo constant changes and there are continuous physical and chemical processes in the earth’s crust. Не studied the theory of crystals and the problem of rock pressure. Lomonosov worked on the problems of great importance to the есоnomу of Russia. He put forward the theory of anthracite origin and pointed out the importance of mining of anthracite for industrial purposes. Lomonosov was the first scientist to prove that many valuable products саn bе obtained from соаl as а result оf chemical processes. Не is also famous for his description of drilling methods. Не recommended drilling as а means of prospecting. In 1745 Lomonosov wrote his paper “On the Movement of Air in Mines”. Не formulated scientific principles оf ventilation which were о f practical importance, since in those days there was nо machinery for ventilating the mines, and thе air moved naturally into the mines. Lomonosov's activity is а wonderful example оf how research is combined with practical work. 5. Choose the right answer and translate these sentences from Russian into English. Ломоносов не интересовался.... а) астрономией b) биологией c) литературой 2) Отец Ломоносова.... а) продавал товары b) покупал товары c) поставлял товары 3) Молодой Ломоносов уехал из Москвы домой, потому что.... а) у него не было достаточно книг для чтения b) он хотел видеть мир c) он хотел получить хорошее образование 4) Ломоносов смог получить высшее образование, потому что.... а) российское правительство заплатило за учебу b) правительство Германии заплатило за университетский курс c) он очень много работал и платил за себя 6. Prepare a presentation about one of the achievements made by Lomonosov. Text 2.1 Pioneers of Russian Mining School A.P. Karpinsky 1. Discuss Have you ever heard about V.A. Obruchev, I.M. Gubkin, A.Y. Fersman, V.I. Vernadsky and A.P. Karpinsky? What are they famous for? 2. Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. European; geology; society; ammonites; physical; foreign; stratigraphy 3. Match the English words and word-combinations given below with their Russian equivalents.
4. Read the text and take a note of the fields of geology, in which A.P. Karpinsky was a pioneer. A.P. Karpinsky V.A. Obruchev, I.M. Gubkin, A.Y. Fersman, V.I. Vernadsky and A.P. Karpinsky were the prominent Russian scientists who laid the foundation of the Russian school of geology and mining. An entire epoch in the history of Russian geology is connected with Karpinsky’s name. One of the greatest Russian geologists, he (1847-1936) was a member and for some time President of the academy of Sciences of the former USSR and a member of several Academies abroad. The Geological Society of London elected him a foreign member in 1901 His greatest contribution to geology was a new detailed geological map of the European part of Russia and the Urals. For many years he headed the Russian Geological Committee the staff of which was made up of 2 his pupils. He was one of those geologists who embraced the whole of geological science. He created stratigraphy of Russia. He studied the geological systems in various regions of the country and was the first to establish3 the regularity of the Earth’s crust movement. His paleontological studies are of no less importance, especially those on Palaeozoic ammonites. He also took an interest in deposits of useful minerals and gave a classification of volcanic rocks. He advanced the view that petroleum deposits existed in Russia, which was confirmed later. He studied some ore and platinum deposits and may be justly considered5 the founder of practical geology of the Urals. He was the first Russian scientist who introduced microscope in the study of petrographic slides. Karpinsky was a prominent scientist, an excellent man and citizen. He was one of the best lecturers at the Mining Institute in his time. He was also one of the greatest Russian scientists who later became the first elected President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Every geologist and every geology student know well Karpinsky’s most significant work An Outline of the Physical and Geographical Conditions in European Russia in Past Geological Periods. Notes: 1 to lay the foundation – заложить фундамент 2 to be made up of – состоять из 3 the first to establish – первым установил 4 Paleozoic ammonites – палеозойские аммониты 5 may be considered – может считаться petrographic slides – петрографические сдвиги 5. Answer the following questions. What prominent Russian scientists who laid the foundation1 of the Russian school of geology and mining do you know? A.P. Karpinsky was one of the greatest Russian geologists, was not he? What was the greatest Karpinsky’s contribution to geology? What did A.P. Karpinsky study? Was he the first one to establish the regularity of the Earth’s crust movement? Was he the head of the Russian Geological Committee or a member of that Committee? What regions did Karpinsky investigate? What can you say about Karpinsky’s investigations in petrology? How can you characterize him as a man and a citizen? Which of his works do you consider the most significant ones? 6. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations.
Text 2.2 Pioneers of Russian Mining School. A.M. Terpigorev 1. Discuss Have you ever heard about A.M. Terpigorev? What is he famous for? 2. Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. successfully; mechanics; descriptive courses; particular; facilities 3. Match the English words and word-combinations given below with their Russian equivalents.
4. Read the text and take a note of the researcher’s achievements. A.M. Terpigorev Academician A.M. Terpigorev (1873-1959) is a well-known mining engineer who successfully combined his practical experience with scientific research. He was born in 1873 in Tambov. In 1892 he finished school with honors and decided to get a higher education. He chose the Mining Institute in St.Petersburg, passed all the entrance examinations successfully and became a student of the Mining Institute. At the institute he studied the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics. At that time students’ specialization was based on1 descriptive courses and elementary practical training. One of the best lecturers was A.P. Karpinsky. His lectures on historical geology were very popular. During his practical training visited mines and saw that the miners’ work was very difficult. While he was working in the Donbas, he collected material for his graduation paper which he soon defended. The mining of flat seams in the Donbas was carefully studied and described in it. In 1897 Terpigorev graduated from the Institute with a first-class diploma of mining engineer. His first job as a mining engineer was at the Sulin mines where he worked for more than three years first as Assistant Manager and later as Manager. From 1900 till 1922 Terpigorev worked at the Yekaterinoslav Mining Institute (later the Mining Institute in Dnepropetrovsk). In 1922 he accepted an offer to take charge of2 the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Academy and moved to Moscow. From 1930 he headed, the chairs3 of Mining Transport and Mining of Bedded Deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute. Academician Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety. As a result of his investigations a series of safety measures in gassy collieries was worked out. For some time, he was working on the problem of fire damp, the most harmful and dangerous of all the gases in mines. His two-volume work Coal Mining and Mine Transport Facilities is a full description of the state of mechanization and the economy of the Donbas. His other works are about mining transport facilities, mechanization of coal mining and mining machinery. He is one of the pioneers in scientific methods of coal gasification. 1.was based on - базировалась 2 to take charge of (smth) - руководить, осуществлять контроль (над чем-либо) 3 headed the chairs – возглавил кафедры 5. Answer the following questions. Academician A.M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining engineer who successfully combined his practical experience with scientific research, isn’t he? When and where was Terpigorev born? Where did he decide to get a higher education after finishing school? Why were his lectures on historical geology very popular? What material did he collect while A.M. Terpigorev was working in the Donbas? What institute did he graduate from? What did Terpigorev take a particular interest in? What works by Terpigorev do you know? 6. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations.
Text 3 Joseph Francis Joy 1. Discuss Have you ever heard about Joseph Francis Joy? What is he famous for? 2. Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. hydraulics; equipment; gearing; circuits; accumulate; seal 3. Read the text and take a note of the discoveries the researcher made. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||