Английский язык для направления гороное дело. Облова И. Учебное пособие СанктПетербург 2020 удк 811. 111 (075. 8) Ббк 81. 2Англ я73 О18
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И.С. Облова Ю.М. Сищук ENGLISH for MINING STUDENTS АНГЛИйсКИЙ язык для ГОРНЯКОВ Учебное пособие Санкт-Петербург 2020 УДК 811.111 (075.8) ББК 81.2Англ.я73 О18 Научный редактор: кандидат филологических наук, доцент СПГУ Ю.В. Гоман Рецензенты: кандидат филологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена А.В. Ивкина; кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Санкт-Петербургского государственного экономического университета Н.Э. Горохова. Облова И.С. О18 Учебное пособие изготовлено в соответствии с рабочей программой учебной дисциплины «Иностранный язык» и предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по специальности 21.05.04 «Горное дело» и нацелено на развитие навыков чтения оригинальной научно-технической литературы по горной тематике на английском языке. Предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы обучающихся технических вузов. Облова И.С. О18 ENGLISH for mINING STUDENTS: Учебное пособие / И.С. Облова, Ю.М. Сищук. - СПб: Изд-во “Mediapapir”, 2020.-122 с. Библиогр.: 4 назв. УДК 811.111 (075.8) ББК 81.2Англ.Я73 Облова И.С., Сищук Ю.М., 2020 ISBN 978-5-00105-416-0 CONTENTS ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ 4 Unit 1 Coal General facts 5 Unit 2 Coal mining 13 What is common in meaning for all these words? 26 3. Read the text and choose the sentences that best summarise its main idea. 27 Modern surface and underground mining 28 Unit 3. Drilling systems and equipment 35 Unit 4. Industrial safety and environmental impact 41 Unit 5 Outstanding people in the field of mining 50 Mining Thick Seams 76 An Overview of the Mining Industry 77 REFERENCES 84 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕВ соответствии с ФГОС ВО, требованием которого является формирование у студентов иноязычной профессионально- коммуникативной компетенции, целью настоящего пособия является развитие навыков и умений работы с английской оригинальной литературой в рамках предложенной тематики, а также формирование активного словарного запаса, который включает наиболее употребительные термины и слова общетехнического характера. Пособие состоит из тематических разделов, представляющих основную производственную цепочку: методы добычи угля – технологические условия – современное горное оборудование – безопасность труда. Пособие представляет собой сборник аутентичных профессионально-ориентированных текстов и разработанных авторами упражнений, направленных на активизацию когнитивной деятельности обучающихся, освоение нового лексического материала, и способствующих развитию коммуникативных навыков в сфере профессионального общения на английском языке. Предусмотрены задания для групповой, парной и индивидуальной работы. Учебное пособие может быть использовано не только на практических занятиях, но и как дополнительный материал для самостоятельной работы. Unit 1 Coal General factsText 1 CoalDiscuss How was/is coal formed? Read the curious facts about coal. Have you heard anything like that before? Discuss with your partner. Did you Know? Coal is the official state mineral of Kentucky and the officialstate rock of Utah. Both U. S. states have an historic link to coal mining. Some cultures uphold that children who misbehave will receive only a lump of coal from Santa Claus for Christmas in their stockings instead of presents. It is also customary and lucky in Scotland to give coal as a gift on New Year's Day. It happens as a part of First-Footing and represents warmth for the year to come. Scientists estimate that it took about eight metres of compacted vegetation to produce one metre of coal. To put that in perspective, if you filled a room in your home to the ceiling with vegetation, compacted it, added heat and waited…and waited… and waited…you would get about 30 centimetres of coal. 2. Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. pressure; hydrocarbon; raw material; moisture; deposit 3. Match the English words and word-combinations given below with their Russian equivalents.
4. Read the text and choose the sentences that best summarise its main idea. Coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal is a non-renewable energy source because it takes millions of years to create. The energy in coal comes from the energy stored by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago, when the Earth was partly covered with swampy forests. For millions of years, a layer of dead plants at the bottom of the swamps was covered by layers of water and dirt, trapping the energy of the dead plants. The heat and pressure from the top layers helped the plant remains turn into what we today call coal. Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks (anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite), depending on the amounts and types of carbon it contains and on the amount of heat energy it can produce. The rank of a deposit of coal depends on the pressure and heat acting on the plant debris as it sank deeper and deeper over millions of years. Anthracite contains 86 97 % carbon, and generally has a heating value slightly higher than bituminous coal. It accounts for less than 0,5 % of the coal mined in the United States. Bituminous coal contains 45 – 86 % carbon. Bituminous coal was formed under high heat and pressure. Bituminous coal in the United States is between 100 to 300 million years old. It is the most abundant rank of coal found in the United States. Bituminous coal is used to generate electricity and is an important fuel and raw material for the steel and iron industries. Subbituminous coal has a lower heating value than bituminous coal. It typically contains 35 45 % carbon. Most subbituminous coal in the United States is at least 100 million years old. About 46 % of the coal produced in the United States is subbituminous. Ligniteis the lowest rank of coal with the lowest energy content. Lignite coal deposits tend to be relatively young coal deposits that were not subjected to extreme heat or pressure, containing 25 – 35 % carbon. It is crumbly and has high moisture content. Coal miners use giant machines to remove coal from the ground. They use two methods: surface or underground mining. Modern mining methods allow us to easily reach most of our coal reserves. Surface mining is used to produce most of the coal in the US because it is less expensive than underground mining. Surface mining can be used when the coal is buried less than 200 feet underground. Underground mining, sometimes called deep mining, is used when the coal is buried several hundred feet below the surface. Some underground mines are 1,000 feet deep. After coal comes out of the ground, it typically goes on a conveyor belt to a preparation plant that is located at the mining site. The plant cleans and processes coal to remove other rocks and dirt, ash, sulfur, and unwanted materials, increasing the heating value of the coal. After coal is mined and processed, it is ready to be shipped to market. Coal is used to create almost half of all electricity generated in the US. Power plants bum coal to make steam. The steam turns turbines that generate electricity. A variety of industries use coal's heat and by-products. Separated ingredients of coal (such as methanol and ethylene) are used in making plastics, tar, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and medicines. Coal is also used to make steel. Coal is baked in hot furnaces to make coke, which is used to smelt iron ore into iron needed for making steel. It is the very high temperatures created from the use of coke that gives steel the strength and flexibility for things like bridges, buildings, and automobiles. The concrete and paper industries also use large amounts of coal. 5. Answer the following questions. What is the most abundant fossil fuel? Should people stop using coal as a source of energy? How long will it take for renewable energy transition? 6. Watch the video about how coal was formed. Were you right or wrong describing the process of coal formation? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBeXRRTGjNE&feature=player_e mbedded Text 2 Types of coalDiscuss What is the hardest type of coal, consisting of nearly pure carbon? Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. customary;vegetation; dull; anthracite Match the Russian words and word-combinations given below with their English equivalents.
4. Read the text and choose the sentences that best summarise its main idea. Types of coal Coal quality is determined by pressure, temperature and how long it has been forming, the oldest and hardest coals being drier and more energetic than younger, damper deposits. Organic matter in peat bogs first transforms over millions of years into lignite or “brown coal”. Over millions of years lignite transforms into the rank known as “sub-bituminous” coal. Further blackening and hardening during “coalification” forms “bituminous” or hard coals. Eventually, under the right conditions, the hardest of coals, anthracite, is formed. What are the different types of coal used for? Low quality coals: softer, wetter, duller, earthier, lower energycontent. Lignite – mostly used to generate power. Demand expected to grow by 1 percent a year through to 2030. Subbituminous – power generation, cement making and industries like chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Coal is not only an ingredient in cement but is also used in large quantities to fire the kilns which bake the material used in many of the world’s buildings. It is also needed to make carbon fibre which is used for strong, light-weight products from bicycles to tennis rackets. Harder coals – darker, drier, shinier, more energetic Bituminous Thermal steam coal – used for power generation, cement and other industrial uses. Thermal steam coal demand is expected to grow at 1.5 percent a year until 2030. Metallurgical Coking Coal – used to make iron and steel. Demand expected to grow at 0.9 percent a year until 2030. Anthracite– relatively clean burning and lightweight for its energycontent but expensive. Most often used in domestic coal fires and businesses needing smokeless fuel. Notes: continuously – непрерывно valley – долина, впадина, лощина, низина evident – adj. явный, очевидный; наглядный, открытый (to) coal-cutting machine – врубовая машина steam shovels – паровой экскаватор surpass – v. 1) превосходить, превышать (in); опережать permanent convict settlement – постоянное поселение каторжников predetermining – предопределяя (from v. determine) mouth – устье (реки) 5. Translate the following words from Russian into English. a. каменный уголь b. марка угля c. повторно использовать d. угольная промышленность e. топливо f. открытая разработка g. шахтовая разработка h. горный инженер i. добыча угля j. каменноугольные копии 6. Read the text “Types of coal” and decide if the statements given below are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones. Coal is classified into five main types The rank of coal depends on the pressure, heat and moisture content. Lignite is the highest rank of coal with the highest energy content. Lignite is mainly burnt at power plants to generate electricity. Anthracite has a heating value slightly higher than bituminous coal. Bituminous coal is used to generate electricity and is an important fuel and raw material for the steel and iron industry. Higher rank of coal contains more heat-producing energy. Lower rank of coal contains more moisture. Anthracite is the hardest of all types. Text 3 Use of coalDiscuss Where is coal used as an energy source? What is beneficial use? What special products based on coal do you know? 2. Learn to pronounce the words given below. Use them in the sentences of your own. demand; thermal; sufficient; requirements; quantities; fertilisers 3. Read the text “Uses of coal” and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). The five largest coal users are China, the USA, Finland, Russia and Japan. Different types of coal have similar uses. The biggest market for coal is Europe. Few products have coal or coal by-products as components. 4. Read the following text and choose the sentences that best summarise its main idea. Use of coal All sources of energy will be needed to meet future energy demand, including coal. Coal has many important uses worldwide. The most significant uses are in electricity generation, steel production, cement manufacturing and as a liquid fuel. Around 6.1 billion tonnes of hard coal were used worldwide last year and 1 billion tonnes of brown coal. Since 2000, global coal consumption has grown faster than any other fuel. The five largest coal users – China, the USA, India, Russia and Japan – account for 77 % of total global coal use. Different types of coal have different uses. Steam coal – also known as thermal coal – is mainly used in power generation. Coking coal – also known as metallurgical coal – is mainly used in steel production. The biggest market for coal is Asia, which accounts for over 65 % of global coal consumption; although China is responsible for a significant proportion of this. Many countries do not have natural energy resources sufficient to cover their energy needs, and therefore have to import energy to meet their requirements. Japan, Chinese Taipei and Korea, for example, import significant quantities of steam coal for electricity generation and coking coal for steel production. Other important users of coal include alumina refineries, paper manufacturers, and the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Several chemical products can be produced from the by-products of coal. Refined coal tar is used in the manufacture of chemicals, such as creosote oil, naphthalene, phenol, and benzene. Ammonia gas recovered from coke ovens is used to manufacture ammonia salts, nitric acid and agricultural fertilisers. Thousands of different products have coal or coal by-products as components: soap, aspirins, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, such as rayon and nylon. Coal is also an essential ingredient in the production of special products: Activated carbon – used in filters for water and air purification and in kidney dialysis machines. Carbon fibre – an extremely strong but light weight reinforcement material used in construction, mountain bikes and tennis rackets. Silicon metal – used to produce silicones and silanes, which are in turn used to make lubricants, water repellents, resins, cosmetics, hair shampoos and toothpastes. 5. Translate the following words from Russian into English. a. каменный уголь b. марка угля c. повторно использовать d. угольная промышленность топливо открытая разработка шахтовая разработка горный инженер k. добыча угля l. каменноугольные копии 6. Watch the video and correct the statements given below. - The Kemerovo region is the heart of coal mining in Russia. - The history of the AIC is rather long. - The work is dangerous at the Chernigovsky opencast mine. - There are different family traditions in mining. - Mining and safety are closely connected. - Life is possible without coal mining in Kusbass. http://video.mining.com/videos/2791c0/coal_mining_in_russia's_kemero vo_region.aspx Coal Quiz - Test your coal knowledge. See how many of the following 10 questions you can answer correctly. Circle the correct answer.
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