NEW Учебник_ Английский 2022 (3)-1. University Life Learning Process and Challenges Students Face while Studying
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PRE-GUESTION Discuss with your fellow students How one can organize the work and time to study more effectively? VOCABULARY PRACTICE 1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
2. Complete the gaps with the words and phrases below: 1. mindset; 2. exhibit low levels of motivation; 3. lose; 4. sure-fire way; 5. competitive advantages; 6. gaining; 7. topical knowledge; 8. “pruning”; 9. external; 10. rapid pace. 1. The knowledge is the main driving force of modern society, a source of power and … in work and life. 2. Everything changes so quickly that the skills obtained rapidly … their relevance. 3. Students who … to learning will often depend on the rewards to encourage them. 4. The world has never developed at such a … as now. 5. The most important skill needed for learning is the right … . 6. This «use-it-or-lose-it» phenomenon involves a brain process known as … . 7. If you are trying to acquire a new skill or ability, focus on … practical experience. 8. Highly motivated students find the process of learning enjoyable without expecting any … rewards. 9. The traditional education system can poorly meet the growing needs for … and skills. 10. One … to become a more effective learner is to simply keep learning. TEXT Part 1. Learning skills and methods to improve them Read the text and point out methods you consider to be the most effective to improve learning skills. Many people think of learning as studying, but this is not the case. When you study, you normally learn but learning can go far beyond structured or unstructured studying. Learning skills are habits that can be used throughout your life in the process of acquiring new knowledge. They can continuously be developed and improved to help you accomplish daily tasks or achieve your career milestones. While learning is wider than studying, nonetheless, having good study skills will help you learn. It is no doubt that knowledge is the main driving force of modern society, a source of power and competitive advantages in work and life. However, the traditional education system can poorly meet the growing needs for topical knowledge and skills. Even the best universities in the world cannot give their students the knowledge that would be enough for a lifetime. At any higher school, you will get the necessary basic level, but everything changes so quickly that the skills obtained rapidly lose their relevance. The old model, when a person goes to school, to college, to university and then uses this knowledge for their entire life is gradually becoming a thing of the past. The world has never developed at such a rapid pace as now. This is especially true of science, technology, information technologies, and medicine. If you want to be a success in the twenty-first century, you should learn throughout your entire life. In order to succeed, each of us has to study regularly. But for this, you first have to master a skill that is rarely taught in the educational institution - you must obtain learning skills. What does a person need in order to acquire new skills and knowledge throughout life effectively? There are various learning skills that can be beneficial for you to have, whether you are a student or a seasoned professional in the workforce. Let’s look at some of them: Self-motivation is in its simplest form, the force that drives you to do things. The ability to motivate yourself- self-motivation-is an important learning skill. Highly motivated students are usually actively and spontaneously involved in activities and find the process of learning enjoyable without expecting any external rewards. On the other hand, students who exhibit low levels of motivation to learning will often depend on the rewards to encourage them to participate in activities they may not find enjoyable. Organizational skills. Many people tend to lack organizational skills due to carelessness, laziness or other stuff. But there are a lot of benefits to being organized. It helps you save a lot of your time as you will to end up wasting your time in finding things, you will have the privilege to enjoy the cleans space by cluttering all the unnecessary paperwork out and hence make you feel less burdened. Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally, understanding the logical connection between ideas. Critical thinking might be described as the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. In essence, critical thinking and right mindset requires you to use your ability to reason. It is about being an active learner rather than a passive recipient of information. Critical thinkers will identify, analyze and solve problems systematically rather than by intuition or instinct. Flexibility Students should be flexible in our changing world. Flexibility means the willingness to adapt to changes and start doing things another way, even if it may differ from the way one wants to. It’s one of the most challenging skills for students to learn because they need to accept that their solution is not workable, and someone’s idea is more efficient.If you are flexible, you show that you are always ready to learn something new and react positively to changes. Communication Good communication skillsare the abilities that assist you to become effective at sharing information with others. While some communicationskills come naturally, you need to develop other essential skills to be able to leave a mark on the people with whom you converse. Communication skills allow you to interact with people effectively and let you make your presence felt by the people present in a discussion or a meeting. For this reason, 21st century students need to learn how to communicate appropriately with different types of personalities. Part 2. Helpful tips on how to master effective learning Read the text and point out the most useful advice for effective learning. The above-listed skills are general for the organization of any learning. But what should the students do to study more effectively? If you are an ordinary learner like other students, your time is limited so it is important to get the most educational value out of the time you have available. Develop your memory.To improve your memorization process, you can use several tricks: - during memorization, combine learning with actions and associations,this will give a lasting memorization effect; - create images for yourself. If you have to remember something important, try to create a certain image in your mind that is associated with what you need to remember. It will be easier for your brain to do this; - speak about the information received. When you want to remember important information, try to retell it, or explain it to another person; - repeating at intervals is the best way to memorize something. A brain needs a break for the neurons to connect. It is better to repeat a poem ten times today and ten times tomorrow than 20 times today. It is even better to repeat it 2-3 times a day for several days in order to memorize it permanently.The memorization process becomes better when you pronounce the information received. Keep learning and practicing new things. One sure-fire way to become a more effective learner is to simply keep learning. So, if you are learning a new language, it is important to keep practicing the language in order to maintain the gains you have achieved. This "use-it-or-lose-it" phenomenon involves a brain process known as «pruning». Certain pathways in the brain aremaintained, while others are eliminated. If you want the new information keep practicing and rehearsing it. Learning in multiple ways is another one of the best ways to learn. Instead of just listening to a podcast, which involves auditory learning, find a way to rehearse the information both verbally and visually. This might involve describing what you learned to a friend, taking notes, or drawing a mind map. It is also very useful to keep a journal with records of your achievements, problems, and just interesting thoughts - you will be able to analyze your results, make adjustments and make a forecast. Teach what you have learned to another person. Educators have long noted that one of the best ways to learn something is to teach it to someone else. Start by translating the information into your own words. This process alone helps solidify new knowledge in your brain. Next, find some way to share what you have learned. Some ideas include writing a blog post, creating a podcast, or participating in a group discussion. Gain practical experience. For many students, learning typically involves reading textbooks, attending lectures, or doing research in the library or online. While seeing information and then writing it down is important, actually putting new knowledge and skills into practice can be one of the best ways to improve learning. If you are trying to acquire a new skill or ability, focus on gaining practical experience. If it is a sport or athletic skill, perform the activity on a regular basis. If you are learning a new language, practice speaking with another person and surround yourself with language-immersion experiences. Watch foreign-language films and strike up conversations with native speakers to practice your budding skills. Use previous learning to promote new one. Another great way to become a more effective learner is to use relational learning, which involves relating new information to things that you already know. For example, if you are learning about Romeo and Juliet, you might associate what you learn about the play with prior knowledge you have about Shakespeare, the historical period in which the author lived, and other relevant information. Stop multitasking (performing more than one activity at once). For many years, it was thought that people who multitask had an edge over those who did not. However, research now suggests that multitasking can actually make learning less effective. In the study, participants lost significant amounts of time as they switched between multiple tasks and lost even more time as the tasks became increasingly complex. By switching from one activity to another, you will learn more slowly, become less efficient, and make more errors. How can you avoid multitasking? Start by focusing your attention on the task at hand and continue working for a predetermined amount of time. Take care of your health and brain: sleep enough, do physical exercises, eat well and maintain a healthy lifestyle. A lot of people underestimate the impact of our physical condition on our cognitive abilities. Don’t make this mistake. Treat you body well and your brain will pay you back with increased learning skills. Look up answers rather than struggle to remember. Of course, learning isn’t a perfect process. Sometimes, we forget the details of things that we have already learned. If you find yourself struggling to recall some information, research suggests that you are better offer simply looking up the correct answer. One study found that the longer you spend trying to remember the answer, the more likely you will be to forget the answer again in the future. Why? Because these attempts to recall previously learned information actually results in learning the "error state" instead of the correct response. Use testing to boost learning. While it may seem that spending more time studying is one of the best ways to maximize learning, research has demonstrated that taking tests actually helps you better remember what you have learned, even if it wasn’t covered on the test. The study revealed that students who studied and were then tested had better long-term recall of the materials, even on information that was not covered by the tests. Students who had extra time to study butwere not tested had significantly lower recall of the materials. Remove obstacles. Nothing should distract you from the learning process, so you should take care to find an environment where no factors will distract you. Understand how you learn best. Anothergreat strategy for improving your learning efficiency is to recognize your learning habits and styles. There are a number of different theories about learning styles, which can all help you gain a better understanding of how you learn best. The concept of learning styles has been the subject of considerable debate and criticism, but many students may find that understanding their learning preferences can still be helpful. To sum up, becoming a more effective learner can take time, and it always takes practice and determination to establish new habits. Start by focusing on just a few of these tips to see if you can get more out of your next study session. Compehension Check 1. Answer the following questions: 1.What is the difference between learning and studying? 2.Is knowledge the main driving force of modern society? 3. Do you consider self-motivation to be an important learning skill? 4. Why do many people tend to lack organizational skills? 5. How can you describe the critical thinking? 6. What is the flexibility? 7. Why should students learn how to communicate appropriately with different types of personalities? 8. What are the tips for mastering effective learning? 9. What tips would you follow to improve learning skills? 10. Should teachers train students how to master effective learning?Why? 11. What pieces of advice can you give your friends to develop effective learning better? 12. What are your personal ways of learning? |