В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник

• Название: В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник
• Дата: 04.06.2021
• Размер: 1.36 Mb.
• Имя файла: english.docx
• Тип: Учебник; #213837
• страница: 15 из 43

TEXT STUDY

11. 
    Опираясь на информацию текста, мотивируйте следующие утверждения.
    

Statement from the text	Why?
Karl Benz is entitled to be called the “inventor of the petrol car.” After 1902 Karl Benz had little influence on the development of the motor car. Frederick William Lanchester is called a pioneer of automobile engineering.

DISCUSSION

• 
  Пользуясь заполненной вами таблицей, расскажите о первых изобретателях ав­томобиля.
  
• 
  Попытайтесь кратко рассказать о влиянии первых изобретателей автомобиля на современный автомобиль.
  

Active Vocabulary

Область применения	Существительные и сочетания с существительными	Глаголы и глагольные сочетания
1. Машины и механизмы	two-stroke gas engine petrol car carriage four-wheeled car engine shaft piston disk brake
2. Область изготовления изделий и процессы производства	company production mass production industry
3. Участие в создании «нового»		to invent to design to credit to originate to develop to be ahead of time

В

• 
  Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов, значения выделенных слов уточните по словарю.
  

automobile, fact, complex, to revolutionize, machine, result, assembly, company, popular, model, production, technology, principle, focus, system, credit, efficiently, line, factory, result

• 
  Прочитайте следующие слова и словосочетания. Они помогут вам полнее по­нять содержание текста.
  

to develop — развивать, to sell — продавать, to cost — стоить, to lower the cost — снизить стоимость, inexpensive — недорогой, reliable — на­дежный, to operate — управлять, unable — неспособный, to meet the demands — отвечать, соответствовать требованиям, moving belt — конвейер, division of labor — разделение труда, to be responsible for

• 
  отвечать за, savings — сбережения, customer — покупатель, price
  
• 
  цена
  

• 
  Прочитайте текст и определите, за счет чего Генри Форду удалось снизить цену известного автомобиля “Model Т” с $850 (1908) до $290 (1915).
  

TEXT В. HENRY FORD (1863-1947)

Most people credit Henry Ford with inventing the automobile. The fact is he didn’t — such a complex machine is the result of a combination of technologies developed by many people over time. He did, however, invent the assembly line, which revolutionized the way we make cars, and how much they cost.

In 1908, Ford’s company began selling his famous Model T for $850 each. The Model T was inexpensive for its day, and proved to be reliable and easy to operate. It quickly became very popular; and soon Ford found he was unable to meet the enormous demand for his cars.

Ford’s solution was to invent a moving industrial production line. By installing a moving belt in his factory, employees would be able to build cars one piece at a time, instead of one car at a time. This principle, called “division of labor”, allowed workers to focus on doing one thing very well, rather than being responsible for a number of tasks.

Ford found his new system produced cars quickly and efficiently; so efficiently that it considerably lowered the cost of assembling the cars. He decided to pass these savings along to his customers, and in 1915 dropped the price of the Model T to $290. That year, he sold 1 million cars.

DISCUSSION

• 
  Обобщите информацию текста, заполнив следующую таблицу.
  

Ford’s inventions	Model T			A moving industrial production line
What was new	1 M	easy to operate	M • •	a moving belt	9 ♦ •	» •«
The result				The cost of assembling the cars was lowered

• 
  Пользуясь таблицей, перескажите текст.
  

Логическая схема-таблица

• 
  Изучите схему и составьте план сообщения по теме: Inventors of the World.
  
• 
  Сделайте краткое сообщение на английском языке по каждому пункту плана, ориентируясь на «подблоки» схемы.
  

INVENTORS OF THE WORLD	INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
Hero of Alexandria	5 principles of mechanics: lever, pulley, screw, wedge, wheel and axle
James V&tt	steam engine term “horsepower”
Michael Faraday	dynamo laws of electrolysis
Nikola Tesla	electromagnetic motor, radio
Karl Benz	two-stroke gas engine
Frederick William Lanchester	four-wheeled car
Henry Ford	assembly line
Kirkpatrick MacMillan	the first foot-pedal bicycle

TEST

1. 
   Выберите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола.
   

1. 
   This plant... reconstructed only five years ago. (will be, is, does, ш)
   
2. 
   Our country... produce many more automobiles in ten years, (does, is, will, shall)
   
3. 
   These new problems ... not much worked at now. (will be, are, do, were)
   
4. 
   As a rule, cars of this type... produced by European firms, (do, are, will be)