В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник
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Например: Предложению Не gave те a book соответствуют два предложения в страдательном залоге: The book was given to mew I was given a book. Другие глаголы, выступающие в аналогичных конструкциях: ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell. Преобразуйте следующие предложения в предложения со сказуемым в страдательном залоге (два варианта): 1. They offered me the job. 2. The engineer showed them the new machine. 3. The U.S. Government gave him the patent for this invention. 4. This college offers students education in the field of engineering. GRAMMAR REVISION Глаголы с предлогами в пассиве Существуют три группы глаголов в английском языке, которые создают трудности при переводе, связанные с использованием предлогов в английском языке.
При переводе на русский язык всех групп глаголов предлог выносится перед подлежащим; особенности группы II состоят в том, что в английском языке предлогов нет, а в русском есть. Переведите последний абзац текста, при необходимости воспользуйтесь словарем. Переведите на русский язык. 1. This lecturer is always listened to with great interest. 2. Your friend is very well spoken of. 3. This new equipment can be relied upon. 4. I recommend you to read the article referred to by our professor. 5. When was the doctor sent for? 6. Prof. Smith’s lecture was attended by a lot of students yesterday. 7. In this book no mention is made of the British polytechnics. 8. Care must be taken in using new computer programs. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в пассивную форму. This student can {to rely on). 2. This equipment must {to take good care of). 3. The new model of Volvo always {to look at) with great interest. 4. Professor Semenov’s invention often {to refer to). 5. The programme of this subject much {to work at). 6. The whole reference book {to look through), but we couldn’t find any answer to the question. 7. Plastics {not to affect) by water. 8. The conditions {to agree upon) yesterday. 9. The lecture {to follow) by a seminar. TEXT STUDY Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста, при необходимости найдите ответы в тексте. When was Michael Faraday born? 2. What did he discover in 1823? What did he build in 1831? 4. Where does the starting motor draw electricity from? 5. How is the generator driven? 6. How is the battery recharged? 7. When did Faraday discover the laws of electrolysis? 8. Whose works are based on the discoveries made by Faraday? DISCUSSION • На основе информации текста заполните следующую схему. • Расскажите о работе электрооборудования автомобиля, пользуясь схемой. Active Vocabulary
В Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов. academic, industrial, magnetic, electromagnetic motor, electrical energy, reverse, mechanical, rotor, machine, radio, patent Прочитайте следующие слова. Они помогут вам понять содержание текста, distinguished — выдающийся, to create — создать, loop — замкнутая цепь, петля, armature — якорь, spin — крутиться, вращаться, to modify — видоизменять, модифицировать, commutator — коллектор, switch — переключатель, appliances — приборы Просмотрите текст и наймите абзац, в котором описывается суть изобретенного Николай Теслой электродвигателя. Переведите на русский язык предложение, в котором описывается отличие индукционного электродвигателя Теслы от электродвигателя постоянного тока. TEXT В. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR Born in Croatia, the engineer Nikola Tesla had a distinguished academic and industrial career in central and eastern Europe before coming to the United States in 1884. Here, while working for the Edison Machine Works and independently, Tesla created his greatest invention, the electromagnetic motor. A motor converts electrical energy to mechanical power by using current to make a metallic loop (“the rotor” or “armature”) spin around a central shaft. Tesla was convinced that DC (“direct current”) motors could be modified to operate without commutators. In early 1888, working in his experimental shop in New York, he proved his theory: Tesla built and demonstrated the “induction” or “electromagnetic” motor. Tesla’s revolutionary motor used a rotating magnetic field, rather than mechanical switches, to spin the rotor. This made unit drives for machines possible, and allowed the more efficient AC (“alternating current”) power to become the standard for most office and household appliances. Tesla was also a pioneer in the early days of radio (invented by Guglielmo Marconi at the turn of the 20th century). By the end of his career, Tesla had over 700 inventions and 100 patents to his credit. Though his innovations never made him wealthy, Tesla is rightly renowned to this day as one of the greatest electrical engineers of all time. DISCUSSION |