В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник
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Завершите предложения, выбрав столбце. At present there are... It is very difficult... The main divisions of engineering are... So, engineers must become... In designing even a simple machine... Thus, any branch of engineering may require... соответствующие окончания в правом more scientific and specialized. the special services of specialists from various branches. numerous branches of engineering. complicated and specialized calculations are needed. to give a satisfactory classification of these branches. mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, structural engineering and chemical engineering. • Заполните таблицу по образцу.
Воспользовавшись заполненной таблицей, расскажите об основных отраслях техники, специалистах, работающих в этих отраслях, содержании их работы. Ситуации для высказываний. (При подготовке используйте Active Vocabulary.) а) Вы закончили школу и собираетесь стать инженером-строителем. Скажите, в каком вузе вы можете получить эту специальность; в чем ее специфика. б) Вы — студент факультета «Двигатели» автомеханического института. Скажите, к какой отрасли промышленности относится автостроение; что вы знаете о своей будущей специальности. в) Вы занимаетесь разработкой нового типа турбины для теплоэлектростанций. Скажите, помощь каких специалистов вам потребуется. Active Vocabulary
В Какое событие, связанное с утверждением машиностроения как отдельной отрасли техники, упомянуто в первом абзаце текста? Просмотрите второй абзац текста и определите связь между этим текстом и текстом А, опираясь на знание коннектора in fact (см. Приложение VII). В третьем абзаце текста дается классификация отраслей и подразделений Американского общества инженеров-механиков. Какие из этих отраслей были отмечены в тексте А? TEXT В. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Mechanical engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering since the formation ofthe Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Great Britain in 1847. The development of the textile machinery, steam engines, machine-tools, pumping machinery, turbines and locomotives of that time made such a diversity interest for civilian engineers that these and allied subjects were called mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineering deals with the design, construction and operation of machines and devices of all kinds, and with research and sciences upon which these depend. Among these machines are prime movers such as engines and turbines using air, gas, steam and water as operating media; pumping machines and other hydraulic apparatus; steam boilers, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating equipment, transportation structures used in aviation; automotive engineering, railroads and ships, machine-tools, special machines for industry and for construction of buildings, railroads and harbours. In fact, mechanical engineering enters into the work of all engineers whose machines are to be developed for the processes of specialists of the other branches of engineering. To understand better the extent of the activities and interests of mechanical engineers, the following lists of the professional divisions and technical committees of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) are given. Professional divisions; applied mechanics, aviation, fuel, graphic arts (printing), heat transfer, hydraulics, industrial instruments and regulators, management, materials handling, metals engineering, oil and gas power, process industries, production engineering, railroad, rubber and plastics, textiles, wood industries. DISCUSSION • Заполните схему, используя информацию текста.  • Расскажите: а) об изделиях машиностроения; б) о структуре и деятельности Аме риканского общества инженеров-механиков. Step 2 А Переведите заголовок текста (он полностью раскрывает его содержание). Прочитайте текст и определите: а) о каких двух основных направлениях современного машиностроения упоминается в первом абзаце; б) в каком абзаце перечисляются новые виды автоматизированных машин и механизмов; в) в каких абзацах говорится о методах повышения срока службы и надежности современных машин. TEXT A. TRENDS IN THE MODERN MACHINE- BUILDING INDUSTRY The scientific and technological progress will continue in engineering along two main headlines. Firstly, it is automation, including the creation of “unmanned” industries. Secondly, raising the reliability and extending the service life of machines. This certainly requires new technology. The machine modules on a large scale are well suited for “unmanned” industries. Intense work is being carried out on new robots. What we need is not merely manipulators which can take up a workpiece and pass it on, but robots which can identify objects, their position in space, etc. We also need machines that would trace the entire process of machining. Some have been designed and are manufactured. Modern engineering thinking has created new automated coal-digging complexes and machine systems, installations for the continuous casting of steel, machine-tools for electrophysical and electrochemical treatment of metals, unique welding equipment, automatic rotor transfer lines and machine-tool modules for flexible industries. New technologies and equipment have been designed for most branches of engineering. In the shortest time possible the engineers are to start producing new generations of machines and equipment which would allow manufacturers to increase productivity several times and to find a way for the application of advanced technologies. Large reserves in extending service life for machines can be found in the process of designing. At present, advanced methods have been evolved for designing machines proceeding from a number of criteria. Automatic design systems allow for an optimizing of the solutions in design and technology when new machines are still in the blueprint stage. A promising reserve in increasing the life of parts is strengthening treatment. In recent years new highly efficient methods have been found. First and foremost of them is the vacuum plasma methods for coating components with hard alloy compounds, such as nitrides and carbides of titanium, tungsten and boron. Methods have been designed for reinforcing machine parts most vulnerable to wear and tear, such as in grain harvesters, to'make them last several times longer. Thus, it is not merely quantity engineers and scientists are after, rather it is a matter of major characteristics. In other words, this is a matter of quality, and not of the mere number of new machines, apparatuses and materials. TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS |