Учебное_пособие_КП_профессиональный. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов педагогического колледжа по специальности Коррекционная педагогика в начальном образовании
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Discussion Questions • In pairs, make conversation about your answers to these questions: 1. Did you enjoy your time at school, in general? Why (not)? 2. What did you like best? What did you hate the most? 3. Do you think education in your country is generally of a good standard? 4. How could it be improved? 5. If you were Minister of Education, what’s the first thing you’d do? 6. Were you a good student at school? 7. Do you have any interesting stories from your school days? What’s your best memory? 8. Did you use to play sport at school? Were the facilities good? 9. Have you ever fallen asleep in class? What happened? 10. Do students and children wear uniforms here? Should they? Why (not)? Unit 2 Topic “Education in the Russian Federation” Readingfor detail Early Childhood Care and Education in the Russian Federation The public pre-school education in Russia began in the mid-nineteenth century. The birth and development of home and public pre-school education in the country is connected with St. Petersburg and the history of the Russian State University. There were courses for the training of women teachers for kindergartens and families and lectures were given on pre-school education. Nowadays the pre-school education system is a multifunctional network of preschool education establishments. They are oriented towards the needs of society and offered a variety of education services which take into account the particular needs of age groups and individuals in child development. At present the Russian Federation has about 58,000 pre-school education establishments attended by more than 5,5 million children. The main tasks of pre-school education establishments are: • to provide for the development of children’s intellect and personality; • to protect children’s lives and strengthen their health; • to make the necessary corrections in child development; • to acquaint children with values common to all humanity; • to interact with families so as to ensure the fully development of children. Pre-school education establishments are different in forms and categories. But most of them have their permanent staff and additional teachers specializing in one field or another. Pre-school education establishments are divided into: • kindergartens; • kindergartens prioritizing one or several directions of child development (intellectual, artistic, physical, etc.); • kindergartens of the compensatory type prioritizing skilled correction in children’s physical and psychological development; • combined kindergartens which can include general development, compensatory and health improvement groups in various combinations; • child development centres-kindergartens which stress the physical and psychological development, correction and health improvement of all children attending, etc. Pre-school education establishments and full-day kindergarten attendance (10.5 to 12 hours) remain the basic form of pre-school education, but new forms of non-state pre-school education have appeared: Sunday kindergartens, family kindergartens, short-stay children’s groups, development groups and family education centres and some others. Supplementary education offers still more education services for pre-school age children. Vocabulary I. Read the article and find out words that you don’t know. Check them in your dictionary. II. Compare with a partner the words you looked up. Make sure that you haven’t forgotten the following words. Read them. 1. development – [dɪ´veləpmənt] – развитие, рост, эволюция 2. to be connected with – [kə´nektɪd] – быть связанным с … 3. St. Petersburg – [s(ə)n(t)´pitəzbəɡ] 4. multifunctional network – [mʌltɪ´fʌŋkʃənl´netwɜːk] – многопрофильная сеть 5. variety – [və´raɪəti] – разновидность, множество 6. establishment – [ɪ´stablɪʃm(ə)nt] – учреждение, заведение 7. to attend – [ə´tend] – посещать 8. to provide – [prə´vaɪd] – обеспечивать, предоставлять, давать 9. personality – [ˏpɜːsə´næləti] – личность 10. to strengthen – [´strɛŋθ(ə)n] – укреплять, усиливать 11. to acquaint with –[ə´kweɪnt] – познакомить, знакомить 12. value – [´væljuː] – ценность; важность; полезность 13. to interact with – [ɪntər´ækt] – взаимодействовать с… 14. to ensure – [ɪn´ʃʊə] – обеспечивать, гарантировать, убедиться 15. to prioritize – [praɪ´ɒrətaɪz] – отдавать предпочтение, уделять первостепенное внимание 16. intellectual – [ɪntɪ´lektjʊəl] – интеллектуальный, умственный 17. compensatory type – [kəm´pensətərɪ] – компенсаторный тип 18. health improvement – [ɪm´pruːvmənt] – улучшение здоровья 19. to stress – подчёркивать, акцентировать внимание 20. to appear – [ə´pɪə] – появляться, возникать Comprehension check I. What interested you most about early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation? What did you learn that you didn’t know about? II. How do you say this in your language? The public pre-school education, the birth and development, courses for the training of women teachers for kindergartens and families, the needs of society, permanent staff, to take into account the particular needs of age groups and individuals, common to all humanity, non-state pre-school education. III. Answer the following questions. 1. When did the first public pre-school education begin in Russia? 2. What does the pre-school education system look like nowadays? 3. How many pre-school education establishments has the Russian Federation? 4. How many children attend pre-school education establishments today? 5. What are the main tasks of pre-school education establishments? 6. What are pre-school education establishments divided into? 7. What type of pre-school education establishment did you attend in your childhood? 8. What new forms or types of pre-school education establishments have appeared recently? IV. Read as quickly as possible. a. Education, pre-school education, the public pre-school education, the public pre-school education in Russia. b. Kindergartens, combined kindergartens, combined kindergartens including, combined kindergartens including general development. c. Establishments, education establishments, a network of pre-school education establishments, a multifunctional network of pre-school education establishments, a multifunctional network of pre-school education establishments in Russia. d. Development, child development, child development centres, child development centres-kindergartens, child development centres-kindergartens in our country. c. Kindergartens, compensatory kindergartens, compensatory kindergartens which, compensatory kindergartens which prioritize, compensatory kindergartens which prioritize skilled correction, compensatory kindergartens which prioritize, compensatory kindergartens which prioritize skilled correction in children’s, compensatory kindergartens which prioritize skilled correction in children’s physical, compensatory kindergartens which prioritize skilled correction in children’s physical and psychological development. V. Read the following words and word combinations in phonetic script. Translate them. [ɪndɪ´vɪdjʊəl] [´pə:m(ə)nəntstɑ:f] [ju:nɪ´vɜ:sɪtɪ] [ə´dɪʃənl] [´sentə] [kə´rekʃən] [´fɪzɪkl] [hju:´mænɪtɪ] [sʌɪkə´lɒdʒɪk(ə)l] [pə´tɪkjʊləniːdz] VI. Complete the sentences. 1. The history of the Russian pre-school education began….. 2. The pre-school education system is a complex network of….. 3. Kindergartens fulfill the needs of….. 4. There are about 58 thousand….. 5. The chief goals of pre-school education are….. 6. The pre-school education is aimed to…. 7. Most of kindergartens have a permanent staff and….. VII. Read this summary of the text. There are some mistakes in it. Say if the sentences are true or false. 1. The public pre-school education in Russia began a century ago. 2. The first nursery school instructors were women. 3. There are many preschool education establishments in the country nowadays. 4. The pre-school education establishments offer different education services. 5. The main task of pre-school education establishments is teaching the kindergarteners to do math. 6. Kindergartens have no task of to interact with children’s families. 7. There are no any child development centres-kindergartens in the country. 8. The basic form of pre-school education is home education. 9. A full-day kindergarten is a new form of non-state pre-school education in Russia. Reading for detail Read the text about educational system in our country. Education in Russia Every citizen of our country has the right to education. This right is guaranteed by the Constitution. It is not only a right but a duty too. Every boy or girl must get secondary education. They go to school at the age of six or seven and must stay there until they are 14-17 years old. At school pupils study academic subjects such as Russian, Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, a foreign language and others. After finishing 9 forms of a secondary school young people can continue their education in the 10th and the 11th form. They can also go to a vocational or technical school, where they study academic subjects and receive a profession. A college gives general knowledge in academic subjects and a profound knowledge in one or several subjects. After finishing a secondary, vocational, technical school or a college, young people can start working or enter a university. Universities train specialists in different fields. A course at a university usually takes 5 years. Many universities have evening and extramural departments. They give their students an opportunity to study without leaving their jobs. Universities usually have graduate courses which give candidate or doctoral degrees. Education in Russia is free at most schools. There are some private primary and secondary schools where pupils have to pay for their studies. Students of universities get scholarships. At many universities there are also departments where students have to pay for their education. Practising Vocabulary 1. citizen (n) – гражданин 1. right to education – право на образование 3. duty (n) – обязанность 4. to get secondary education – получить среднее образование 5. academic subject – общеобразовательный предмет 6. to finish ... forms окончить ... классов 7. to continue one’s education – продолжить образование 8. vocational school – училище, ПТУ 9. technical school – техникум 10. to receive a profession – получить профессию 11. general knowledge – общие знания 12. profound knowledge – углубленные знания 13. to enter (v) – поступать 14. to train a specialist (in smth.) подготовить специалиста (в определенной области) 15. evening department – вечернее отделение 16. extramural department – заочное отделение 17. opportunity – возможность 18. without leaving one’s job – одновременно работая 19. graduate courses – аспирантура 20. candidate or doctoral degree – степень кандидата или доктора наук 21.to get a scholarship – получать стипендию 1. Mind your pronunciation and give the Russian equivalents of the following word combinations and expressions. The right is guaranteed by the Constitution; not only a right but a duty too; pupils study academic subjects; to go to a vocational or technical school; a college gives general knowledge; to train specialists in different fields; education is free; students get scholarships. 2. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Право на образование; получить среднее образование; продолжить образование; подготовить специалиста; поступить в университет; одновременно работая; аспирантура; присвоить степень кандидата; частная школа; получать стипендию. 3. Make sentences using the following word combinations and expressions. Education is free; graduate courses; private schools; to enter the university; to train specialists; without leaving a job; to get a scholarship; an extramural department; secondary schools; a profound knowledge; to receive a profession; academic subjects. Comprehension check I. Answer the following questions. a. What does the phrase “the right to education” mean? b. Why is education a duty, too? c. What subjects do pupils study at school? d. What can young people do after finishing the 9th form? e. What subjects do young people study at technical schools and at colleges? f. What can pupils do after finishing the 11th form? g. What departments are there at universities and colleges? h. Do children and young people have to pay for education in Russia? II. Complete the sentences. a. All people in Russia have .............. b. After finishing 9 forms of a secondary school .............. c. Young people can start .............. d. Universities train .............. e. Graduate courses give .............. III. Divide the text into several parts. Give a title to each part of the text. IV. Translate from Russian into English. a. Право на образование в России гарантируется конституцией. b. В средней школе ученики изучают общеобразовательные предметы. c. После окончания 9 класса средней школы молодые люди могут пойти в техникум или ПТУ. d. Там они изучают общеобразовательные предметы и получают специальное образование. e. Молодые люди могут продолжить образование в 10 и 11 классе или колледже и получить углубленные знания по одному или нескольким предметам. f. Молодые люди, поступившие в университет, учатся там 5 лет. g. Студенты вечернего и заочного отделений могут получить образование, одновременно работая. h. Начальное и среднее образование бесплатно в большинстве школ. Reading: skimming I. Find the main idea of the text. Private Schools in Russia In the Soviet Union most schools were state schools. Only very few children or the most talented ones could choose a school to go to. Most children were schoolchildren of local schools. Now in Russia most kids still go to their local schools. But at the same time there is a choice of private schools and kindergartens. According to officials, Moscow has nearly one half of the private schools of the country. According to the same officials, most of the private schools offer more courses and activities than state schools. They include foreign languages, training, horse riding and door-to-door transport. An important thing is individual attention. Now all people, however, share this opinion. Nowadays about 4% of children of school age study in 850 private schools in Russia and the majority of them are in Moscow. At the same time in the state sector the classes are large and there is a shortage of teachers. But the tuition fees in private schools are very high. As a result most of the expensive private schools do not have enough pupils, and they cannot choose students on the basis of their knowledge and abilities. One of the most important problems for Russian private schools is to find the right kind of teachers. Even the most qualified ones have sometimes troubles with the new approach to teaching. Very often a teacher must work with less than 10 pupils and must deal with each of them personally. Sometimes even the most qualified teachers cannot create the right relationship between a pupil, a parent and a teacher – a relationship where understanding must replace the barked command. Comprehension check II. How do you say these in your language? The Soviet Union, local schools, according to officials, door-to-door transport, individual attention, however, a shortage of teachers, the tuition fees, knowledge and abilities, the new approach to teaching, to deal with, create the right relationship, the barked command. III. Make up a plan of the article. Use different forms: questions, statements, or phrases. IV. Study the list of qualities a good primary school teacher should possess. Read them in order of importance and discuss with other students. A good primary school teacher a. has a lot of new ideas; b. encourages the children to learn happily; с. keeps in contact with parents of her or his pupils; d. works hard to be up-to-date in the --subject; e. sets high standards; f. has a lot of patience and energy; g. is able to maintain discipline and order; h. is friendly and helpful to the colleagues; i. is kind; j. openly admits her or his mistakes; k. uses a lot of different materials, equipment and teaching methods to make the lessons interesting. Reading and discussion |