MУк ПЗ офо срв баклавр иност проф 2018. Методические указания по выполнению практических работ по дисциплине Иностранный язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации
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Тема 12. Russian Architecture / Русская архитектура. Цель: Формирование коммуникативных компетенций, овладение лексикой и грамматикой Знать: - основные способы работы над языковым и речевым материалом; - лексико-грамматический минимум в объеме, необходимом для работы с иноязычными текстами в процессе профессиональной деятельности; - лексику профессиональной направленности; - нормы употребления лексики английского языка в профессиональной сфере Уметь: - осуществлять профессиональную коммуникацию в устной и письменной формах на английском языке; - читать и переводить специальную литературу для пополнения профессиональных знаний; - изъясняться на бытовые и профессиональные темы; выступать публично (с предварительной подготовкой) с сообщениями и докладами; - аннотировать, реферировать, переводить литературу по специальности на иностранном языке Актуальность темы: обусловлена необходимостью овладением ОК-3,ПК-11 Теоретическая часть: bell tower колокольня carpenter плотник porch крыльцо log-cabin изба slender тонкий, стройный lavish щедрый splendour блеск, великолепие graceful изящный majestic величественный visible видимый skill искусство, мастерство gift дарование, талант embroideries украшение band зд. пояс, полоса Russian borrowed its early architecture, like its icon painting, from Byzantium. From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries early towns were built on defensive sites on high river banks. From afar were visible low white walls with towers, churches with brilliant domes and bell towers. The finest examples of traditional architecture can be seen in the towns of Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo and Sergiev Posad. In Russia, timber has always been the most natural building material. Russian carpenters decorate the diverse structures they were building with beautiful carved decorations above windows and porches. One can see such decorations on log-cabins, fortress towers, huge cathedrals, churches and monasteries. Wooden and masonry architecture developed side by side in medieval Russia, one stimulating and gratifying the love for verticality and slenderness, the other satisfying a yearning for massiveness, monumentality, and lavish decoration in the expression of power and splendour. The few remaining examples of the ancient wooden structures are now in Rostov and also in the museums of wooden buildings in Novgorod, Kostroma and Suzdal. These examples show the skill and gift of their builders to harmonize the building proper with the landscape. The most majestic and famous examples of wooden church architecture may be found on the island of Kizhi in Lake Onega. Here you will be impressed by the grand and gracefully silhouetted multi-domed Cathedral of the Transfiguration and ten-domed Church of the Intercession with its bell tower. Wooden architecture predominates in Northern Russia and in some of the older settlements and towns of the Siberia, such as Tyumen. One of the best-known Russian churches in the northern style is the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (Pokrova na Nerli). Today it stands alone in the midst of green meadows, the small lake below reflecting its white walls and single dome. This church is one of the most poetic creations of early Russian architecture which ever come down to us out of the past. The church is not large, and very simple in plan, with the cubical basic structure usual for the north. It is light and graceful, the structure as a whole seems hardly to touch the ground. Each facade is made up of three sections divided vertically by slender columns, and horizontally connected by a decorative band of blind arcading of the same white stone as the wall itself. As for the roofing, it was vaulted, so that each of the vertical wall sections ends in a blind arch, with long, narrow windows and small sculptured figures high up in the arch. The builders of the most of Vladimir and Suzdal churches used cut stones instead of brick, typical for Byzantine and Kievan churches. Also they used stone embroideries, uncommon in Byzantium. They adopted the general features of the square plan, with three altar apses and the four columns supporting a flat cupola with its circular drum. Вопросы и задания: Exercise 1 Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct the false sentences: 1) Early Russian architecture was derived from the Byzantine architecture. 2) Early Russian towns were built on defensive sites. 3) In Russia, stone has always been the most natural building material. 4) Russian churches and cathedrals were rich decorated with carved decorations. 5) Masonry architecture was not developed in medieval Russia. 6) Wooden architecture predominates in Southern Russia. 7) The builders of the most Vladimir Churches used cut stones instead of brick. Exercise 2 Fill in the gaps with the words given below: 1) Low white walls with towers, churches with brilliant… and … were visible… . 2) Russian … were decorated with carved decorations. 3) There are some remaining examples of ancient … architecture in Rostov. 4) Vladimir and Suzdal builders widely used stone … . 5) The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl is one of the best-known … of early Russian architecture. wooden; bell towers; creation; domes; embroideries; from afar; log-cabins. Exercise 3 Answer the following questions: 1) Where did Russia borrow its early architecture from? 2) What has always been the most natural building material in Russia? 3) Did wooden and masonry architecture develop side by side in medieval Russia? 4) What do the best examples of wooden Russian architecture show? 5) How is one of the most famous Russian churches in the northern style called? 6) Can you describe the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl? 7) What material did builders of Vladimir and Suzdal churches use? Exercise 4 Find in the text and put down key words that can be used to speak about early Russian architecture Exercise 5 Summarise your knowledge of the question under consideration. Discuss it with your partner. Use exercise 5.3.3 as a plan Рекомендуемая литература. Перечень основной литературы 1. English for building engineers : учеб. пособие / А.В. Колистратова. – Братск : ГОУ ВПО «БрГУ», 2011. – 92 с. 2. Данчевская, О.Е. English for Cross-Cultural and Professional Communication=Английский язык для межкультурного и профессионального общения : учебное пособие / О.Е. Данчевская, А.В. Малёв. - 6-е изд., стер. - Москва : Флинта, 2017. - 192 с. 3. Английский язык для архитектора и градостроителя: учебное пособие по английскому языку/ Л.А.Зарицкая; Оренбургский гос. ун-т. – Оренбург: ОГУ, 2013. – 116 с. Перечень дополнительной литературы: 1. Беляева И.В. Иностранный язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. Комплексные учебные задания [Электронный ресурс]: учебное пособие/ И.В. Беляева, Е.Ю. Нестеренко, Т.И. Сорогина— Электрон. текстовые данные.— Екатеринбур: Уральский федеральный университет, 2015.— 132 c.— Режим доступа: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/65930.html.— ЭБС «IPRbooks» 2. Меркулова Н.В. Английский язык в сфере управления / English for Management [Электронный ресурс]: учебное пособие/ Н.В. Меркулова— Электрон. текстовые данные.— Воронеж: Воронежский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, ЭБС АСВ, 2016. — 124 c. — Режим доступа: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/59141.html.— ЭБС «IPRbooks» 3. Мусихина О.Н., Гисина O.F., Яськова В.Л. Английский язык для строителей. Практикум / Серия «Высшее профессиональное образование».—Ростов н/Д:Феникс, 2004. — 352 с. Перечень ресурсов информационно-телекоммуникационной сети «Интернет», необходимых для освоения дисциплины - http://www.biblioclub.ru - http://www.iprbookshop.ru - http://www.catalog.ncstu.ru Практическое занятие №13. Тема 13 Famous Architects / Знаменитые архитекторы. Цель: Формирование коммуникативных компетенций, овладение лексикой и грамматикой Знать: - основные способы работы над языковым и речевым материалом; - лексико-грамматический минимум в объеме, необходимом для работы с иноязычными текстами в процессе профессиональной деятельности; - лексику профессиональной направленности; - нормы употребления лексики английского языка в профессиональной сфере Уметь: - осуществлять профессиональную коммуникацию в устной и письменной формах на английском языке; - читать и переводить специальную литературу для пополнения профессиональных знаний; - изъясняться на бытовые и профессиональные темы; выступать публично (с предварительной подготовкой) с сообщениями и докладами; - аннотировать, реферировать, переводить литературу по специальности на иностранном языке Актуальность темы: обусловлена необходимостью овладением ОК-3,ПК-11 Теоретическая часть: Vocabulary: evidence доказательство, подтверждение exact точный authorship авторство authentic подлинный, достоверный spirit дух vigour сила, энергия refined утонченный, изысканный courage мужество enormous огромный scarcity недостаток; редкость deviser изобретатель obvious очевидный, явный surveyor зд.: руководитель строительных работ decay разрушение, распад scheme план, проект entire целый; сплошной; полный spacious просторный, обширный equal равный quire место хора(в соборе) molding лепное украшение, карниз discreet Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren are the greatest English architects to date. Inigo Jones’ ( 1573 – 1652 ) early years are traditionally associated with a number of neo-classic buildings, but there is no exact evidence of his authorship. His first authentic building, and also his finest, was the Banqueting Hall in Whitehall intended to form part of ambitious royal palace. The design of Inigo Jones for Whitehall Palace ( 1638 ) and Queen’s Chapel ( 1623 ) in London introduced English patrons to the prevailing architectural ideas of northern Italy in the late 16th- architects such as Palladio, Serlio, and Vincenzo Scramozzi, Jones approached the Baroque spirit in his works by unifying them with a refined compositional vigour. Queen’s House is an Italian villa sympathetically reinterpreted. The upper floor loggia is very Palladian, as is also the two-armed, curved open staircase to the terrace. The proportions and the general effect are long and low and very un-Italian. It must have required considerable courage on the part of the architect to break with established tradition. It is small wonder that the influence of Inigo Jones was enormous despite the scarcity of his recorded works. It is said that Inigo Jones is to architecture what Shakespeare is to literature. The chief task of the architect is to create buildings of character; this implies that the architect should be an artist as well as a deviser of construction. The true greatness as an artist and constructor is revealed in the works of another famous English architect Sir Christopher Wren. The period of Wren’s activity as an architect covers the last forty years of the seventeenth century and extends for twenty years into eighteenth. Wren was born in the quiet Wiltshire village of East Kroyle. He was the son of the rector who was late to become Dean of Windsor. He was educated at Wensminster School and Wadham College, Oxford. His genius was obvious even in childhood, though then it was turned more to the problems of mathematics and astronomy. In 1657, when Wren was 25, he was appointed Professor of Astronomy at Grasham College in London. His spectacular talents quickly came to notice of Charles II and in 1660 Wren was appointed assistant to the Surveyor General. To tell the truth, Wren never trained as an architect. His architectural career proper began under family patronage. His uncle commissioned him to design a couple of buildings at Cambridge ( Pembroke College Chapel ) and Oxford ( Sheldonian Theatre ). They are moderately successful and, at any rate, still stand. Wren’s interest in architecture was revealed after his visit to Paris in 1665 On his return to England he was asked by the King to produce plans for the restoration of old St. Paul’s which was in a state of decay. But the Great Fire of 1666 put an end to the possibilities of restoring the old cathedral. The Great Fire also gave Wren the opportunity to suggest two grandiose schemes: the rebuilding of the entire commercial heart of London to a spacious master plan with wide street, huge piazzas and long perspectives and the rebuilding of St.Paul’s. This first scheme failed because of the powerful influence of speculators and the second scheme was rejected by the church authorities as Wren suggested a Romanesque church dominated by a large rotunda covered by a dome. He wanted to make the cathedral in the shape of the so-called Greek cross with equal arms. This church would be far from the standards of usual Gothic church with quire, nave and aisles in the form of a cross with three short arms and one long arm. Wren was asked to make another plan which would include these traditional elements. This second plan was approved. By 1666 Christopher Wren was appointed Surveyor General. It took much time of the architect. The colossal task of demolishing the old cathedral continued for 6 years. In November 1675 the rebuilding of St.Paul’s began. It was to go on for about 40 years. Architecture, first and last and all the time, is proportion. Wren’s proportions – in his columns, his moldings, his decorations – all have delicacy. They are well-bred, well-mannered and discreet. His dome when he built it, was the thitd largest in the world. Yet such was Wren’s genius that he managed to give it an air of modesty. Wren’s greatest achievement, St.Paul’s Cathedral, London ( 1675 – 1711 ), owes much to French and Italian examples of the Baroque period; but the plan shows a remarkable adaptation of the traditional English cathedral plan to Baroque spatial uses. Wren is also notable for his design of about 50 city buildings, marvelous for their beauty; Greenwich Observatory; Hampton Court Palace; Greenwich Hospital; Kensington Palace – the Grangery; Windsor Town Hall and others. Wren died in 1723 He lies buried in St.Paul’s. His tomb is aplain slab of stone on which is written: “If you seek his monument, look around you”. Вопросы и задания: Exercise 1 Find the false sentences using information from the text. Correct the false sentences: 1) Jones’ early years are associated with gothic buildings. 2) Jones’ first authentic building was Queen’s Chapel in London. 3) Jones greatly influenced the development of the English architecture. 4) Christopher Wren lived and worked in the 16th century. 5) Wren’s genius was obvious even in childhood. 6) Wren studied architecture at Grasham College. 7) Wren prepared designs for restoring the St.Paul’s. 8) Wren’s first scheme was too advanced to meet with approval. 9) Christopher Wren presented English Rococo. Exercise.2 Complete the following sentences: 1) At the early stage of his creative activity Jones worked in … style. a) gothic b) neo-classic c) rococo 2) Inigo Jones was heavily influenced by … architects. a) Italian b) Greek c) Scandinavian 3) Wren's creative activity began in the … . a) first half of the 18th century b) second half of the 17th century c) first half of the 17th century 4) At the age of 25 Wren was appointed … . a) assistant to the Surveyor General b) Surveyor General c) Professor of Astronomy 5) St.Paul’s exhibits a brilliant example of English … . a) Baroque b) Gothic c) Classicism 6) The rebuilding of St.Paul’s was to go on for about … . a) 4 years b) 14 years c) 40 years 7) Architecture is first of all … . a) decoration b) proportion c) perspective Exercise 3 Answer the following questions: 1) What are Jones’ early years associated with? 2) What is Jones’ first authentic and finest building? 3) What is the period of Wren’s creative activity? 4) Why is Wren considered to be a versatile man? 5) Why wasn’t Wren’s first design for rebuilding St.Paul’s met with approval? 6) How can we appreciate St.Paul’s cathedral? 7). what buildings were designed by Wren? Exercise 4. Find English equivalents for the following Russian words: A подлинный; огромный; подразумевать; требовать; утонченный; точный; потерпеть неудачу; быть обязанным; просторный; изумительный; обнаруживать; сдержанный; выдающийся; устанавливать; равный В notable; spacious; to fail; to establish; authentic; to imply; to owe; refined; Enormous; to reveal; to require; discreet; exact; marvelous; equal Рекомендуемая литература. Перечень основной литературы 1. English for building engineers : учеб. пособие / А.В. Колистратова. – Братск : ГОУ ВПО «БрГУ», 2011. – 92 с. 2. Данчевская, О.Е. English for Cross-Cultural and Professional Communication=Английский язык для межкультурного и профессионального общения : учебное пособие / О.Е. Данчевская, А.В. Малёв. - 6-е изд., стер. - Москва : Флинта, 2017. - 192 с. 3. Английский язык для архитектора и градостроителя: учебное пособие по английскому языку/ Л.А.Зарицкая; Оренбургский гос. ун-т. – Оренбург: ОГУ, 2013. – 116 с. Перечень дополнительной литературы: 1. Беляева И.В. Иностранный язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. Комплексные учебные задания [Электронный ресурс]: учебное пособие/ И.В. Беляева, Е.Ю. Нестеренко, Т.И. Сорогина— Электрон. текстовые данные.— Екатеринбур: Уральский федеральный университет, 2015.— 132 c.— Режим доступа: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/65930.html.— ЭБС «IPRbooks» 2. Меркулова Н.В. Английский язык в сфере управления / English for Management [Электронный ресурс]: учебное пособие/ Н.В. Меркулова— Электрон. текстовые данные.— Воронеж: Воронежский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, ЭБС АСВ, 2016. — 124 c. — Режим доступа: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/59141.html.— ЭБС «IPRbooks» 3. Мусихина О.Н., Гисина O.F., Яськова В.Л. Английский язык для строителей. Практикум / Серия «Высшее профессиональное образование».—Ростов н/Д:Феникс, 2004. — 352 с. Перечень ресурсов информационно-телекоммуникационной сети «Интернет», необходимых для освоения дисциплины - http://www.biblioclub.ru - http://www.iprbookshop.ru - http://www.catalog.ncstu.ru Практическое занятие №14. |