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Part 1 FAST FORWARD. Time is running out. Or so people feel. According to the latest research, forty-four per cent of British workers come home exhausted. More than half suffer from stress. By almost every measure, people are more pressured, more bothered about time - or a lack of it - than they have been for many years. Time, they feel, has been squeezed. All over the world, the old ways of managing time are disappearing. Fixed jobs, shared rhythms of shopping, travel and leisure, and common patterns of learning, marriage, work and retirement are on the way out. Instead, the world is having to come to terms with just-in-time production and multi-tasking computers, 24-hour shopping and video-on-demand, time-share holidays and home banking. All of these are symptoms of a revolution, a transition from an industrial time culture based around fixed timetables and a clear division of labour between men who went to work and women who looked after the home, towards a new culture based around flexibility, customisation and rapid flows of information. This new post-industrial culture offers, perhaps for the first time in history, the promise of people using time for their own needs. But far from ushering in a leisured Utopia, its most immediate effect has been a growing divide between those with too much work and those without any. In top jobs, long hours have become a mark of status and success. One in eight British managers works more than sixty hours a week and more than half take home work during the week. Part of the reason is the insecurity that has swept through so many white-collar jobs, encouraged the phenomenon of "presenteeism" rather than absenteeism - staying in the office even when there isn't any work to do. But technology has also played a part. Ubiquitous computers mean that our work will always be with us and our competitors will always be working too These pressures aren't confined to executives and professionals. While one in six households has no jobs at all, pressure to pay the bills and fear of redundancy mean that a quarter of all British male employees work more than forty-eight hours a week and nearly a fifth of unskilled and manual workers work more than fifty hours. Right across the world the long decline in working hours has stopped. The use of leisure is changing too. Intensive sports like aerobics are being substituted for slower ones like golf. Families are driving round zoos rather than walking around them. And teenagers "multitask" their leisure, watching several television channels at once while also fiddling with a personal computer. Some of the costs of this transition to a post-industrial order are all around us. Not only unemployment and overwork, high stress and high anxiety, but also less obvious ones like fatigue. But little has been done to address it head on, or to adapt institutions to a post-industrial way of life. Most institutions remain stuck in the industrial era. Within the family, even though most women now have jobs, they still do the bulk of domestic work - and consequently have fifteen hours less free time each week than men. Taken as a whole, time remains off the political agenda, treated as far less important than money or production. No political party seems to have acknowledged how much the landscape of time has changed. No one is responding to the mood that we need to find a better balance between work and life. And no one has quite come to terms with the fact that the old industrial model is being rapidly left behind. For those seeking a better balance between work and life, there is already a marvellous institution waiting to be used. Sabbaticals offer time off to recharge the batteries, to learn a new skill or just to travel the world. At the moment, these are a rare treat for academics. With the right funding arrangements, it is not inconceivable that we could, in the future, see every seventh year taken off as a matter of course. A previous generation of writers thought the goal was to escape from work. But this misses the point. Many people enjoy work. They find it fulfilling not only because it is a way to meet people but also because it sets goals and stretches capacities. This is surely why 78 per cent of 25-34 year-olds say that they would work even if there was no financial need. The challenge of a post-industrial age is not to escape from work but rather to achieve more autonomy and more ways for people to control the terms on which they work, its pace and texture Vocabulary : completely - абсолютно crazy - сумасшедший nightmare - кошмар survey - исследование clock off - заканчивать работу (в регулярное время) run* out - истекать latest - последний (по времени) research - исследование exhausted - измотанный, очень усталый suffer (from) - страдать (от) bother - беспокоить(ся) lack (of) - нехватка squizze - сжимать(ся) manage - управлять, распоряжаться disappear - исчезать shared - здесь: одни и те же common - общепринятый pattern - образец marriage - брак, женитьба retirement - уход не пенсию, в отставку instead - вместо, взамен come* to terms - прийти к соглашению just-in-time - во время transition - переход division - разделение look after - ухаживать towards - к flexibility - гибкость rapid - быстрый flow - поток promise - обещание usher in - докладывать immediate - немедленный growing - растущий divide - разделять insecurity - небезопасность encourage - поощрять, приветствовать presenteeism - присутствие ubiquitous - вездесущий competitor - противник, конкурент confine - ограничивать(ся) executive - руководитель fear - страх male - мужчина unskilled & manual - неквалифицированный decline - снижение substitute - замещать fiddle - бездельничать transition - переход order - порядок unemployment - безработица overwork - переработка anxiety - тревога, беспокойство obvious - очевидный fatigue - усталость adapt (to) - приспособить, адаптировать stuck - застрявший bulk - множество domestic - домашний consequently - соответственно agenda - повестка treat - здесь: рассматривать acknowledge - признавать respond - отвечать mood - настроение leave* behind - оставлять позади seek - искать sabbatical - творческий отпуск recharge - перезаряжать rare - редкий funding - финансирование inconceivable - непостижимый, невероятный previous - предыдущий goal - цель stretch - расширять capacities - мн.ч. возможности terms - мн.ч. условия pace - скорость texture - качество, структура Word Study. Ex. 1. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1.lack of time a/ феномен "присутствия" 2. fixed job b/ предыдущее поколение 3. based upon flexibility c/ вездесущие компьютеры 4. funding arrangements d/ нехватка времени 5. top job e/ уменьшение рабочих часов 6. fixed timetable f/ основанный на гибкости 7. flow of information g/ способ жизни 8. for one's own needs h/ фиксированная работа 9. phenomenon of "presenteeism" i/ неквалифицированный рабочий 10. ubiquitous computers j/ руководящая работа(должность) 11. decline in working hours k/ поток информации 12. high anxiety l/ для своих нужд 13. unskilled worker m/ фиксированное расписание (график) 14. way of life n/ высокий уровень тревоги 15. previous generation o/ договоренности о финансировании Ex. 2. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1. time is running out a/ распоряжаться временем 2. to escape from work b/ устанавливать цели 3. to be on the way out c/ оплачивать счета 4. to stick in the industrial era d/ добиться большей автономии 5. to be left behind e/ время истекает 6. to set goals f/ приходить к соглашению 7. to achieve more autonomy g/ застрять в индустриальной эпохе 8. to pay the bills h/ оставаться позади 9. to come on terms i/ завоевать аудиторию 10. to drive round "zoos" o/ избегать работы 11. to win the audience k/ чрезвычайно устать 12. to be exhausted l/ уходить 13. to recharge the batteries j/ объезжать вокруг зоопарка на а/м 14. to manage time m/ перезарядить батарейки Ex. 3. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Время истекает - так чувствуют люди, по крайней мере. 2. В соответствии с последним исследованием, 44% британских рабочих приходят домой в высшей степени уставшими. 3. Более половины страдают от стресса. 4. По любым меркам, люди ощущают большее давление, они больше беспокоятся по поводу времени - или его нехватки - чем ранее. 5. Вы чувствуете, что время сжимается. 6. Во всем мире прежние (former) способы распоряжения временем устаревают (get obsolete). 7. Фиксированная работа, одни и те же ритмы покупки, путешествий и досуга, общепринятые способы (patterns) учебы, брака, работы и ухода на пенсию отступают (be on the way out). 8. Чтобы победить в споре, вам нужно убедить кого-то, что вы правы. 9. Удивительно, как много людей начинают говорить (sound off), не решив еще, что они думают по этому поводу. 10. Мнение, которое сформировано без реального обдумывания или заимствовано от других - на самом деле не более, чем предупреждение. 11. Прежде, чем начать спорить по какому-то поводу, вам нужно понять, о чем вы собираетесь говорить. 12. Затем следует отобрать аргументы. 13. Весь процесс высказывания вашего мнения и доказательства, почему это верно, называется дискуссией. 14. Затем следует отобрать доказательства (reasons), которые лучше всего могут поддержать ваше мнение. 15. Неплохо также подобрать примеры, чтобы проиллюстрировать ваши доказательства. 16. Вы должны быть готовы к возможной критике. 17. Порядок приведения аргументов тоже очень важен - можно, например, начать с менее важных и закончить выступление более убедительными аргументами. 18. С годами люди создали множество техник, чтобы звучать убедительно, в том числе риторические вопросы (вопросы, не требующие ответа), воззвание к эмоциям аудитории и приведение эффективных аналогий. 19. Пользуясь вышеуказанными (above) методами, вы сможете завоевать аудиторию. Comprehension Check. Answer the following questions:
Topics to discuss.
Part 2 THE FIRM (The partner of a law firm - his name is Avery - is explaining to Mitch, who is a newcomer, the rules of work in the firm). They both declined dessert and ordered coffee. Mitch would be expected to be in the office by nine each morning, Avery explained as he lit a Montesino. The secretaries would be there at eight-thirty. Nine to five, but no one worked eight day. Personally, he was in the office by eight, and seldom left before six. He could bill twelve hours each day, every day, regardless of how many hours he actually worked. Twelve a day, five days a week, at three hundred an hour, for fifty weeks. Nine hundred thousand dollars in billable time! That was his goal. Last year he had billed seven hundred thousand, but there had been some personal problems. The firm didn't care if Mitch came in at 6 A.M. or 9 A.M., as long as the work was done. "What time are the doors unlocked?" Mitch asked. Everyone has a key, he explained, so he could come and go as he pleased. Security was tight, but the guards were accustomed to workaholics. Some of the work habits were legendary. Victor Milligan, in his younger days, worked six-teen hours a day, seven days a week, until he made partner. Then he quit working on Sundays. He had a heart attack and gave up Saturdays. His doctor put him on ten-hour days, five days a week, and he hasn't been happy since. Marty Kozinski knew all the janitors by first name. He was a 9 A.M. man who wanted to have breakfast with the kids. He would come in at nine and leave at midnight. Nathan Locke claims he can't work well after the secretaries arrive, so he comes in at six. It would be a disgrace to start later. Here's a man sixty-one years old, worth ten million, and works from six in the morning until eight at night five days a week and then a half day on Saturday. If he retired, he'd die. Nobody punched a clock, the partner explained. Come and go as you please. Just get the work done. Vocabulaty. decline - отказаться order - заказать lit* - здесь: прикурить Montesino - сорт сигарет personally - лично seldom - редко bill - заносить в счет regardless - несмотря на actually - на самом деле goal - цель unlocked - незапертый tight - сдержанный (в обращении) accustomed (to) - привычный (к) quit - бросать attack - приступ (болезни) give* up - бросать janitor - амер.: сторож claim - утверждать disgrace - позор be* worth - стоить retire - уйти в отставку, на пенсию punch a clock - отмечаться по часам (на работе) Word Study. Ex. I. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents. 1. to decline dessert a) рабочие привычки 2. by first name b) сердечный приступ 3. unlocked doors c) закурить сигарету 4. to work actually d) отказаться от десерта 5. work habits e) по имени 6. heart attack f) незапертые двери 7. lit a cigarette g) работать на самом деле Ex. II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Они оба отказались от десерта и заказали кофе. 2. Предпалагается, что Митч будет в офисе ежедневно с 9 часов утра. 3. Секретари обычно приходят в 8-30. 4. Авери мог записывать себе 12 часов в день, несмотря на то, сколько часов он отработал на самом деле. 5. На ночь двери запирались на замок, но у каждого был свой ключ, чтобы приходить и уходить, когда необходимо. 6. Охранникки были привычны к трудоголикам. 7. Некоторые партнеры начинали рабочий день очень рано, они считали позором приходить в офис в 9. 8. Был в фирме человек, который "стоил" 10 млн.долл., но если бы он ушел в отставку, он бы умер. 9. Можно было приходить на работу, когда тебе угодно - главное, чтобы работа была сделана. Comprehension Check. Answer the following questions. 1. What does the word "workaholic" mean? 2. How long did the partners of this law firm work evry day? 3. What were the reasons of long working hours, in your opinion? Topics to Discuss. 1. Law firm partners. 2. Avery. Text IIC NOT SO SNOW WHITE AFTER ALL. Walter Elias Disney Jr, officially born 1901 in Chicago (though possibly ten years earlier in the Spanish town of Mojacar) is arguably one of the greatest artists of all time. A legend in his lifetime, Disney shaped fairy tales into a new patterns, and while fighting off creditors, took immense financial risks as he innovated, experimented and went out on limbs, always refusing to cut corners for profit. Disney was not a graphic artist of great skill. The famous scrolled signature that became the company's logo had to be taught to him by an employee, and in 1920 he was laid off by a Kansas City advertising company with a comment on his 'singular lack of drawing ability'. But he had a gift for assembling creative teams and great ambition. He knew what he wanted and could see when things were going wrong; even though he was not always capable of articulating his thoughts, he could act out a whole movie that he carried in his head, so that his animators could see it before them. In 1920 he made the first sound cartoon (much influenced by his hero, Charlie Chaplin, who inspired Mickey Mouse). He was the first film-maker to see the appeal of Technicolor and to move entirely into colour film. In 1934, at the height of the Depression, he increased his staff to 1,500 so he could embark on a seemingly foolhardy programme of feature-length cartoons, and over the next eight years made Snow White, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo and Bambi, films that remain unsurpassed for imaginative soundtrack, for which cinemas were not yet ready. In the mid 1950s, as other studios dithered, Disney struck a deal with the ABC television network for a weekly peaktime series which for the first time eased his cash-flow problems. Disney's face became as famous as his name. At the same time he conceived Disneyland, and two years later, after a comically disastrous opening day, the turnstiles of the world's first theme park were happily clicking away. Shortly before his death he created in Gal-Arts a university. The artistic achievement, public adulation and financial success brought neither satisfaction nor happiness. Disney was a sad, depressed, remote figure, a poor father, an inconsiderate husband, a three-pack-a-day smoker and near-alcoholic who disapproved of drinking. He regarded his employees as a family, but paid them badly and stole their credits, treated them as traitors if they opposed him. No Jew made it into his executive ranks, no woman got a better job than as a lowly colourer, the only black employed in his studio was a veteran shoeshine boy. It has also been established that from 1940 Disney was an informer for the FBI and had a role in attracting the House Un-American Activities Committee to investigate Tinseltown's politics. The FBI association was connected with Disney's fears over his parentage that began with his discovery that his birth had never been registered. In return for Walt informing on his colleagues, J. Edgar Hoover apparently undertook to trace his origins. This trail led him to an attractive washerwoman called Isabella Zamora Ascensio in late 19th-century Spain. Three American teams visited her home town, Almeria, the first in 1940, the last in 1967 just after Walt's death. What they discovered is a mystery, though it seems likely that the 1967 party was bent on destroying evidence rather than finding anything out. Vocabulary. snow white - белоснежный arguably - спорно artist - художник shape - придавать форму, облекать fairy tale - сказка pattern - образец immense - огромный out on a limb - один, без поддержки refuse - отказываться cut corners - делать с худшим качеством, для экономии денег и времени profit - доход skill - мастерство, умение scrolled - с завитушками signature - подпись employee - сотрудник lay off - амер. увольнять feature-length - полнометражный (animated) cartoon - lack of - отсутствие drawing ability - умение рисовать gift - дар creative - творческий articulate - сформулировать movie - амер. фильм carry - нести, носить animator - мультипликатор sound - звуковой influence - влиять, воздействовать inspire - вдохновить appeal - воззвание, призыв entirely - полностью, абсолютно increase - увеличивать embark - препринимать foolhardy - безрассудный, отчаянный remain - оставаться unsurpassed - непревзойденный soundtrack - звуковое сопровождение dither - действовать нерешительно strike* a deal - заключить сделку cash-flow - поток наличных conceive - задумывать, представлять себе disastrous - катастрофический turnstile - турникет click away - щелкать adulation - низкая лесть, низкопоклонство satisfaction - удовлетворение remote - здесь: незначительный, малый inconsiderate - невнимательный regard - рассматривать steal* - красть theat - относиться, обращаться с traitor - изменник oppose - противостоять Jew - еврей rank - занимаемое положение establish - здесь: установить investigate - расследовать association - здесь: сотрудничество connect - связывать fear - страх parentage - происхождение, линия родства discovery - открытие informing - доносительство, стукачество apparently - очевидно undertake* - предпринять origin - происхождение trail - след mystery - загадка, тайна bent on - склоняться к destroy - здесь: уничтожить evidence - доказательство, свидетельство find* out - выяснить, обнаружить Word Study. Ex. 1. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1. to assemble a team a/ задумать Диснейленд 2. to shape into new patterns b/ вынашивать идеи в голове 3. to cut corners c/ сформулировать свои мысли 4. to be out on a limb d/ считать своей семьей 5. to carry ideas in one's head e/ разыграть целый фильм 6. to conceive Disneyland f/ собрать команду 7. to lay off g/ рисковать 8. to go wrong h/ уволить 9. to destroy evidence i/ делать с худшим качеством 10. to take a risk j/ разрушить доказательство 11. to articulate one's thoughts k/ не удаваться 12. to regard as a family l/ выяснять чье-то происхождение 13. to trace one's origin m/ один, без поддержки 14. to act out a whole movie n/ облекать в новые образцы Ex. 2. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1. fairy tale a/ способность рисовать 2. immense risk b/ чистильщик обуви 3. drawing ability c/ огромный риск 4. feature-length cartoon d/ родной город 5. cash-flow problems e/ белоснежный 6. shortly before f/ сказка 7. theme park g/ в обмен на это 8. remote figure h/ непревзойденный шедевр 9. shoeshine boy i/ нехватка финансирования 10. in return for it j/ проблемы с притоком денег 11. snow white k/ незадолго до (этого) 12. unsurpassed masterpiece l/ тематический парк 13. lack of finances m/ полнометражный мультфильм 14. home town n/ незначительная личность Ex. 3. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. По официальным данным, Уолтер Элиас Дисней родился в г. Чикаго в 1901 г., но возможно - десятью годами раньне в небольшом испанском городке. 2. Один из величайших художников нашего времени, он облек сказки в новые формы, шел на величайший финансовый риск, поскольку на самом деле он экспериментировал. 3. Он всегда был в одиночестве, отказываять дерать работу худшего качества во имя экономии денег и времени. 4. Уолтер не обладал матерством графика, в 1920 г. его уволили из одной рекламной фирмы из-за "отсутствия способности рисовать". 5. Он знал, чего хотел и мог видеть, когда дела не удавались. 6. И хотя он не всегда мог сформулировать мысли, которые он вынашивал (в голове), он разыгрывал целый фильм, чтобы мультипликторы могли его себе представить. 7. В 1920 г. он выпустил первый звуковой мультфильм. 8. В 1934 г., в разгар великой Депрессии, он увеличил свои штаты до1.500 человек, и предпринял безрассудную программу выпуска полнометражных мультфильмов, и за последующие 8 лет он выпустил ряд фильмов, которые стали непревзойденными шедеврами. 9. Лицо Диснея стало таким же известным, как и его имя. 10. В это же время он задумал Диснейленд и спустя 2 года защелкали турникеты первого в мире тематического парка. 11. Но ни достижения, ни успех не принесли ему ни удовлетворения, ни славы. 12. Он считал сотрудников своей семьей, но плохо оплачивал их труд и считал их изменниками, если они пытались противостоять ему. 13. Было установлено, что с 1940 г. он сотрудничал с ФБР, донося на своих коллег. 14. Оказывается, его рождение не было официально зарегистрировано. 15. В ответ на получаемые данные Эдвард Гувер (тогдашний шеф ФБР) очевидно обещал Уолту выяснить его происхождение. 16. На самом деле, происхождение Диснея так и осталось тайной, ибо доказательства были намеренно (intentionally) уничтожены. Comprehension Check. Answer the following questions: 1. What are the exact Walt's date and place of birth? 2. Where did he take money for making films? 3. Why was he laid off by a Kansas City advertising company? 4. Could he easily articulate his ieas? 5. How did he explain his ideas to the animators? 6. When did he make the firts sound cartoon? 7. What was his business like at the height of the Depression (1934)? 8. What program did he start that time? 9. When was Disneyland opened? 10. Was he a happy person? If not - why? 11. How did he treat his employees? 12. Why did he associate with the FBI? Topics to Discuss. 1. Describe Walter Disney (taking into account both, merits and drawbacks) - (и достоинства, и недостатки): a/ as a person (including his origin); b/ as a film-maker. 2. Disneyland. Text IID William Randolph Hearst  On 4th March 1887, William Randolph Hearst came into the offices of his father's ailing San Francisco Examiner and announced to the staff that he intended to "startle; amaze and stupefy the world". He then proceeded to do just that. Over the next half century his newspapers were in every sense amazing. They made and destroyed reputations, often with impressive disregard for the truth. They exposed corruption, while at the same time buying politicians. They created stars; they even declared a war. Within a few years of becoming proprietor, Hearst turned his papers into vehicles through which he could successfully run for Congress and even put himself forward for the presidency of the United States. Though he never actually occupied the White House nor achieved the mass popularity which he craved, he came within an ace of the 1904 Democratic presidential nomination, buying and cajoling his way to 263 votes before losing to the colourless but safe Judge Parker. Hearst's papers remained successful. They usually gained in circulation and some of them even made money - though the Examiner lost a fortune (his father's) while he was editing it. But as long as the money lasted, the money did not matter. And the circulation was important only for the power, however specious, which he felt it represented. The glamour of newspaper ownership never left him, but the futility of the power ultimately corroded his personality. Shy, desperately unsure of himself in public, he finally died in an agony of loneliness. Just as newspaper owners must never underestimate the nature of their power, so newspaper readers should never underestimate the lure of its glamour. Ninety years after Hears! look over the Examiner, I was sitting in the Daily Express building waiting for the new proprietor, Victor Matthews, to arrive to complete his purchase and tell his expectant executives what was going to happen to them. He was a veteran of many industrial take-overs. But on this occasion he was clearly delighted to be welcomed by a group of reporters and a television crew. They delayed his arrival while they interviewed him on his views on politics and his ambitions as a proprietor, and even requested him to drive round the block to arrive again for better television effect. Mr. Matthews was a building contractor by trade and had been offered few chances to give his views on the world before. Attempting to adopt what he felt was the argot of such occasions, he murmured something about "believing in Britain and helping make her great again". The phrase seemed to go down well. He used it many times that day and afterwards. Overnight the glamour of newspapers had magically transformed him into a public figure. Within weeks Matthews was letting it be known that he would appreciate an invitation to meet the prune minister at Downing Street. The flattery of newspaper proprietors has long been a favourite sport of premiers and an invitation duly came. The incident was merely a modem pastiche of an aura which has motivated proprietors throughout newspaper history. It has often been remarked that men acquire newspapers for many reasons, but rarely for the business of running them and making themselves rich. From the earliest times, the access papers have afforded to public life has been a major factor. That access has, on a few occasions, been converted into real political power. But for the most part it has been an illusion. Ownership has been a ticket to the front stalls of public affairs, but not to the stage itself. Owners who have disobeyed this rule have had to retreat to their seats, bruised and disillusioned. from "Newspapers; the power and the money" by Simon Jankins Vocabulary. ailing - здесь: приходящий в упадок announce - заявить staff - сотрудники, штат intend - намереваться startle - поразить amaze - изумить stupefy - ошеломить proceed - продолжить, приняться за destroy - разрушить disregard - пренебрежение, игнорирование expose - подвергаться declare - заявить proprietor - владелец, собственник turn into - превратиться в achieve - достигать, добиваться carve - страстно желать, жаждать within an ace of - на волосок от cajole - умаслить, склонить к votes - голоса (на выборах) remain - оставаться gain - здесь: улучшаться, возрастать circulation - тираж(и) fortune - состояние, богатство edit - издавать matter - здесь: значить specious - здесь: обманчивый, показной glamour - обаяние, чары ownership - владение futility - тщетность ultimately - в конечном итоге corrode - разъедать desperately - отчаянно loneliness - одиночество underestimate - недооценивать lure - соблазн took over - здесь: смена владельцев purchase - покупка, приобретение delighted - довольный crew - команда delay - откладывать, задерживать request - обращаться с просьбой contractor - подрядчик adopt - принимать, усваивать argot - жаргон, арго occasion - случай murmur - (про)бормотать go* well - здесь: быть принятым, одобренным overnight - за одну ночь transform into - превратить(ся) в appreciate - ценить, благодарить flattery - лесть duly - совевременно, вовремя merely - просто acquire - проиобетать afford - позволять (в фин. отношении) access - доступ convert into - превращать(ся) в stalls - ряды партера affairs - дела disobey - не подчиняться retreat - уступать, удаляться bruised - в синяках Word Study. Ex. 1. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1.to lose a fortune a/ заинтересовать владельцев 2. to announce the staff b/ подвергаться коррупции 3. to purchase a newspaper c/ издавать газету4. to destroy reputations d/ отложить чей-то приезд 5. to make oneself rich e/ ценить приглашения 6. to expose corruption f/ приобрести газету 7. to motivate proprietors g/ прийти своевременно 8. to come duly h/ потерять состояние 9. to create stars i/ пренебрегать правдой 10. to appreciate invitations j/ объявить сотрудникам 11. to declare a war k/ не подчиняться правилам 12. to drive round the block l/ разрушать репутации 13. to underestimate the power m/ повысить тиражи 14. to crave popularity n/ объявить войну 15. to delay one's arrival o/ недооценивать власть 16. to gain in circulation p/ объехать вокруг квартала 17. to disregard the truth q/ стремиться к известности 18. to edit a newspaper r/ обогатиться, разбогатеть 19. to disobey the rules s/ создавать звезд Ex. 2. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1. futility of power a/ по этому случаю 2. public figure b/ владение газетой 3. in every sense c/ отчаянно неуверенный (в) 4. stage itself d/ в тот день и впоследствии 5. overnight e/ доступ к власти 6. front stalls f/ на волосок от 7. lure of glamour g/ общественный деятель 8. desperately unsure (of) h/ во всех отношениях 9. for many reasons i/ сама сцена 10. that day and afterwards j/ по многим причинам 11. on this occasion k/ за одну ночь 12. within an ace of l/ соблазн очарования 13. access to power m/ передние ряды партера 14. nespaper ownership n/ тщетность власти Ex. 3. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Херст заявил персоналу, что намеревается "ошеломить и поразить мир". 2. И он приступил к этому. 3. В течение последуюих 50 лет его газеты были восхитительны во всех отношениях. 4. Они создавали и разрушали репутации, зачастую пренебрегая правдой. 5. Они подвергались коррупции, в то же время подкупая политиков. 6. Они создавали звезд, они даже объявили войну. 7. Херст добился успеха и в 1904 г. был на волосок от номинации на пост президента от партии демократов. 8. Росли тиражи газет Херста, некоторые из них приносили доходы (make money), хотя "Examiner" потеряла целое состояние, когда он был ее редактором. 9. Но пока были (lasted) деньги, деньги означали не все. 10. И тиражи были значимы только для власти. 11. Тщетность (futility) власти в конечном итоге разъела его личность. 12. Будучи отчаянно неуверенным в себе на публике, в конечном итоге он умер в одиночестве. 13. Невозможно недооценивать соблазн и магию власти. 14. Через 90 лет владельцем газеты "Examiner" стал г-н Мэтью, бывший строительный подрядчик. 15. За одну ночь волшебство газет превратило его в общественного деятеля. 16. Замечено, что люди приобретают газеты по многим причинам - и не только с целью обогатиться. 17. Обладание (владение) газетой прямой доступ к политической власти. 18. Но для большинства людей это - иллюзия. 19. Владельцы обладают билетом на передние ряды партера, но не саму сцену. 20. Те, кто не подчиняются общепринятым (common) правилам, должны отойти и уступить свое место - в синяках и утратив иллюзии. Comprehension Check. Answer the following questions: 1. When did W.R..Hearst come to his father's offices? 2. Was "San Francisco Examiner" flourishing (процветающей) that time? 3. What was Hearst's intention? 4. Did he succeed in it? 5. What was his position on political scene? 6. Did money mean much for him? 7. Was he happy in his private life? 8. Who became the owner of the "Examiner" 90 years later? 9. Was he as ambitious as Hearst? 10. What had he done before that? 11. What happened to him overnight? 12. What are the reasons of purchasing newspapers? Topics to Discuss. 1. William Randolf Hearst. 2. Victor Matthew. 3. Reasons of purchasing newspapers. 4. Rules to be obeyed by newspaper proprietors. Grammar Exercises Ex.1. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to object clauses. 1.I don’t know what you are talking about. 2. She didn’t like it when somebody interfered with her work. 3. I’ll do just what I promise. 4. Nobody can tell you whether you are right or wrong, you’ll have to make your own choice. 5. He understood that someone else was in the room. He could sense a presence. 6. They were not sure what the next morning would bring them, yet they didn’t lose hope. 7. You know quite well that I would always follow my principles. 8. Tell me what you need and I’ll try to help you. 9. She always did whatever her mother told her. 10. I’m sure that they are good friends although they fight constantly. 11.Every- body knows that employment agencies sometimes help you find a job, but their fees can be quite high. 12. Anna says whatever is on her mind, consequently she sometimes offends people. 13. I try to write down what seems to me to be truth. 14. She wondered why he was always so shy in her presence. 15. He said that he would write his essay at home. Ex.2. Complete the sentences with “what” or “that” where necessary. Model: Did you know that he was ill? I wonder what he wanted.
Ex.3. Translate into Russian paying attention to object clauses without conjunctions.
Ex.4. Translate into English.
Ex. 5 Translate into Russian paying attention to attributive clauses.
Ex. 6 Complete the sentences with attributive clauses. Use the sentences in the box. Insert who, when, where, which, whose, that where necessary. you trust he understood nobody had expected I spent my child- we first met hood (in) she wanted name was well-known |