NEW Учебник_ Английский 2022 (3)-1. University Life Learning Process and Challenges Students Face while Studying
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2. Put the verbs in brackets in the right forms of the Simple and Perfect Tenses: 1. The technical advances greatly (broaden) the field of engineering since the 19th century. 2. The engineer (complete) his project two hours ago. 3. (not inspect) the electrical engineer the power systems and control circuits of this new apparatus yet? 4. He (test) the equipment before it starts working. 5. The mechanical engineer (design) the body and actuators of the robot by the end of the previous week. 6. The software engineer just (develop) the software that (make) the robot behave properly. 7. We (feed) the data into the computer in 10 minutes. 8. Why (not test) he this device by the deadline? 9. The programmers (not write) the codes by tomorrow. 10.The surveyors recently (provide) measurements of size and position of a new construction project. Speaking Workshop 1. Complete the following sentences and put them in order of importance. Add anything else that is important for you: I would be happy in a job where I could ... . It is not important for me if I couldn’t … in my future profession. 1. learn something new 2. deal with people 3. do the same things all the time 4. enjoy being challenged by new tasks 5. work at the plant 6. work shifts 7. have good chance for promotion 8. work with machines or use instruments 9. work on my own 10. work as a part of a team 11. work outside 12. work in an office 13. have good salary 14. have good social status 15. have comfortable working conditions 16. have company automobile 17. help other people 18. have friendly colleagues 19. work remotely 20. have health insurance 2. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner what should a good engineer do? Use the phrases: I think; I believe; It is no doubt; I suppose; As far as I know; To my mind; What about you? What is your opinion? Consider the points below. Ask your partner if his/her personal abilities satisfy the requirements of the engineering profession? To have inventive mind, to have problem-solving skills, to have an aptitude for drawing and working with figures, to be computer literate, to be critically-minded, to have personal freedom, to be responsible, to make money, to have good logical reasoning, to think creatively, to be technically competent, to be trained to handle any challenges, to work as part of the team, to have a talent for technique. 3. Act the conversation with your fellow mate. Make up your own conversation on this model: Nick: Hi, mom! What’s the matter? On the phone you said there was something we needed to discuss right now Mother: Dad and me are kind of worried about your choice of the future profession. Nick: Why? What’s wrong with being a software engineer? Mother: Well, isn’t, like, a real job, is it? You will just be sitting in front of a PC gaining nothing! Nick: How come? I will be working just like the two of you. You do teach from home at least sometimes don’t you? Mother: Yes, but only when there really isn’t any other way to do that. You, on the other hand will be doing that all the time. Wouldn’t it be better if you worked in a company’s office? Nick: No, it wouldn’t be. You see, it is expensive, running an office. You need all the cubicles, computers, lighting, heating in the winter. And the support for all that. So if I work from home they don’t need to worry about any of that. So not only am I working with what I am used to, raising efficiency, but I also potentially earn money by doing this. Mother: About all that earning though… Nick: What about it? Mother: Would you actually get paid? It is much easier to be scammed when you are online, so wouldn’t that mean that you will not be able to earn much at all? Nick: That isn’t the case at all! You can get scammed while working in real office just as much as you can while working online. All it comes down to is how trustworthy the company that hires you actually is. Mother: But your career! Nick: There’s always a place to grow. Especially when you work in IT. Even if there won’t be anywhere higher to go in the company I work at, it is always possible to find someone else who will pay more, especially because I would have actual work experience. Mother: Ah, I see. So everything we were worried about is meaningless then? Nick: No, mom. It is actually kind of helpful that you reminded me about what can happen when you aren’t careful. I will keep all that in mind when actually looking for a job. Now how about we cook some dinner before dad comes home? Mother: Well, well, you shunt the conversation on another topic! But yes, we should cook something. How about you make us a salad while I roast a piece of beef? 4*. Role-play the following situations: 1. A father/a mother and a son/a daughter are discussing his/her future career. The student is willing to become an engineer. Both are giving pros and cons of the engineering career. 2. Two people are discussing the profession of an engineer. The question is: may a woman be a good engineer? 3. The profession of an engineer is for those who enjoy solving various technical problems. Do you agree with it? 5.*Work in small groups.Use the formulas of expressing your opinion: 1. Why have you chosen engineering as a career? Highlight at least 5 points which make profession so attractive. 2. Who has influenced your choice of profession? 3. Do your interests and abilities meet the requirements of the job you would like to do in the future? 4. If not an engineer, would you like to become a lawyer (police officer, doctor, teacher, journalist, economist etc)? Why or why not? Explain your reasons for and against. 5. What is the role of an engineer in a modern life?Is the profession of an engineer popular in our country? Give your arguments. 6. What are the pros and cons of the engineering profession? 7.What would your ideal working environment be? Why? 6*. Speak on the topic Engineering as a Career Option using these clichés: 1. I would like to tell you about /This text is about ... 2.According to the text … 3.As I understood from the text ... 4. As it is described in the text ... 5.As seen from the text … 6.As for me I learnt that … 7.It is pointed out that 8. I didn’t know that … 9.Connecting words: moreover, you know, besides, nevertheless, however, therefore. 10. In conclusion I would like to tell /To sum up/Finally/To conclude ... Listening 1. Listen to the text Career Search on http://www.esl-lab.com 2. Do the tasks given. VIDEO 1.Watch the video on https://www.esl-lab.com 2.Do the tasks given. UNIT 7. People Who Contributed to the Field of Engineering Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. Thomas Edison Pre-questions 1. Do people only work for money? 2. Are some people better suited to some jobs than others? INTRODUCTIONARY TEXT Some Greatest Engineers of All Time Read the text and make sure you know the words and phrases in bold Who’s the greatest engineer of all time? That’s an open question with no right or wrong answer; only opinions, theories and opportunities for debate. Thankfully, there are plenty of engineers who have gone before us and paved the path to a modern world that grants us access to so many inventions - inventions that make our lives easier. Whether you agree with the list of these greatest engineers below or not, it will at least give you some food for thought. 1. Nikola Tesla, a Serbian who moved to America at the age of 28 to work with Thomas Edison. Tesla is perhaps one of the most underrated electrical engineers, and didn’t receive credit for a lot of his inventions. There’s no doubt that he had a huge influence on society, though. His inventions include the induction motor, 3-phase electricity, fluorescent lighting and the Tesla coil. He also developed the AC current generation system made from a transformer and a motor. 2. Thomas Edison was an American inventor and referred to as a great businessman. He holds an astounding 1,097 patents, a record. He goes down as the most prolific inventor in history. A few of his many inventions include the motion picture camera and projector, the phonograph, and the incandescent lightbulb. 3. Karl Benz was a German engineer and automobile pioneer, widely acknowledged as being the creator of the first successful internal combustion motor car. His Patent Motor Car No. 1 of 1885 is regarded as the first automobile. 4. Pavel Yablochkov was a prominent Russian inventor and designer. He did much for using alternating current. He is famous for inventing the “Yablochkov candle” (arc lamp) known abroad under the name of the “Russian Light”. 5. Nikolaus Otto, a German inventor is credited with the development of the four-stroke engine. Also referred to as the Otto-cycle engine, his invention helped to initiate the development of motor cars. The same four steps of drawing in fuel and air, compressing the mixture then igniting it, and finally expelling through the exhaust is still the basis for our modern day combustion engines. 6. Vladimir Zworykin, Russian engineer and inventor, was one of the founding fathers and pioneers of television. He invented the cathode ray tube (1929), iconoscope (1931), electrooptical television system (1933) and laid the basis for colour television (1940s). 7. Sergey Korolev was a leading Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer and is considered by many as the father of practical astronautics. Among his major achievements are the first successful launch of an orbiting satellite (1957) and the first manned space flight of Yuri Gagarin (1961). 8. Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish born engineer, scientist and inventor is credited with providing us with the first telephone. His work was strongly influenced by the fact that unusually both his mother and wife were deaf. This led him to focus on the areas of elocution and speech, and eventually experimenting with hearing devices. The first U.S. patent for the telephone was awarded to him way back in 1876. He also had many other inventions in later life, including in aeronautics and optical telecommunications. 9. George Stephenson was a civil and mechanical engineer who developed and built steam locomotives for some of the first ever railways. Because of his impact, he is sometimes referred to as the Father of the Railway. He lived during the industrial revolution in Britain, and at the time of his passing in 1848, its railways and factories resulted in it being one of the world’s richest countries. George’s son Robert helped his father build railways and became equally as famous in his own right. 10. Elon Musk Last but by no means least on the list is Elon Musk. The South African born modern day engineer, inventor, and businessman is blazing a trail that is sure to influence the human race for years to come. There’s no doubt that his ambition and ability to make things happen is astounding. From the Tesla car, SolarCity, SpaceX, and the idea behind the Hyperloop, nothing seems too far out of reach for Elon Musk. TEXT 1. KARL BENZ (1844–1929) AND HIS INVENTIONS VOCABULARY PRACTICE 1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
2. Complete the sentence with the words and phrases below: 1. two-stroke engine; 2. revenues; 3. supplier; 4. Merged; 5. internal-combustion engine; 6. vehicle; 7. indulge; 8. two roller chains; 9. patents; 10. bought out. 1. This company is big a … of software. 2. Benz created his … in 19th century. 3. The … of this enterprise are rather high. 4. The first practical automobile was powered by an … . 5. These two companies finally … as the large holding. 6. The success of the company gave Benz the opportunity to … in designing a horseless carriage. 7. Benz began to sell the … in 1888. 8. The famous scientist began to work on new … . 9. Our chief … his partner’s share in the company. 10. Power was transmitted by means of … to the rear axle. TEXT 2 Read the text and speak on the biography and the most essential projects of Karl Benz Karl Friedrich Benz, German mechanical engineer, was born in 1844 in Baden Muehlburg (now part of Karlsruhe). He was the son of an engine driver. Benz attended the Karlsruhe grammar school and later the Karlsruhe Polytechnic University. In 1871 he founded his first company with partner August Ritter, the Iron Foundry and Machine Shop, a supplier of building materials. The enterprise’s first year went very badly. Ritter turned out to be unreliable. The business’s tools were impounded. The difficulty was overcome when Benz’s fiancée, Bertha Ringer, bought out Ritter’s share in the company using her dowry. In 1872 Karl Benz and Bertha Ringer married, later having five children. Despite such business misfortunes, Karl Benz led in the development of new engines in the early factory he and his wife owned. To get more revenues, in 1878 he began to work on new patents. First, he concentrated all his efforts on creating a reliable gas two-stroke engine. Benz finished his two-stroke engine on December 31, 1878, New Year’s Eve, and was granted a patent for it in 1879. Karl Benz showed his real genius, however, through his successive inventions registered while designing what would become the production standard for his two-stroke engine. Benz soon patented the speed regulation system; the ignition using white power sparks with battery, the spark plug, the carburetor, the clutch, the gear shift, and the water radiator. Problems arose again when the banks at Mannheim demanded that Bertha and Karl Benz’s enterprise be incorporated due to the high production costs it maintained. The Benz’s were forced to improvise an association with photographer Emil Bühler and his brother (a cheese merchant), in order to get additional bank support. The company became the joint-stock company Gasmotoren Fabrik Mannheim in 1882. After all the necessary incorporation agreements, Benz was unhappy because he was left with merely five percent of the shares and a modest position as director. Worst of all, his ideas weren’t considered when designing new products, so he withdrew from that corporation just one year later, in 1883. Benz’s lifelong hobby brought him to a bicycle repair shop in Mannheim owned by Max Rose and Friedrich Wilhelm Esslinger. In 1883 the three founded a new company producing industrial machines: Benz&Cie. Quickly growing to twenty-five employees, it soon began to produce static gas engines as well. The success of the company gave Benz the opportunity to indulge in his old passion of designing a horseless carriage. He used similar techno-logy when he created an automobile. It featured wire wheels (unlike carriages’ wooden ones) with a four-stroke engine of his own design between the rear wheels, with a very advanced coil ignition and evaporative cooling rather than a radiator. Power was transmitted by means of two roller chains to the rear axle. Karl Benz finished his creation in 1885 and named it the Benz Patent Motorwagen. It was the world’s first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. It was the first automobile entirely designed as such to generate its own power. Benz began to sell the vehicle (advertising it as the Benz Patent Motorwagen) in the late summer of 1888, making it the first commercially available automobile in history. Early customers could only buy gasoline from pharmacies that sold small quantities as a cleaning product. The early-1888 version of the Motorwagen had no gears and could not climb hills unaided. This limitation was rectified after Bertha Benz made her famous trip driving one of the vehicles a great distance and suggested to her husband the addition of another gear. The great demand for stationary, static internal combustion engines forced Karl Benz to enlarge the factory in Mannheim, and in 1886 a new building was added. Benz & Cie. had grown in the interim from 50 employees in 1889 to 430 in 1899. During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899. In 1895 Benz designed the first truck in history, with some of the units later modified by the first motor bus company: the Netphener, becoming the first motor buses in history. In 1896 Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first flat engine. It had horizontally opposed pistons, a design in which the corresponding pistons reach top dead center simultaneously, thus balancing each other with respect to momentum. This design is still used by Porsche, Subaru, and some high performance engines of racing cars. In 1903 sales of Benz & Cie. reached 3480 automobiles, and the company remained the leading manufacturer of automobiles. In 1926 Benz & Cie and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company and gave the model of the DMG automobiles the name Mercedes Benz. The name of that DMG model had been selected after ten-year-old Mercédès Jellinek, the daughter of Emil Jellinek who had set the specifications for the new model. Between 1900 and 1909 he was a member of DMG’s board of management and long before the merger Jellinek had resigned. Karl Benz was a member of the new Daimler Benz board of management for the remainder of his life. A new logo was created, consisting of a three pointed star (representing Daimler’s motto: engines for land, air, and water) surrounded by traditional laurels from the Benz logo, and the brand of all of its automobiles was labeled Mercedes Benz. Model names would follow the brand name in the same convention as today. In 1929 Karl Benz died at home in Ladenburg at the age of eighty-four. The Benz’s house has been designated as historic and is used as a scientific meeting facility for a nonprofit foundation, the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation, that honors both Bertha and Karl Benz for their roles in the history of automobiles. Comprehension Check |