В. Н. Бгашев е. Ю. Долматовская английский язык для студентов машиностроительных специальностей учебник
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В Прочитайте следующие слова и словосочетания и их русские соответствия. Они помогут вам понять содержание текста. tuition — обучение, degree — звание, ученая степень, paper — письменная работа, to cover a wide range of... — охватывать большой ряд, manufacturing techniques — методы производства, by post — по почте Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, выражающие основные положения текста. а) The Open University (OU) offers a wide range of courses at many different levels. б) The OU was established to give educational opportunities to those people who want to continue their education at home. в) In its teaching the OU employs a combination of television, radio, computer, correspondence tests, broadcasts and personal tuition. r) The University is open to everybody. Прочитайте текст и расположите основные положения текста в порядке их следования. Раскройте (дополните) их информацией из текста. TEXT В. THE OPEN UNIVERSITY The Open University was established in Britain in 1969 to enable people to study for a best degree at home. It started its first course in 1971 with 19,580 students. Now it is Britain’s largest teaching institution, with more than 100,000 men and women taking its various courses at any given time. About 6,000 students of all ages get degrees every year. Its degrees, diplomas and other qualifications are equal to those of any other university. Apart from the well-known degree courses there are a lot of other courses, some lasting only a few weeks, others ten or twelve months. Courses cover a wide range of subjects — from everyday topics through traditional university disciplines— history, chemistry, electronics and so on — to the latest manufacturing techniques. The University is open to any person over 18 living in Britain or another member nation of the European Union, regardless of previous education. And of course, you must have the desire to learn. The OU operates by sending its educational materials to students, in their own homes or places of work. Instruction often makes use of such course materials as special equipment to conduct science and technology experiments at home, audio and videocassettes, and computer software. Students of the OU receive their lessons and lectures in their homes by means of special TV and radio programmes. Some courses are taught via the Internet, while others make use of the Internet as one component of instruction. Some courses include a one-week instruction in residential schools, usually offered during the summer. The University offers programmes in the arts, mathematics and computing, science and technology, social science, education, health and social welfare, business, and humanities. DISCUSSION Вы прочитали об одном из университетов Англии. Иногда его называют “University on the Air”. Как вы думаете, почему? Сравните систему заочного образования в нашей стране и в Англии. Step 3 А Прочитайте текст и определите его основное содержание. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие информацию о подготовке инжене- ров-производственников. Прочитайте четвертый абзац текста и озаглавьте его. TEXT A. THE BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY The University of Birmingham was founded in 1900. At present it has more than 20,000 students. An emphasis upon research in all schools is one of the characteristics of the University. Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering is one of five Schools of Engineering at the University of Birmingham. Its other Schools are Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Metallurgy and Materials. The courses given in the School are designed primarily to provide a broad education in the fundamental mechanical engineering sciences and in economics and business studies. The advanced courses in the School of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering lead to careers in the fields of design, research, development and production in industry; the government service; the national research laboratories and higher learning institutions; and to those in some branches of teaching. One group of courses serves the Industrial Engineering stream and the other serves the Engineering Science stream. The former is intended for students whose interests lie mainly in the design and production side of engineering, the latter is meant for those who are analytically-minded and who wish to study in depth the theoretical techniques used by engineers. After following a common first year and before entering the second year, students are divided into two streams on the basis of their own choice. The courses of study include mechanical production, electronic and electrical engineering, metallurgy, mathematics and economics. They are supported by laboratory and drawing office exercises. In both cases students are engaged in practical work with engineering firms during the summer vacation. TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS LANGUAGE STUDY а) Прочитайте следующие слова, имеющие общий корень со словами русского языка, ^назовите их значения. Значения выделенных слов («ложных друзей переводчика») уточните по словарю. mechanical, national, laboratory, career, analytical, theoretical, metallurgy, electronic, electrical, manufacture, industry, chemical, civil, design, firm, characteristics б) Найдите предложения с данными словами в тексте А и проверьте правильность найденных вами значений. Найдите в нижеследующем отрывке интернациональные слова и назовите их значения. Вспомните известные вам значения «ложных друзей переводчика». Переведите текст, не пользуясь словарем, так как все слова должны быть вам известны. The technician often works out good solutions to the problems but doesn’t know why they work. The scientist and engineer analyze those empirical solutions and can develop general principles that can be applied when solving similar problems. An engineering solution to a problem involves making an analysis of the problem that can be applied when a similar problem occurs in the future. 3. Дополните правую колонку соответствующими наречиями.
а) Переведите приведенные ниже словосочетания, образованные по модели Adj + N (какой?). broad education, technical management, mechanical engineering, theoretical technique, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, practical work, industrial stream, civil engineering, chemical engineering, national laboratory б) Найдите эти сочетания в тексте и укажите формальные показатели, определяющие начало и конец группы существительного. Переведите приведенные ниже словосочетания, образованные по моделям N + N (чего?), N + N (какой?). При необходимости пользуйтесь словарем. business studies, stress analysis, analogue computation, design project, second-year student, vacation course, engineering firm, summer vacation, steam engine, gas engine, motor car, railway carriage а) Преобразуйте приведенные ниже словосочетания, образованные по модели N of Adj + N, в словосочетания по модели AdJ + N + N. Model: The School of Mechanical Engineering — the Mechanical Engineering School institutions of higher learning, the stream of Industrial Engineering, the stream of Engineering Science, national laboratories of research В английском языке широко распространен способ образования новых слов путем «конверсии» их из одной части речи в другую. Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от соответствующих существительных. Может иметь место и обратный процесс — образование существительных от глаголов. а) Дополните следующую таблицу:
б) Найдите в тексте слова, образованные по конверсии, и определите, к какой части речи они принадлежат. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова. 1. Industry usually has specialized operation. 2. This plant specialized in producing engines long ago. 3. In this field of industry they start from nothing. 4. The start was given and the competition began. 5. The scientific centre of our country is the Russian Academy of Sciences. 6..Our thoughts centre on this idea. 7. My friend works at the Likhachev Motor Works. GRAMMAR REVISION Слова-заместители В английском языке очень часто во избежание повторения одного и того же слова в предложении употребляются слова-заместители: one (ones), that (those). Слова-заместители занимают в предложении позицию замещаемого слова. one This complex of plants is the biggest complex in the world. —►This complex of plants is the biggest one in the world. Этот комплекс заводов — самый большой в мире. ones | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||